Mobile Positioning
E-911 & LBS
Bikash Saha
EUS HUB Manager (MPS/LBS)
972.583.5865
bikash.saha@ericsson.com
1
04/22/02
Agenda
• Drivers
• E-911 Mandate
• MPS for GSM
* Positioning Technologies
* Architecture
• Ericsson Solution
– Roadmap
– Design and Verification Procedure
• Why Ericsson MPS
2
04/22/02
Drivers
3
04/22/02
USA’s FCC Regulation: E-911 Ph2
Wireless Internet
4
04/22/02
E-911 Mandate
5
04/22/02
Phase II Accuracy Standards

For Handset-Based Solutions:
* 50 meters for 67 percent of Calls
* 150 meters for 95 percent of calls

For Network-Based Solutions:
* 100 meters for 67 percent of calls
* 300 meters for 95 percent of calls
6
04/22/02
Recent FCC Actions

Request for Relief
* Over the past few years, carriers have been asserting
the need for relief from E-911 rules
* FCC set forth standard for carriers seeking relief:
>Plan that is specific, focused, and limited in scope
>As close as possible to full compliance
>Clear path to full compliance
7
04/22/02
Recent FCC Actions

Approval of Compliance Plans
* 10/5/01: FCC approved, with conditions and
modifications, revised implementation plans of five
nationwide wireless carrier
>Nextel, Sprint, Verizon and GSM portion of AT&T Wireless
and Cingular networks
>Sixth nationwide carrier VoiceStream had their plan
approved year before
>Plans contain specific schedules and benchmark
>Quarterly reports required to monitor compliance
>Move to enforcement mode
8
04/22/02
Points of Concern
Delay in reaching interim benchmarks towards full
compliance.

Some uncertainty about manufacturers producing
necessary equipment in timely fashion.


ILEC issues.

Funding for PSAPs.
Still a long road before end-to-end systems are
operational throughout the country.

9
04/22/02
Going forward
The tragedies of September 11 give a new sense of urgency to
the rollout of wireless E911. More than ever, mobiles phone have
become indispensable tools for calling for help and for delivering
help.

The
future of location technology is strong
*As
deployment proceeds, technology and system-wide performance will
improve.
*Customers
increasingly will insist on having it available (like air bags and
seatbelts in cars).
*Commercial
location-based services will add to customer value and
carrier revenue
But to get to the future, those involved-- including the FCC-will have to redouble efforts to see that the promise of this life
saving technology is fulfilled

10
04/22/02
Mobile Positioning System (MPS)
11
04/22/02
Mobile Positioning System Overview -GSM
AGPS
Yellow
Pages
Internet
API
Mobile
Network
WAP
Cell/Sector
ID/Timing
Advance
PSAP
O/M Center
Billing Center
Customer Administration Center
12
E-OTD
04/22/02
E-911 Phase 2 CAS Push Wireless Emergency Call - GSM
S/R
MSC
LEC
ESNE
Ai, Di
BSSMAP Complete Layer 3
[CM Service Request]
BSSMAP Perform Location Ack
BSSMAP Perform Location
Gateway
MLC
PSAP
ESME
ALI DB
BSS
MS
Serving
MLC
SMLC Location
determines the positioning
BSSMAP Perform
method and instigates the messages
BSSMAP Perform
Location
for the
specificAck
positioning method
CM Service Request Call Setup IAM [CgPN = callback#, GDP=ESRD, CGL=lat/long
13
04/22/02
E-911 Phase 2 NCAS Pull Wireless Emergency Call - GSM
Initial position already available in GMLC
S/R
MSC
LEC
ESNE
Ai, Di
BSSMAP Complete Layer 3
Gateway
[CM Service Request]
MLC
BSSMAP Perform Location Ack
BSSMAP Perform Location MAP Subscriber Location Report
MAP Subscriber Location Report Ack
PSAP
ESME
ALI DB
BSS
MS
Serving
MLC
SMLC Location
determines
the positioning
BSSMAP
MAP Subscriber
Perform
Location
Report
MAP
Subscriber
Location
Ack ESPOSREQ [callback# or ESRK, INITIAL]
and instigates
theReport
messages
[MSISDN,method
IMSI, MSC
address, ESRD,
ESRK, CALL RELEASE]
BSSMAP Perform
Location
esposreq [initial lat/long]
for the
specificAck
positioning method
Setup
CM Service Request CallCall
Release
14
04/22/02
Mobile Positioning System - GSM
15
04/22/02
SMLC
GSM LCS Architecture
SMLC
LMU
Type A
Lp
Um
HLR
Lb(BSS)
Ls(NSS)
Um
A
Abis
MS
BTS/
LMU B
Lg
BSC
MSC/
VLR
Abis
LMU
Type B
Lh
Le
Gateway
MLC
External
LCS Client
Lg
Other
PLMN
16
GMLC
04/22/02
Positioning Methods in GSM

