Sport First Aid
Aspects of Treating Injuries
• Injury and Illness Prevention
• Injury and Illness Recognition and First
Aid
• Assessment/Diagnosis and Treatment
• Rehabilitation
Sports Medicine Team
• Many make up a successful Sports Medicine
Team, each must know and stay within their role.
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Athlete
Coach
EMT/Paramedic
Physicians
Athletic Trainer
Physical Therapist
Dentist/Oral Surgeon
Optometrist
Strength and Conditioning Coach
Equipment Manager
And more….
EMERGENCY PLAN
• Trained Personnel
– Credentials
• 1st Aide
• CPR
• ATC
• EMT
• MD
– Emergency Care Equipment
• Field Kits
• Splint Bags
• Stretcher
• Biohazard
• Emergency Transportation
– Transportation Vehicles
– Ambulance & Paramedics
– School personnel
• Communication System
– Equipment
• radios
• telephones
• on-the-scene transfer of information
– Notification
• ER & Urgent Care
• Parents
• Administrators
• Emergency Care Facility
– Hospitals
• Services Offered
• Locations
– Legal Considerations
• Group Health Care Plan Facilities
• Emergency Care Protocol
– Chain of Command
• Assignments and responsibilities
• on the scene care
• telephone emergency
• Map (directions)
– Mock Drills
• Be Prepared
• Record Keeping
– Accident Report
– Emergency Cards
– Documentation
911 Calls...
• Must give dispatcher following information
– Type of emergency situation
– Type of suspected injury
– Present condition of athlete
– Current assistance being given (CPR, ect)
– Location
• telephone
• cross streets
• how to enter facility
Assessment Procedures
• On The Field
– Primary Survey
• ABCs
• Bleeding/Shock
– Secondary Survey
• Vitals
• Signs & Symptoms
VITALS
• Pulse
– 60-80 in adults
– Account for activity
– 80-100 in children
• Respiration
– 12 in adults
– 20-25 in children
• Blood Pressure
• Temperature
• Skin Color
• Blood Pressure
– Systolic over diastolic
– 120/80
• Temperature
– 98.6
• Skin Color
• Pupils
– shock, heatstroke, hemorrhage
– stimulants
Musculoskeletal System
• Bones
– Shape, support, protect
• Joints
– When 2 bones meet
• Ligaments
– Bone to bone
• Tendon
– Muscle to bone
• Cartilage
– Absorb force and reduce friction in a joint
• Muscles
– Shorten to cause movement
• Bursa
– Small, fluid filled sacs for reduce friction
Other Systems
• Neurological
– Body’s control center
• Digestive
– Energy Supply
• Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
– Oxygenated blood
• Urinary System
– Remove waste from blood.
Acute and Chronic Injuries
• Acute injury - “injury characterized by
rapid onset, resulting from a traumatic
event”
• Acute injuries typically involve trauma
followed by pain, swelling and loss of
function.
• Critical force -- “magnitude of a single
force for which the anatomical structure
of interest is damaged”
Acute and Chronic Injuries
• Chronic injury - “injury characterized by
a slow, insidious onset, implying a
gradual development of structural
damage”
• Chronic injuries develop over time and
are often associated with repetitive,
cyclic activities, such as running.
• These injuries are commonly called
“overuse injuries.” Common sites
include the Achilles tendon, patellar
Types of Open Wounds
Care for Open Wound
• 1. Stop Bleeding
– Direct Pressure with gauze (if available)
– Stack gauze, do not remove it.
– Pressure points in severe cases (arteries)
• Clean with soap and water, irrigate with water, 5
min if possible
• Ointment (neosporin, triple antibiotic, etc.)
• Cover with band aide or other non stick product.
• Stitches?
– ½ inch long or skin does not naturally come together.
Diabetes
Type 1
Type 2
• Formerly called "juvenile diabetes" or
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"insulin-dependent diabetes,"
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70 percent of diagnoses occur before a
person reaches the age of 30.
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• Can be diagnosed at any age.
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Only 5 percent to 10 percent of those
diagnosed with diabetes have this type.
