TEST DATE: __________
NAME:
Regents Biology
Homework Packet
Unit 15 & 16: Support and Locomotion & Nervous and Endocrine Regulation

Use your Biology by Miller & Levine textbook to complete and help with the following homework
assignments.

(1) Read the assigned pages, (2) Define the vocabulary, and (3) Answer the questions.

Neatness counts. Number the definitions. Write the page and number of the questions. Do your work in
ink or even type the homework. Staple the definitions and questions to the HW packet.

The homework assignment is due the day before the test. We will use the HW packet as a test review.
The completed and corrected HW packet will be collected on the day of the test. Late homework
assignments receive no credit (0). If the assignment is not turned in by the last day of the quarter the
zero grade (0) will change to -5.
Chapter 32: Skeletal,
Muscular, and Integumentary
Systems
Chapter 31: Nervous System
Chapter 34.1 & 34.2:
Endocrine System
Read pgs. 894 - 919
Read pgs. 978 – 987
Read pgs. 920 – 945
Vocabulary
p. 922 Vocab (11)
p. 928 Vocab (8)
p. 935 Vocab (7)
p. 927 #1b
p. 933 #1b
p. 939 #2b, 3a
Regents Review
pgs. 942 – 945
#1 - 28
Vocabulary
p. 896 Vocab (11)
p. 901 Vocab (8)
p. 906 Vocab (3)
p. 909 Vocab (10)
p. 900 #1b, 2a, 4
p. 904 #2b 3
p. 908 #2b
Regents Review
pgs. 916 – 919
#1 – 27
p. 978 Vocab (5)
p. 982 Vocab (8)
p. 981 #1b 3
p. 987 #1c
Regents Review
pgs. 1004 – 1007
#6 – 11, 26 -27
Drug Use and Abuse
A drug is any chemical substance, many of which are used as medicines or as ingredients in
medicines, that has an effect on the mind and/or body. Drugs affect the nervous system and alter a
person's mood, emotions, and the way certain parts of the body function. Stimulants are drugs that
produce a feeling of well-being, alertness, and excitement. Amphetamines and cocaine are examples
of stimulants. Sedatives, depressants, and narcotics slow down the activities of the central nervous
system. They may make people sleepy, relax the muscles, relieve anxiety, and impair judgment.
Alcohol is an example of a common depressant. The depressant effect of alcohol is the cause of
many deaths and injuries from automobile accidents. Hallucinogens ("mind-altering drugs"), such as
LSD and marijuana, change the way people perceive things and impair their judgment and
coordination.
Drug abuse is the deliberate taking of a drug for other than its prescribed medical use and/or
the deliberate taking of a drug that damages people's health or their ability to live normal, productive
lives.
PREVATENCE OF DRUG USE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS
The chart below shows the percent of students who graduated from a U.S. high school in a recent
year who used a variety of drugs during a 30-day period. Use the information given to answer the
questions that follow.
1. What percent of the high school seniors in your region who graduated that year used marijuana?
2. Which three drugs were used most by students who planned to graduate from college?
3. Using the information in the table, complete a bar graph that shows the use of the following drugs
among the high school seniors who graduated that year: tranquilizers, alcohol, nicotine (from
cigarettes), stimulants, and marijuana. For each drug, prepare two bars, one for girls and the other for
boys.
4. Which drugs did girls use more than boys?
Support and Locomotion
Why do organisms move?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cell Locomotion: Name cell and Form of Locomotion
1.
2.
3.
Human Locomotion:
Bones: hard mineral laden connective tissue.
1. ___________________ framework for internal organs and tissues.
2. Blood cells are produced in the ___________________.
3. ___________________ the internal organs.
4. Provides ___________________ for body movement.
5. ___________________ sites for muscle action.
6. The bones also __________ minerals.
Joints: the area where bones meet.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cartilage: tough, fibrous, elastic connective tissue; usually found in joints and the ends of bones.
(1) Pliable support (2) Flexibility of joints (3) Cushioning of joints (4) Cartilage makes up most of the
embryo's skeleton. Most of this cartilage changes to bone by adulthood.
Ligaments:
Tendons:
Muscles: only body tissue able to contract; create movement by flexing and extending joints (flexor – extensor
pairs); body energy converters (many muscle cells contain many mitochondria).
