SÜLEYMAN ŞAH UNIVERSITY
FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT
B2 Module 4
Worksheet 2, Week 2
18th April, 2014
Name-Surname:
………………………………..
PART I: LISTENING
A. Listen and answer the questions. Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C.
1. How many nations are involved in the ISS?
A 5
B 15
C 20
2. How much should the ISS have cost to build?
A $ 8 billion
B $ 120 billion
C $ 128 billion
3. How is the water supply maintained on board?
A by using very little B by transporting water from Earth C by recycling all the water
B. Listen and answer the questions as you listen.
Choose THREE letters A-G.
Which THREE areas of research will take place on the ISS?
What sort of words might I hear?
A solar energy
E studies in weightlessness
……solar panels………………….
B plant cultivation
F psychology
……………………………………..
C mapping
G nutrition
……………………………………..
D weather patterns
……………………………………..
………………………………………
Fruitful Drinking
It's what tomatoes everywhere have been thirsting afteı
A smart irrigation sensor that gives plants only as much to
drink as they need can increase tomato yields by more than 40
per cent. The sensor has been developed by Yehoshua Sharon
and Ben-ami Bravdo at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's
Faculty of Agriculture in Rehovot, Israel. The researchers say
that their system not only increases the yield of crops, but it
also dramatically reduces water usage — by up to 60 per cent
for some crops.
At the heart of the system is an electronic sensor that clips
onto a plant leaf and measures its thickness to an accuracy of 1
micrometre. 'A leaf's thickness is dependent on the amount of
water in a plant,' says Sharon. 'A healthy leaf is 60 per cent
water.' A thin leaf is a sure sign that the plant is suffering
stress because it is thirsty, and stress is bad for yields.
The sensor consists of two plates, one fixed and the other
spring-loaded, which together grip the leaf. The moving plate is
connected to a small computer that regulates the voltage in an
electrical circuit. As the leaf's thickness changes, the plate
moves, causing a change in the voltage. This signal is fed to a
processor that adjusts the plant's water supply.
Unlike conventional irrigation systems, which water crops
periodically, the Israeli system waters the plants continuously,
but adjusts the flow to the plant's needs. 'The idea is to give
the plant the proper amount of water at the correct time,
according to what the plant requires,' says Sharon.
Field studies show the system increases the
yields of several crops while reducing
consumption of water. Yields of grapefruit
increased by 15 per cent while needing 40 per
cent less water. For peppers, the yield rose by 5
per cent while water usage fell by 60 per cent.
Tomato plants yielded 40 per cent more fruit
while consuming 35 per cent less water.
'It is an interesting idea,' says John Sadler, a
soil scientist at the US government's
Agricultural Research Service in Florence,
South Carolina. 'Other researchers have
measured stress by measuring a plant's
temperature or stern thickness. But I haven't
heard of anyone doing irrigation at such a
refined level,' he says.
But Sadler is a little surprised by the figures
for water savings. 'They would depend on the
technique you're comparing these results
with,' he says. Sharon says the savings are
based on comparisons with the Israeli
government's recommendations for irrigating
crops.
He admits that the system has to be very
reliable if it is to be effective. 'Because the
plants are watered continuously they are more
susceptible to sudden changes in water supply,'
he says. 'This means our system has to operate
very reliably.'
The researchers have founded a company
called Leafsen to sell the new irrigation
system, and they hope to start marketing it
within the next few months.
New Scientist
Take 12 minutes to answer the questions below.
Questions 1-7
A. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the
passage for each answer.
1. What is the main part of the researchers' irrigation system?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. How often do traditional irrigation systems water plants?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Which crop showed the highest increase in yield during field studies?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. How much less water did the peppers take up?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
5 & 6 What two features of plants
have previous
researchers used to assess stress? 7 From which organisation
will farmers be able to buy the new system?
……………………………………………………………………
Label the diagram below.
B. Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.
11 ............... — controls water supply to plants
10..............................— monitors electrical circuit
8 .................. used to calculate 9 ......... of leaf
Vocabulary builder
You need to be able to use and recognise words in their different forms.
C. Complete the sentences below using a different form of the words in the box. You
may need to add or delete a prefıx or suffıx.
irrigation
yields
agriculture
rely
health
adjust
consumption
measure
recommend
operate
fruit
marketing
1. The article describes recent ...................................... studies that have taken place in Israel.
2. Farmers are always keen to ensure that their crops..................................... more fruit.
3. How soil is ................................. depends upon the available technology
and local
water supplies.
4. Some plants .................................. more water during growth than others.
5. If a plant has thin leaves, it is probably stressed and ...................................
6. The processor in the system makes small ...................................... to the plants' water
supply.
7. Temperature ................................. have been used in the past to assess a
plant's stress
levels.
8. The Israeli government makes ...................................... about how much water can be used
on crops.
