Teachers Discovering Computers
Integrating Technology in a Changing World
8th Edition
Chapter Five
Technology, Digital Media, and
Curriculum Integration
Chapter Objectives
• Name and define the elements of digital media
• Define and explain curriculum standards and
learning benchmarks
• Explain technology integration, also called
curriculum integration
• Describe the use of computers in computer labs
and media centers versus classroom instruction
• Identify ways in which technology can positively
influence learning
2
Chapter Objectives
• Identify ways to plan for technology integration
• Explain various planning tools and instructional
models
• Describe the steps of the ASSURE Model
• Identify ways to get started using technology at a
new school
• Describe the use of learning centers and
interactive whiteboards
3
What Is Digital Media
• Digital media is defined as those technologies that
allow users to create new forms of interaction,
expression, communication, and entertainment in
a digital format
• Digital media software refers to any computerbased presentation or application software that
uses multimedia elements
• Interactive digital media allows users to move
through information at their own pace
4
What Is Digital Media
• With many digital media applications, you
navigate through the content by clicking or
tapping links
– Text
– Graphics
– Animation
• Audio and video are common components of
digital media
5
Why Are Digital Media Applications
Important for Education?
• Digital media applications (including apps for
mobile devices) are changing the traditional
dynamics of learning in classrooms
– Improve teaching and learning
– Highly effective teaching tools
– Appeals to a variety of learning styles
– Increased retention
– Students are motivated
6
Why Are Digital Media Applications
Important for Education?
7
What is Curriculum?
• The knowledge, skills, and performance standards students are
expected to acquire in particular grade levels
• Plan or written document
8
What is Curriculum?
• Country or state
agencies
9
What is Curriculum?
• Curriculum Standards and Benchmarks
– Curriculum standard
• Defines what a student is expected to know at certain stages
of education
– Benchmark
• Specific, measurable outcome
• Also called a learning objective or learning expectation
10
11
What is Technology Integration?
• Combining of all technology
parts, such as hardware and
software, together with each
subject-related area of
curriculum to enhance
learning
• Establish connections
between subject matter and
the real world
12
What is Technology Integration?
• Curriculum drives technology
13
What is Technology Integration?
• Classroom Integration versus
Computer Labs and Media
Centers
– Computer labs
• A designated classroom
filled with computers
• Teachers schedule time to
use the labs for many
purposes
14
What is Technology Integration?
• Classroom Integration versus
Computer Labs and Media
Centers
– Point of instruction
• Technology in the
classroom at the teachers’
and students’ fingertips
15
What is Technology Integration?
• Classroom Integration versus
Computer Labs and Media
Centers
– Point of instruction
• Teachable moments
16
The Classroom in Action
• Introduction to Mr. Balado’s classroom
– Four student computers and two iPads networked to
the school’s local area network and the World Wide
Web
– Instructional computer with access to the Web and
connected to an interactive whiteboard
– Allows Mr. Balado to access vast amounts of
information
17
The Classroom in Action
18
Integrating Technology into the Curriculum
• Technology can motivate students and increase
class attendance
• Technology must be integrated into the
curriculum
– Identify goals
– Develop innovative ways to teach a diverse population
of learners with different learning styles
19
Changing Instructional Strategies
• Teachers are shifting from being the dispenser of
knowledge to being the facilitator of learning
– Students can accomplish learning with the teachers’
assistance
– Learning is not just storage of knowledge, but includes
problem solving
20
21
Barriers to Technology Integration
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lack of teacher training
Security constraints
Lack of administration support
Limited time for teacher planning
Placement of computers in remote locations
Budget constraints
Lack of high-speed school networks
Basic resistance to change
22
Technology Integration and the Learning Process
• The Learning Process
– Authentic learning
• Instructional activities that demonstrate real-life
connections by associating the concept being taught with
a real-life experience or event
23
Technology Integration and the Learning Process
• The Learning Process
– Participatory learning
• Students become engaged in inquiring, investigating,
reflecting, solving problems, and formulating and answering
questions
– Anchored instruction
• Providing a knowledge base on which students can build
24
Technology Integration and the Learning Process
• The Learning Process
– Problem-based instruction
• Students use the background (anchor) information to solve
complex problems
– Discovery learning
• Inquiry-based method for teaching and learning
25
Technology Integration and the Learning Process
• Technology and the Learning
Process
– Numerous technology tools
to support many types of
instruction and learning
• Example - Primal 3D or
A.D.A.M.