1. _________________: (involuntary) "viscera”;
smooth in appearance, involuntary in action;
slowly contracting but contractions are long in
duration; lines blood vessels, alimentary canal, and
body openings.
2. _________________: (voluntary, striated)
voluntary in action; contain many striped long
fibers called striations; found in association with
skeletal bones; the nervous system interacts with
skeletal muscles to produce motion
3. __________________: (involuntary striated)
resembles skeletal muscle with lined appearance,
but is involuntary; composes the hardest working
muscle, the heart.
Violent muscle contractions require much oxygen. If oxygen is not available muscle fatigue will set in.
Muscle fatigue results from oxygen debt; __________ _________ accumulates in skeletal muscles rest
restores the oxygen balance.
A is a __________________, it connects the bone at D to
the muscle at B.
B is a __________________, muscle, bringing the
appendage towards the body.
C is a __________________, it connects bones.
D is a __________________, the hardest of the connective
tissues.
NERVOUS REGULATION
The quick form of control and coordination.
1. _______________ - any change in the external or internal environment which initiates an impulse
2. _______________ - an organ designed to pick up stimuli
3. _______________ - a reaction to a stimulus
4. _______________ - any muscle or gland that causes a response
5. _______________ - nerve cell (specially designed for the transmission of impulses); the basic cellular unit of
the nervous system
6. _______________ - an electro-chemical charge generated along a neuron
THE NEURON
1 = dendrite = receptor protein
2 = cyton (cell body)
3 = axon (covered by myelin sheath)
4 = terminal branches - ends of axons that secrete neurotransmitters
Synapse - gap between adjacent neurons (terminal branches of one
neuron and the dendrites of the next) or the gap between neuron and
effector
Neurotransmitter - chemical substance which starts the transmission of the nervous
impulse
How do neurotransmitters work to transmit the nervous impulse in humans?
1. A nervous impulse travels down an axon to the tips of a terminal branch.
2. The terminal branch secretes neurotransmitter into the synapse gap.
3. The neurotransmitter travels to the next neuron and causes depolarization of that
neuron -- thus a new nervous impulse is started in the next neuron.
The human body has 3 different types of neurons.
1.
2.
3.
Neurons may release chemicals to stimulate each other, or these
chemicals may be released to stimulate a muscle or gland. An
example of a muscle being stimulated by a neuron appears after
the reflex path pictured in number four in the diagram.
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
More complex animals have a central nervous system which includes a brain and a nerve cord.
______________ - a large mass of neurons located in the cranial cavity  contains three major divisions
______________ - lies within, and is protected by, the vertebrae of the spinal column; is continuous with the
brain; coordinates activities between the brain and other body structures; it is also a center for reflex actions
cerebrum - center for voluntary activity interprets sensory impulses, initiates some motor
activities, and responsible for memory, thinking and reasoning
cerebellum - coordinates motor activities and aids in maintaining balance
medulla - controls involuntary activities such as breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure and
peristalsis (is part of the brain stem)
Peripheral Nervous System: is located outside the central
nervous system and consists of nerves extending throughout
the body
Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Diseases:
1. _______________ - a disease resulting from a cerebral
hemorrhage or a blood clot in a cerebral blood vessel
blocking blood flow to part of the brain. -- may also result
from a ruptured blood vessel. This may result in brain
damage leading to partial or total paralysis.
2. _______________ - an inflammation of the membranes
that surround the brain and spinal cord. Caused by bacteria or
viruses. Headaches and extremely stiff neck. Can be fatal.
3. _______________ - birth disorders that cause a
disturbance of motor neurons.
4. _______________ - viral disease that causes paralysis
Drugs:
1. _______________ - alcohol, morphine, heroin
2. _______________ - Cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine
3. _______________ - LSD, marijuana, ecstasy
Nervous System
1. What is the control center of the nervous system?
2. What is the pathway for impulses between the central nervous
system and the peripheral nervous system?
3. Which part of the brain sends impulses to the autonomic nervous
system during life-threatening emergencies?
4. If the parasympathetic system causes the wall of the urinary
bladder to relax, what is the effect of the sympathetic system on the
wall of the urinary bladder?