Cell- ID and Timing Advance (CGI+TA)
– Network based method

Network Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
– Terminal based method

Enhanced Observed Time Difference (E-OTD)
– Terminal based method

Uplink Time-Of-Arrival (UL-TOA)
– Network based method
17
04/22/02
Cell-ID and Timing Advance




Based on existing CGI and
TA
Default/Fallback
Positioning Method
Used to assist other
positioning mechanisms
Accuracy depends on cell
size and MS distance from
cell
18
04/22/02
E-OTD
LMU
LMU
19
Time of Arrival
information is
collected by
the MS
04/22/02
E-OTD
Real Time Difference
information is collected by
the LMU
LMU
LMU
20
Observed Time
Difference(OTD)
information is
collected by the
MS
04/22/02
E-OTD
Real Time Difference
information is collected by
the LMU
OTD and RTD
information is
transmitted to the
network
LMU
PLMN
LMU
21
Observed Time
Difference (OTD)
information is
collected by the MS
04/22/02
E-OTD MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
-
+
 Only small software modifications in
the MS needed
 LMUs have to be placed between
every 1-3 base stations
 Utilises existing capabilities of the
GSM network
 Cost of network upgrade
 Accuracy between 50 and 300 m
22
04/22/02
A-GPS
GPS Assist information
collected by the network
PLMN
23
04/22/02
A-GPS
GPS Assist information
collected by the network
Network assist information is
transmitted to the MS
PLMN
24
04/22/02
A-GPS
GPS Assist information
collected by the network
Network assist information is
transmitted to the MS
GPS position fix is
determined by the
MS (with network
assistance)
PLMN
25
04/22/02
A-GPS
GPS Assist information
collected by the network
Network assist information is
transmitted to the MS
GPS position information is
transmitted to the network
GPS position fix is
determined by the
MS (with network
assistance)
PLMN
26
04/22/02
Assisted GPS variants

MS based GPS
– Give full assistance data to MS
– Perform Position calculation in MS
– Greater MS complexity

MS assisted GPS
– Provide limited assistance data
– Return TDOA values
– Perform Position calculation in the network
– More signaling, no stand-alone position
27
04/22/02
A-GPS MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
-
+
 Lower power consumption than GPS
 Additional HW +SW in the MS
 Fast Time-To-First-Fix (TFF)
 A few DGPS reference receivers
needed
 Accuracy down to 10m
 Allows for navigation
 Limited indoor coverage (GPS has
no indoor coverage)
 Fall back solutions in comparison to
GPS
28
04/22/02
GSM POSITIONING METHODS - RELATIVE ACCURACIES
A-GPS
CGI+TA
GPS
CGI.
E-OTD
Rural
Suburban
Urba
n
City
Indoor
1
3
10
30
100
300
1K
3K
10K
30K
Accuracy (meters)
29
04/22/02
SERVICE DESCRIPTON
GMLC
PLMN
MS
MO-LR
MT-LR
NI-LR
MT-LR
MO-LR
NI-LR
Mobile Terminating Location Request
Mobile Originating Location Request
Network Induced Location Request
30
04/22/02
EXAMPLES OF SERVICES
MT-LR
NI-LR
MO-LR
Information
Tracking
Games
FriendFinder
BikeFinder
BrandFinder
E911, E112
Dynamic call routing
Home Zone Billing
Navigation
Real time
advertisment
Radio Network
Planning
31
04/22/02
Positioning Methods in UMTS

Cell Id

Cell Id + RTT (Round Trip Time)