9. The system has to be ...................................... because sudden changes in water supply
could harm the plants.
10. The system will shortly go into ...................................
11. The success of the product will depend on how well it is ................................
12. All in all, the research done on irrigation has proved to be very ..................................
READING TEXT II
Answer the questions according to the reading article
Women Taking the Husband's Name
Many women in Western society, aware of the power of names to influence identity, are
aware that choosing how to identify themselves alter marriage can be a significant decision.
They may follow the tradition of taking their husband's last name, hyphenate their own name
and their husband's, or keep their birth name. One fascinating survey reveals that a woman's
choice is likely to reveal a great deal about herself and her relationship with her husband.
Women who take their husband's name place the most importance on relationships.
On the other hand, women who keep their birth names put their personal concerns
ahead of relationships and social expectations. Female forms of address influence others'
perceptions as well. Research conducted in the late 1980s showed that women who choose the
title Ms give the impression of being more achievement oriented, socially self-confident, and
dynamic but less interpersonally warm than counterparts who prefer the more traditional
forms Miss or Mrs.
1. According to the passage, women who take their husband's name ----.
A) are achievement oriented
B) give importance to their relationship
C) are considered somewhat selfish by others
D) are usually the dominant partner in the marriage
E) don't like to be called by the title Ms
2. We conclude from the passage that the names and titles women choose after
getting married ----.
A) actually reveal a lot about themselves
B) concern others, especially their husbands, a great deal
C) have nothing to do with how women perceive their relationships with their
husbands
D) have caused a great concern in Western societies since 1980s
E) show whether they are successful or not
3. It is stated in the passage that women who use the title Ms ----.
A) are generally very warm and sensitive
B) tend to be traditional in their outlook regarding marriage
C) like to show that they are more achievement oriented
D) are somewhat considered as selfish by others
E) are the ones who use both their husband's and their own last name together
PART III: VOCABULARY
A) Read the text below and decide which word A, B, C or D best fits each
space.There is an example at the beginning (0).
Couch-potatoes are getting fatter
An important (0)__C___ has recently confirmed a (1) ___ national stereotype - people in the
USAare fat. The researchers (2) ___ out that a third of people in the USA are more than 20%
above their (3) ___ weight; Twenty years ago the (4) ___ of over-weight adults was about one
in four. Amongyoung people the figures are even more (5) ___ .The research is a poor
advertisement for the slimming industry in the United States which (6) ___ $40 billion on
marketing diet products every year. This (7) ___ in the country's waistline is the (8) ___ of an
increasingly inactive lifestyle and the fact that food is (9) ___ available all day. The USfood
industry produces 3,700 calories per day for every US citizen, but a woman's energy (10)
___ is half of that, and a man can easily live (11) ___ 2,500 calories.The experts say that
television, use of cars and the (12) ___ of compulsory physical education inschools have all
(13) ___ down the activity (14) ___ of people in the USA, and this situation is (15) ___ even
worse by people's habit of eating more while they are watching television.
0. A)composition
1. A)normal
2. A)brought
3. A)ideal
4. A)measure
5. A)worrying
6. A)empties
B)research
B)common
B)gave
B)happy
B)proportion
B)anxious
B)costs
C)study
C)ordinary
C)turned
C)top
C)part
C)annoying
C)spends
D)inspection
D)average
D)found
D)real
D)size
D)concerned
D)passes
7. A)growing
8. A)result
9. A)gradually
10. A)want
11. A)on
12. A)end
13. A)come
14. A)amount
15. A)brought
B)building
B)answer
B)partly
B)request
B)by
B)finish
B)got
B)level
B)done
C)add
C)end
C)easily
C)need
C)through
C)last
C)cut
C)degree
C)held
D)increase
D)reason
D)surely
D)wish
D)above
D)close
D)let
D)height
D)made
B) Match the words a-h with their definitions 1-8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Neutral
____
Tend
____
Visualize
____
Feature
____
Investment ____
Minimize
____
Remove
____
Potential
___
(v) to form a picture in your mind.
(v) to take away or get rid of something.
(v) to be usual or likely to happen.
(adj) possible
(adj) in the middle, not one side or the other.
(v) to reduce or decease something you don’t want.
(n) something that you put money into believing that it will help you later.
(v) to point something out as important.
C) Choose the correct words from the box below to complete the sentences
pedestrians
focus
promoted
sophisticated
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
urban
individuals
concept
The cars must watch out for __________________ crossing the road.
Istanbul has ________________ public transport.
It is easy to find busses in ____________ areas.
Electric cars and buses is a new _____________ for many people.
More and more clean-energy ideas are being _____________in the transport industry.
Good transport is every _______________ right.
When you’re driving a car it’s important to_______________ on the road.
PART IV: USE OF ENGLISH
A) Rewrite these sentences in the passive voice.