5. Describe the pathway of impulses through the nervous system in response to feeling rain on your skin?
1. What is the stimulus in drawing A?
2. Which type of neuron is initially
activated by the stimulus in drawing
A?
3. What happens if the stimulation of a
neuron is not strong enough to reach a
certain threshold level?
4. To which type of neuron in the brain
a spinal cord is the stimulus
transmitted to?
5. Which type of neuron carries the
response impulse away from the brain
and spinal cord?
6. What tissues are activated by a
response to the stimulus?
7. Describe what occurs if the events
shown in drawing D are kept from
happening because of an illness,
injury, or poisoning?
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Endocrine Gland
Hormone
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Stimulating
Hormone
Growth Hormone
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid
Stimulating
Hormone
(Thytropin)
Follicle
Stimulating
Hormone
Thyroid
Thyroxin
Parathyroid
Parathormone
Adrenalin
(epinephrine)
Adrenal Glands
Cortisol
Steroids
Insulin
Islets of
Langerhans
Glucagon
Testes
Testosterone
Ovaries
Estrogen
Function
Disorder
BLOOD SUGAR REGULATION
1. What two factors influence
blood sugar concentration?
2. Where is glucose converted
into glycogen?
3. What triggers the production
of sugar regulating hormones?
4. What is the function of insulin?
5. What is the function of glucagons?
6. Why is the pancreas considered both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?
7. Why would the doctor request that you fast for 12 hours before having blood drawn to determine blood
glucose levels?
Know the Terms
Match the word to the definition. Words may be used more than once.
a. adrenal
f. gliding
k. neuron
p. pivot
u. testes
b. autonomic
g. hinge
l. ovaries
q. response
v. thyroid
___ 1. Between vertebrae
c. ball and socket
h. immovable
m. pancreas
r. stimulus
d. cerebellum
i. medulla
n. parathyroid
s. spinal cord
___ 9. Trunk of nerves coming from the
brain
___ 2. Elbow
e. cerebrum
j. nerve
o. pituitary
t. reflex
___ 16. Produces adrenalin
___ 17. Produces glucagon
___ 10. Factor that causes a response
___ 3. Hip
___ 18. Produces insulin
___ 4. Cranium
___ 11. Part of the brain located below
the rear part of the cerebrum
___ 19. Produces cortisol
___ 5. Reaction to a stimulus
___ 12. Involuntary, automatic response
___ 20. Produces parathormone
___ 6. Part of the nervous system not
under voluntary control
___ 13. Part of the brain beneath the
cerebellum and continuous with the
spinal cord
___ 21. Produces thyroxine
___ 14. Individual nerve cell
___ 23. Produces luteinizing hormone
___ 15. Produces follicle-stimulating
hormone
___ 24. Produces androgens
___ 7. The largest part of the human
brain
___ 8. Bundle of neurons
___ 22. Produces estrogens
Use words to fill in the paragraphs.
neuron
motor nerve
stimulus
nervous system
synapse
neurotransmitter
dendrite
threshold
ganglion
axon
brain
effector
myelin
receptors
refractory period
The ____________________(1) provides an organism with a means of rapid response to a ____________________(2).
Structures that detect these sensations are called ____________________(3). If these sensations are strong enough to be above a
certain level, or ____________________(4), they initiate an electrical impulse that travels through a cell, called
____________________(5). Bundles of these cells make up a/an ____________________(6). Impulses enter a nerve cell known as
a/an ___________________ (7), proceed across the body of the cell, and travel down the ____________________(8).
When an impulse gets to the end of a nerve cell it must cross a gap, or ____________________(9). This is accomplished
through the release of a ____________________(10), such as acetylcholine. The time required for a nerve cell to set up for the next
impulse is known as the ____________________(11).
In most animals, the accumulation of nerve tissue that coordinates nervous activity is known as the
____________________(12). After it deciphers incoming impulses, it may send impulses out to a ____________________(13)
neuron, which leads to a/an ____________________(14) . The structure, which is either a gland or a muscle, will respond to the
impulse.
Understanding the Concepts
Answer each question with your knowledge of biology.
1. Why are the biceps and triceps an antagonistic pair?
2. Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary muscle.