OTDOA with/without IPDL

Assisted GPS
32
04/22/02
Ericsson Solution
33
04/22/02
A-GPS
MPS-G Roadmap
E-OTD /// LMUs
Type A
Single
Cell TA
Ericsson
Networks
Single
Cell TA/ATI
GSM 98/99
Compliant
BSS-Centric
Single
Cell TA
E-OTD /// LMUs
Type A and Type B
Single
Cell TA
MPS-G 3.0
MPS-G 4.0
MPS-G 5 Lite
MPS-G 5.0 Full
In Service
GSM R8.0
GA Q1 02
GSM R9.0
GA Q2 02
GSM R9.0
October, 2002
GSM R9.1
34
04/22/02
Design and Verification Procedure
35
04/22/02
Summary of Network Impacts on Positioning
Accuracy
• Timing delays due to multipath and distributed components
• Cell size versus accuracy targets and traffic distribution
• Relative base station location and MS-BTS location
• BCCH and BSIC planning and adequate C/I(MS & LMU)
• Neighbor definitions and positioning considerations
•Mobile Station assistance Data
36
04/22/02
System Prerequisites for E-OTD
• Each cell seen by at least 1 LMU
• RXLev at LMU Antenna connector >= -110 dBm
• C/I at LMU >= 10 dB
• C/A (200 kHz) >= -8 dB
• C/A (400 kHz) >= -41 dB
• Mean excess delay for LMU is assumed to be 0.15 s
• GDOP between 1 and 1.5
• BTS coordinates known in three dimensions within 5-10 m
37
04/22/02
Network Recommendations to Meet Positioning
Accuracy Targets
Actions will be investigated in order increasing cost and complexity.
• BSIC Replanning
• BCCH Frequency Plan Retune
• Changes to Certain RN Features (HCS, Cell Load Sharing, etc.)
• Modifications to existing sites (antennas, output power, etc.)
• Site Additions in Certain Areas
38
04/22/02
Core Network Design - GMPC and SMPC
Dimensioning
SMPC
LMU
HLR
Lb
Ls
Type A
Lh
A
Lg
Abis
GMPC
External LCS client
LMU
Type B

The number of and location of all MPS-G nodes

All MPS-G node interconnections to the BSC and LMUs

Link dimensioning

Throughput and delay calculations

Redundancy

The impact, if any, of additional links and traffic on the existing GSM nodes.

Comprehensive core network diagram.
GMPC
39
Other
PLMN
04/22/02
INPUT
Design and Verification Process
Carrier Input
Site Survey, Evaluation
& Measurements
DESIGN
3rd Best Serving Site
Coverage Analysis
GDOP Analysis
Initial LMU Design and Required
Network Changes
LMU BTS List
Implementation of Network
Changes
[Carrier Responsibility]
Update of LMU Design
LMU-A/BTS SMS Dimensioning
G/SMPC Dimensioning
Parameter Settings
Preparation
40
04/22/02
Design and Verification Process (cont’d)
VERIFICATION
Installation and Integration of Equipment
Positioning Verification
Installation and
Integration of Additional
Equipment
[If Necessary]
Positioning Re-Verification
[If Necessary}
Verification Report
Not part of design or verification process
Involves field work
Acceptance
Analysis activities
Design and dimensioning activities
41
04/22/02
Why Ericsson MPS
42
04/22/02
End-to-end solution
Devices /
Terminals
Network
Systems
Applications
MPC
and Content
Design &
Verification
Consulting /
Integration
!
43
04/22/02
MPS references

26 commercial contracts already signed (As of today))

4 contracts signed in US from 3 major operators for MPS
solution both in
 GSM
(GMPC, SMPC/PDE, LMU-A/B and SW upgrade for the
other nodes in Core network as well as access network) &
 TDMA

~5 trials

~3 Letters of Intent
44
04/22/02
Complete Solutions from Ericsson
 Location Technology & Roadmap
 Mobile Positioning System (TDMA, GSM, UMTS)
 Basic and high location accuracy
 Roadmap for the future
 Presence in all LCS standard activities
 Location Based Applications
 Ericsson together with Partners
 Service Enabling Products
 WAP Gateway, Middleware, WAP Application Server, etc.
 Services
 Design & Verification
 Integration, installation, training etc.
 Branding, pricing, etc.
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04/22/02