1. They sell oysters in the shop next door.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. They haven’t delivered the food yet.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Shakespeare wrote King Lear.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. They have to answer the questions on this sheet.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Has anybody put the cases upstairs?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Someone should take this rubbish away.
___________________________________________________________________________
7. They’ll ask you a lot of questions.
___________________________________________________________________________
8. Someone’s going to send her some flowers.
___________________________________________________________________________
9. They have offered Sarah a very good job.
___________________________________________________________________________
10. The estate agent showed the house to the young people.
___________________________________________________________________________
GET & The Passive Voice
Is the following sentence in the active or passive voice?
I get paid every two weeks.
Is the following sentence in the active or passive voice?
My backpack got stolen.
Active Voice
My company
pays
me every two weeks.
Passive Voice
I
am paid
every two weeks.
company)
(by my
Passive Voice
I
get paid
every two weeks.
company)
(by my
Examples
Explanation
In conversation, we sometimes use get instead
of be with the passive.
Actors get paid a lot of money.
I don't like violent movies. A lot of
people get shot and killed.
get paid = are paid
get shot = are shot
get killed = are killed
You usually omit (delete) the agent after the
passive get.
Compare:
He was shot by a gang.
He got shot three times.
How much do get paid a month?
I didn't get paid on time.
When get is used with the passive voice,
questions and negatives are formed with do,
does, did, and other auxiliaries. Be is not used
with get.
Wrong: She wasn't get paid last Friday.
She got hired for the job.
He got laid off last month.
Get is frequently used with: killed, injured,
wounded, paid, hired, fired, laid off
B) Please change the active sentences to the passive voice first using BE and then using
GET.
1.Active Voice: He left as soon as he packed his suitcases.
Passive Voice with BE: _______________________________________
Passive Voice with GET: ______________________________________
2. Active Voice: I was in an accident, but nothing hurt me.
Passive Voice with BE: _______________________________________
Passive Voice with GET: ______________________________________
3. Active Voice: Did someone invite you to the party?
Passive Voice with BE: ________________________________________
Passive Voice with GET: ______________________________________
C ) Rewrite these sentences using have or get.
1. The mechanic changed the oil in my car.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. The hairdresser cut my hair in a completely different style.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. A decorator has repainted our house.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. A friend of mine, who´s an electrician, is going to repair my DVD player next week.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. My jacket is being cleaned at a specialist cleaner´s.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. The town hall has just been rebuilt for the council.
_______________________________________________________________________
D) Match a word from 1-8 with something that is done by that person or in that
place. Then make sentences using all the information and the verb in brackets.
You may have to change the words or add new ones. An example is given.
1. hairdresser´s
vaccinate dogs ( have)
2. optician´s
do annual accounts ( have)
3. dentist´s
service cars ( get)
4. doctor´s
test eyes ( have)
5. vet´s
design new houses ( have)
6. garage
cut hair ( get)
7. architect
take out teeth ( have)
8. accountant
take blood pressure
Example:
1. Tomorrow I´m going to the hairdresser´s to get my hair cut.
2. Yesterday…
3. This afternoon…
4. Last week…
5. Next Saturday…
6. The day before yesterday…
7. Last year…
8. Next week
E. Choose the correct answer below to fill the gap.
1. They ________________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure.
a) may
b) can
2. He ________________ be French, judging by his accent.
a) could
b) can
3. They ________________ still be out!
a) can't
b) may not
4. With luck, tomorrow ________________ be a sunny day.
a) can
b) could
5. You ________________ be right but I'm going to check anyway.
a) might
b) can
6. The exam ________________ be easy. You never know.
a) might
b) can
7. It ________________ be true about a sauropod dinosaur living in Lake Telé in the
Congo. It's impossible.
a) can
b) can't
8. Dave reckons she's from The States but I think she ________________ be from
Scandinavia.
a) might
b) can
9. I ________________ go to the party but I'm not sure yet.
a) can
b) might
10. This ________________ be the right answer but we'll have to check with your
teacher to make sure.
a) could
b) can
11. She ________________ steal things from shops. She's rich and famous.
a) could
b) can't
12. I really think Real Madrid ________________ lose the final of the King's Cup.
a) can
b) could
13. She's been revising 10 hours a day for 3 weeks. She ________________ be
exhausted.
a) must
b) can
14. Nobody's answering. They ________________ be out.
a) can
b) must
15. He ________________ be from the USA. He doesn't speak English.
a) may
b) can't
F. Choose the correct modal to complete the sentence.
1. Our son promised to clean his room, but it is still messy. He ___________________
a) couldn't have cleaned it.
b) can't clean it.
c) cannot clean it.
d) couldn't to have cleaned it.
2. The twins have guilty expressions on their faces. They ______________________
a) must have done something naughty.
b) must do something naughty.
c) might have done something naughty.
d) might do something naughty.