• With type 1 diabetes, the pancreas
produces little to no insulin
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Previously called "adult onset diabetes.“
Ninety percent of those with diabetes have
type 2 diabetes.
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type 2 diabetes has been reported among U.S. children
and adolescents
Approximately 80 percent of people with type 2
diabetes are overweight.
Your body either resists the effects of insulin
or doesn't produce enough insulin to
maintain a normal blood sugar level.
Diabetes
What do you do?
• Low Blood sugar?
– What can you give
them?
– Will this be useful in
your kits?
Saving a Knocked-Out
Tooth
• Pick up tooth by the crown (the
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chewing surface) not the root.
Keep tooth moist at all times.
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The tooth must not be left outside the mouth to dry. If
it cannot be replaced in the socket, put it in one of the
following:
Emergency tooth preservation kit
Milk
Mouth (next to cheek)
• Regular tap water is not
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recommended for long-term
storage because the root surface
cells do not tolerate water for
long periods of time.
See an endodontist or the nearest
available dentist within 30
minutes.
Severe Allergies
• Allergy symptoms depend on
your particular allergy
• They involve the airways,
sinuses and nasal passages,
skin, and digestive system.
• Allergic reactions can range
from mild to severe.
– In some severe cases, allergies
can trigger a life-threatening
reaction in your body known as
anaphylaxis.
• Epi-Pen
Burns
• 1st-degree burn
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The least serious burns are those in
which only the outer layer of skin is
burned, but not all the way through.
The skin is usually red
Often there is swelling
Pain sometimes is present
• 2nd-degree burn
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When the first layer and second layer
of skin has been burned
Blisters develop
Skin takes on an intensely reddened,
splotchy appearance
There is severe pain and swelling.
• Cool the burn.
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Hold the burned area under cool (not
cold) running water for 10 or 15
minutes or until the pain subsides
Don't put ice on the burn.
• Cover the burn with a sterile
gauze bandage.
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Bandaging keeps air off the burn,
reduces pain and protects blistered
skin.
• Take an over-the-counter pain
reliever.
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These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil,
Motrin, others), naproxen (Aleve) or
acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).
Bloody Nose
• To stop a nosebleed
– Remain calm.
• Sit up straight.
• Lean your head forward.
Tilting your head back will only
cause you to swallow the
blood.
• Pinch the nostrils together with
your thumb and index finger.
• Spit out any blood in your
mouth. Swallowing it may
make you vomit.
Shock
Shock
• Shock may result from trauma,
heatstroke, blood loss, an allergic
reaction, severe infection,
poisoning, severe burns or other
causes.
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The skin is cool and clammy. It
may appear pale or gray.
The pulse is weak and rapid.
The person may be nauseated.
The eyes lack luster and may
seem to stare.
The person may be conscious or
unconscious
Treatment
• Call 911
• Have the person lie down and
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elevate the victims feet.
Check for signs of circulation
(breathing, coughing or
movement)
Keep the person warm and
comfortable
Turn the person on his or her side
to prevent choking if the person
vomits or bleeds from the mouth.
Stroke & Heart Attack
Heart Attack
Stroke
• Symptoms include:
• Symptoms include:
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Pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing or
aching sensation in your chest or arms that may
spread to your neck, jaw or back)
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Shortness of breath
Sweating or a cold sweat
Feelings of anxiety or an impending
sense of doom
• Call 911
• Begin CPR
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Trouble with walking.
Trouble with speaking and
understanding..
Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm
or leg. One or both sides
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Ask the victim to smile
• Call 911 IMMEDIATELY
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The longer you wait the more brain
damage
Supplies for your First Aid Kit
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Ace bandage
Adhesive tape
Alcohol wipe
Anti-bacterial hand gel
Antibiotic ointment or cream
Antiseptic wipes
Tongue depressor
Band-Aids (approximately 10 of them)
Nose plugs
Cotton balls
Cotton swabs
Gauze Pads
Hydrocortisone cream (anti-itch)
Ice bag
Hydrogen peroxide
Eye drops
Fingernail clippers
Scissors
Tweezers
Vinyl gloves
First Aid Kit