2.5/2.6/2.7
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Virtual Reality presents a world in 3d space
Regular input devices such as a mouse only
has 2 degrees of movement when 6 is needed
for true VR freedom.
Aircrafts use controls that function in 3d
space
◦ Many games and desktop virtual reality use similar
controls
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3d Mouse
◦ Does not function only on a table top
◦ You can move:
 Up and down angle (Pitch)
 Left and right orientation (Yaw)
 Twist on axis(Roll)
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Dataglove
◦ Used on high end VR systems
◦ Uses optical fibers in the glove to detect movement
of the joints in the hand
◦ Also uses ultrasound sensors to determine 3D
positional space
◦ High expense
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VR helmets
◦ Two purposes
 Display 3D space
 Track user’s head position
◦ Oculus Rift, Sony’s Project Morpheus
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Whole-body tracking
◦ Tracks the different movements of the body
◦ Certain arcade games, special trampolines, 360
treadmills
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Seeing in stereoscopic
◦ Because our eye look at an object from different
angles there are ways to “trick” the mind to see 3D
objects from a 2D surface.
 Two images are show, one to each eye.
 Special glasses are used or special screens.
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3D/VR motion sickness
◦ Occurs when poor display of the image occurs,
confusing the brain and making you sick.
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Simulators and VR Caves
◦ Full immersion experience
 Flight simulators (in cockpit)
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Special Displays
◦ Dials, gauges, lights, LEDS
◦ HUDS (Heads up display)
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Sound outputs
◦ Often used in conjunction with visual outputs
◦ Speech, beeps (and other noises), clicks, rings
◦ Auditory feedback
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Touch, feel and smell
◦ Haptic devices- force, resistance, and texture
◦ Smell- Ability to trigger memory but cant be change
rapidly.
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Generic controls
◦ Keyboard
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Dedicated controls
◦ Microwave controls, washing machine dials
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Infrared, movement, GPS, weight sensors
Speech sensors
Physiological sensors
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Printing types
◦ Dot Matrix
 Line of pins (similar to a type writer)
◦ Ink jet and bubble jet
 Fires a small jet of ink or heats a bubble for a dot
◦ Laser printer
 Electrosstatic dots are deposited on a drum which rolls
the ink onto a paper and heated.
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Resolution for printing in dots per inch
Printers also vary in speed and cost
Wireless printers
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Fonts
◦ Some printers print in only one “typewriter” style
font
◦ Others are more sophisticated have access to
PostScript (a page description language) which
allows for different font styles, curves, lines, and
scaled bitmap images.
◦ Font has a point size (height), pitch (width) and
shape (determined by name)
◦ Some fonts such as Courier have fixed pitch (same
width.
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Word processors have a requirement in that
they must be “What you see is what you get”
◦ WYSIWYG
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Screen resolution is about 72 dpi while a laser
printer has over dpi.
◦ Different conversions of size and color are used to
print what is on the screen.
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Scanners take what is on paper and put them
on an electronic document.
Scanner types
◦ Flat bed
 On glass plate, page is converted to bitmap
 Can also be pulled through
◦ Handheld
 Same principle but moved by hand
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A scanner head is passed over creating a
bitmap strip
◦ Light is used to shine upon the page and the
reflected light is measured
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Scanners resolutions are between 600 and
2400 dpi
Used extensively in desktop publishing where
cutting and pasting are used often
Also used in storing paper files digitally
Optical character recognition(OCR) is the
process where computers can determine what
characters are on the page.