3. My plants are dead. I ____________________
a) can't have given them enough water.
b) must give them more water.
c) couldn't give them enough water.
d) can't not have given them enough water.
4. Look! Our car isn't in the driveway! Somebody _______________
a) must be stealing it.
b) must have stolen it.
c) could have stolen it.
d) might have stolen it.
5. The hockey player's injury kept him out of the Stanley Cup Playoffs. He ____________
a) must have been disappointing.
b)must have been disappointment.
c) might have been disappointed.
d) must have been disappointed.
6. Betty said she was hungry, but she didn't eat very much after all. She ______________
a) couldn't have liked the food.
b) can't like the food.
c) couldn't like the food.
d) couldn't have been hungry.
7. My white shirt now has green streaks in it. I ________________
a) must not have not washed it properly.
b)can't have washed it properly.
c) must to wash it properly.
d) can't wash it properly.
8. Paul's class starts at 8:30. It's 8:45 and he's not here yet. He _____________
a) must have missed the bus.
b) might have missed the bus.
c) must have been sick.
d) must be sick.
9. My friend promised to pick me up at 7:00. It's now 7:25 and I don't see him. He _______
a) must have forgotten.
b) might be forgetting.
c) might forget.
d) might have forgotten.
10. I don't know why he hasn't called me back. He __________________
a) might have forgotten my number.
b) might be forgetting my number.
c) might forget my number.
d) must have forgotten my number.
PART V: CLOZE TEST
A.
In the pharmacetutical industry, vaccines have long been poor stepsisters to big, glamorous
drugs. Immunization campaigns have worked wonders, (1)—scourges such as polio. (2)—
annual global sales of vaccines have fallen off nduring (3)—years and the number of major
companies (4) – them has shrunk from 20 in the 1980s to just 4. This is a sure sign that it
(5)—an economic business to be in.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a) committing b) pulling down c) wiping out d) interfering with e) exposing
a) Yet
b) Consequently c) Apparently d) As far as e) Regarding
a) present
b) contemporary
c) latter
d) recent
e) final
a) to sell
b) having sold
c) to be selling d) to have sold
e) selling
a) didn’t have to be b) hasn’t been c) wouldn’t be d) didn’t use to be e) shouldn’t be
B.
In Britain, firemen have been on partial strike for months, demanding a huge pay increase
(1)—bitterly resisting changes to their working conditions. Tony Blair’s labour government
has watched with (2)—alarm as a series of elections has put militant leaders (3)—the top jobs
at some of the biggest unions. In April, Kevin Curran (4)—the more moderate John Edmonds
as leader of the GMB, Britain’s fourth-largest union; and in May a left-winger defeated the
(5)—favoured by the Labor Party for the leadership of the powerful T & G union.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a) when
b) while
c) for
d) as
e) whether
a) some
b) any
c) such
d) an
e) as
a) over
b) up
c) past
d) into
e) by
a) succeeding b) has succeeded c) would succeed d)having succeeded e) succeeded
a) candidate
b) applicant
c) nominee
d) client
e) participant
C. Circle the correct answer for each blank.
A driving instructor dies in a road accident near Oxford while he (1)_________a lesson to a
learner.
Mr. Tony Carter of Market Street, Oxford, was in the passenger seat of a Metro car when it
(2)________into a lorry on the A 361. Mr. Carter, 34, a married man with two children, was
the sixty-ninth person to die (3)________Oxford shire’s roads so far this year. The accident
happened at 2.30 p.m. Last Thursday, when Mr. Caters Metro, driven (4)_________17-year
old Wayne Easton, of Iffley Road, Oxford, was turning right at a crossroads. The car hit a
Mercedes lorry (5)________was travelling in the opposite direction. Mr. Easton was taken to
the John Radeliffe (6)________, Oxford, where his condition was described as satisfactory.
He has (7)_______gone home. The lorry driver, Mr. Ron Tubbs, of Queen Street, Abingdon,
was (8)________. “There was no signal,” said Mr Tubbs.” “I didn’t know he was going to
turn right, (9)________I just kept going straight ahead as normal.” Police (10)________talk
to the driver of a red and white coach which was traveling behind the lorry at the time of the
accident.
1. a) gave
b) was given
c) was giving
d) had given
2. a) was crashed
b) had crashed
c) was crashing
d) crashed
3. a) on
b) by
c) from
d) in
4. a) by
b) of
c) from
d) through
5. a) which
b) whom
c) this
d) who
6. a) Hotel
b) Garage
c) School
d) Hospital
7. a) after
b) next
c) then
d) since
8. a) unhurt
b) unusual
c) unhappy
d) uninterested
9. a) too
b) so
c) very
d) as
10. a) want
b) like
c) would like
d) would like to