3. Distinguish between cartilage and bone.
4. What does an exoskeleton do for a grasshopper?
5. What is the purpose of a nervous system?
6. What are the two types of effectors and how does each respond to stimuli?
7. Explain the structure of a reflex arc.
8. What would happen if a nerve in the spinal cord was severed?
9. Why do you think the brain requires 20 percent of the body's blood supply?
10. How are the nervous system and the endocrine system similar?
11. How are the nervous system and endocrine system different in the manner of functioning?
12. Why are endocrine glands called ductless glands?
13. How are hormone secretions regulated?
Choose the best answer and write it on the blank.
a. cilia
e. receptor
b. effector
f. setae
c. flagella
g. somersaulting
d. irritability
h. stimulus
___ 1. method of movement in the earthworm
___ 2. method of movement in the paramecium
___ 3. specialized structure that responds to the commands of the nervous system
___ 4. sense organs sensitive to changes both inside and outside the organism
___ 5. cell's ability to respond to its environment
___ 6. What type of joint is formed at the elbow?
a. ball and socket
b. hinge
c. gliding
d. pivot
___ 7. Which of the following statements about the human
skeletal system is INCORRECT?
a. it contains over 200 bones.
b. it consists of axial and appendicular portions.
c. it is an exoskeleton.
d. it has many joints cushioned by cartilage.
Use the 3 choices to answer questions 8 – 10.
l. Skeletal (striated)
ll. Cardiac
lll. Smooth
___ 8. Which muscle tissue is under involuntary control?
a. I
b. Il
c. l and ll
d. ll and lll
___ 9. Which muscle tissue is found in the walls of arteries
and veins?
a. I
b. lll
c. I and Il
d. I and lll
___ 10. Which muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary
movement in organisms?
a. I
b. ll
c. lll
d. I and ll
___ 11. Antagonistic muscles that bend and straighten
joints are called, respectively,
a. flexor and extensor
b. involuntary and voluntary
c. striated and smooth
d. skeletal and axial
___ 12. The grasshopper has muscles
a. but they do not work antagonistically
b. for flight
c. but none are flexors
d. that connect directly to the wings
___ 13. Which is NOT a function of bone in the human
skeletal system?
a. storage place for minerals
b. production of platelets
c. serve as levers for moveable body parts
d. protection of organs
___ 14. The periosteum
a. covers the entire outside of a bone
b. makes new bone for growth and repair
c. contains blood vessels but does not contain nerves
d. is composed of compact and spongy tissue
___ 15. The scapula and clavicle are part of the
a. pectoral girdle
c. pelvic girdle
b. axial skeleton
d. 33 vertebrae
___ 16. Myosin and actin make up
a. osteoblasts
c. myofibrils
b. collagen
d. red marrow
___ 17. Cartilage differs from bone in that cartilage
a. is a type o{ connective tissue but bone is not
b. is rigid but bone is not
c. is found in children but not in adults
d. makes up most of the skeleton of embryos
___ 18. Tendons connect
a. skeletal muscles to bone
b. muscles to ligaments
c. ligaments to bone
d. smooth muscles to bones
___ 19. An axon, dendrite, and cell body are the major
parts of a
a. nerve
b. neuron
c. stimulus
d. cyton
___ 20. What is the smallest structural and functional unit
of the nervous system?
a. nerve
b. neuron
c. ganglion
d. brain
Use the diagram to answer questions 21 – 27.
___ 31. Which of the following statements about axons is
NOT true?
a. They can often be surrounded by Schwann cells.
b. They are usually long, thin fibers.
c. They range in length from a few micrometers to more
than a meter.
d. They carry impulses toward the cell body.
___ 32. What is the primary function of the white, fatty
myelin sheath often associated with neurons?
a. insulates the neuron by preventing ion flow
b. provides energy for the action potential
c. carries electrical impulses to adjacent neurons
d. limits transmission at the synapses by isolating the
membranes
___ 21. Which structure is the motor neuron?
a.1
b. 4
c.7
d. B
___ 22. Where is an impulse transmitted by
neurotransmitters?
a.2
b.5
c.6
d.8
___ 23. Which structure insulates the neuron?
a. 1
b.2
c.3
d.9
___ 24. Which structure is the type of neuron that makes
up most of the nervous system?