• Allows students to build
cognitive scaffold
• Encourages students to
think in colors, sounds, and
animations
26
Technology Integration and the Learning Process
• Technology and the Learning Process
– Numerous technology tools to support many types of
instruction and learning
• The Web
– Educational equalizer
– Allows children to experience new educational opportunities
– Interaction with others outside of the school
27
28
Technology Integration and the Learning Process
• Technology and the Learning Process
– Numerous technology tools to support many types of
instruction and learning
• Cooperative learning
– Students work in groups to achieve related learning objectives
– Higher-order thinking skills
– Cooperative classroom
• Higher-order thinking skills are the abilities to
solve problems, engage in critical thinking, and
interpret and solve complex issues
29
30
Strategies for Teaching with Technology
• Best strategy is to put the technology in the hands
of trained teachers
• Provide consistent application of technology tools
to support instructional curriculum area
• Careful planning
31
The Role of the School District
• Technology plan
– Outline of procedure for purchasing and maintaining
equipment and software
– Training
– Plans often reviewed every couple of years
32
The Role of the School District
Mentorship program
– Teaming new teachers with experienced teachers
33
Planning for Technology Integration in the Classroom
• Decide on most appropriate
technology to achieve
desired learner outcomes
• Preparing the classroom
environment
34
Planning for Technology Integration in the
Classroom
• One-Computer Classroom
– Maximize effectiveness of one computer
– Record keeping
– Projection screens
– Interactive whiteboard
– Used to introduce topics before taking students to a
computer lab
35
Planning for Technology Integration in the
Classroom
• Two-Computer Classroom
– Develop a strategy to manage both computers
– Many questions determine strategy
• Will both computers have the same hardware, software, and network
access?
• Will one or both computers be connected to the Web?
• Will students rotate through using one or both computers on a daily
basis?
• How much time will each student be allowed on each computer?
• Is it better to have the students work together on projects?
• How are you going to observe your students using the Internet?
• How will you evaluate student learning?
36
Planning for Technology Integration in the
Classroom
• More Than Two Computers
– Arrange classroom into learning centers
– Use planning criteria mentioned previously
37
Planning for Technology Integration in the
Classroom
• Using a Computer Lab and the Media Center
– Advantages
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
One computer per student
Hands-on
Tutorials
Remediation
Cooperative learning
Computer skill instruction
Digital production projects
Internet research
Whole class instruction
Integrated learning systems (ILS)
38
Planning for Technology Integration in the Classroom
• Using A Wireless Mobile Lab
– Portable cart with wireless
notebook computers
– Can be transported from
one classroom to another
39
Planning Lessons with Technology
• Must consider skill levels of students
– Skill assessment survey
40
Planning Lessons with Technology
• KWL Charts
– Instructional planning chart to assist teachers in
identifying student understanding of curriculum
standards and related objectives
• What students Know
• What students Want to know
• What they will Learn
41
Planning Lessons with Technology
42
Instructional Models
• A systematic guide for planning instruction or a
lesson
43
Instructional Models
• The ASSURE Model
– Guide for planning and delivering instruction that
integrates technologies and media into the teaching
process
44
Instructional Models
• The ASSURE Model
– Analyze the learner
– State objectives
– Select Methods, Media,
and Materials
45
Instructional Models
• The ASSURE Model
– Utilizing Methods, Media, and Materials
– Require Learner Participation
– Evaluate and Revise
46
47
Creating and Integrating Digital Media
Presentations
• Many options are available for you and your
students to use digital media authoring software
and to present digital media presentations
– Digital media authoring software, also called
multimedia authoring software, lets you create the
application or presentation by controlling the
placement of text and graphics and the duration of
sounds, video, and animations
• Microsoft PowerPoint
• Apple Keynote
• iLife
48
Creating and Integrating Digital Media
Presentations
49
Creating and Integrating Digital Media
Presentations
• Data projectors
– Most new schools and retrofitted schools include
installed digital data projectors in the ceilings of their
classrooms, labs, and media centers
50
Creating and Integrating Digital Media
Presentations
• Interactive whiteboards
– A popular teaching tool with educators is the
interactive whiteboard (IWB), also called an electronic
whiteboard, which turns a computer and data
projector into a powerful tool for teaching and
learning
• SMART Board
51
Creating and Integrating Digital Media
Presentations
• Student interaction
– Provide opportunities for student interaction with
these technologies on a regular basis
– IWB software
52
Getting Started at a New School
• Information About Technology
– Find out who else in the school uses technology
– Determine if there is a technology committee
• Teacher’s manual
– Determine where to get technology support
53
Getting Started at a New School
• Technology Training
– Does the school offer professional development or inservice training
– Talk to your principal, curriculum resource teacher,
other teachers, or district technology coordinator
54
Getting Started at a New School
• Hardware
– Determine how to obtain additional hardware or
upgrades
– Join the technology committee
– Educational grants
55
Getting Started at a New School
• Software
– Determine what type of software is available
– Check the classroom to see what is already installed
– Special education requirements
– Procedure for obtaining additional software
– Is a state bid list available?
56
Getting Started at a New School
• Other Technologies
– Media specialist can
provide access to other
technologies
– Find a list of materials in
use throughout the district
57
Getting Started at a New School
• Technology Supplies
– Determine procedure for obtaining additional supplies
and parts
58
Putting it All Together
• Creating an Integrated
Learning Environment
– The classroom centers
• Centers, or learning
centers, give you the
opportunity to break your
classroom into many
different types of learning
environments
59
Putting it All Together
• The Classroom Centers
– Mr. Balado classroom
• Seven learning centers
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Discovery computer center
Web search center
Modeling center
Great explorers’ library center
Scanning and photo center
Science center
Digital media project center
60
Putting it All Together
• The Results of Technology
Integration
– Mr. Balado’s results
• Creative projects
• Students were actively
involved
• Higher-level thinking
• Improved self-esteem, selfconfidence, and writing skills
61