a. 1
b.4
c.7
d.8
___ 25. Which structure is the motor end plate?
a,2
b.3
c.5
d.8
___ 26. What two structures carry impulses away from the
cell bodies?
a.1 and 2
b.4 and 5
c.7
d. 8
___ 27. What is the CORRECT sequence for impulse
transmission?
a. 1, 9, 7, and 8
b. 1, 8, 7, and 4
c. 3, 4, 7, and 1
d. 4, 7, 8, and 1
___ 28. Which of the following function as effectors?
a. eyes and ears
b. muscles and glands
c. brain and spinal cord
d. skeleton and sensory neurons
___ 29. Nerve impulses
a. pass through the cytoplasm of neurons
b. are transmitted only along the cell membrane
c. are usually found in unicellular organisms
d. are called synapses
___ 30. Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are examples of
a. neurotransmitters
b. depressants
c. poisonous drugs
d. stimulants
___ 33. Dendrites
a. usually carry impulses away from the cell body
b. are long, highly branched fibers
c. are parts of neurons
d. are surrounded by Schwann cells
___ 34. The central nervous system includes all of the
following EXCEPT
a. brain
b. spinal cord
c. axons and motor neurons
d. interneurons
___ 35. Nerve impulses from the eyes and ears are
received and interpreted in the
a. hypothalamus
b. cortex
c. cerebrum
d. pons
___ 36. The blind spot in the human eye is
a. an area of rods only
b. filled with vitreous humor
c. in front of the iris
d. where the optic nerve is attached
___ 37. A reflex arc begins with an impulse through a
a. motor neuron
c. sensory neuron
b. cranial nerve
d. parasympathetic nerve
___ 38. The brain's own pain-relieving chemicals are
called
a. morphines
b. acetylcholines
c. norepinephrines
d. endorphins
___ 39. The sympathetic and parasympathetic systems
a. only affect the heart
b. are antagonistic to one another
c. are found only in humans
d. constitute part of the somatic nervous system
___ 40. Remembering a phone number only long enough
to dial it is an example of
a. sudden memory
b. momentary memory
c. short-term memory
d. long-term memory
___ 41. In humans, 31 pairs and 12 pairs refer
respectively to
a. cranial nerves and spinal nerves
b. spinal nerves and cranial nerves
c. cranial nerves and peripheral nerves
d. peripheral nerves and spinal nerves
Use the diagram to answer questions 50 – 55.
Use the diagram to answer questions 42 - 47.
___ 42. Which structure serves as a relay system that
links the spinal cord, medulla, cerebellum, and cerebrum?
a.1
b.4
c.5
d.6
___ 43. Which structure of the human brain is larger than
that of other vertebrates?
a. 1
b.2
c.6
d.7
___ 44. What structure is involved in the endocrine system
and in the control of body temperature, blood pressure,
sleep, and emotions?
a. 1
b.2
c.6
d.7
___ 50. Which gland is responsible for the secretion of
cortisol?
a.1
b.2
c.5
d.6
___ 51. What gland secretes hormones that stimulate the
thyroid gland to secrete its hormones?
a. 1
b.2
c.5
d.6
___ 52. Which gland secretes a hormone that releases
calcium from bone?
a.2
b. 3
c.5
d.8
___ 45. What structure functions as a relay center and
may be involved in the perception of pain and the
maintenance of consciousness?
a. 1
b.5
c.6
d.7
___ 53. Which gland secretes a hormone that causes
contractions of the smooth muscle of the uterus?
a.2
b. 6
c.7
d. 9
___ 46. Damage to which structure can result in a loss of
coordination?
a.2
b.5
c.6
d.7
___ 54. Which glands act together in the regulation of cell
metabolism?
a. 1, 2, and 8
b. 2, 4, and 6
c. 3, 5, and 7
d. 6, 8, and 9
___ 47. When a person is unconscious, which structure
continues to control breathing, heartbeat, blood pressure,
and coughing?
a. 1
b.2
c.3
d.4
___ 55. Which glands produce hormones that affect
kidney function?
a.1 and 4
b.1 and 7
c.2 and 5
d.4 and 6
___ 48. Which of the following is both an endocrine and
an exocrine gland?
a. thyroid
b. adrenal
c. mammary
d. pancreas
___ 56. Endocrine glands lack
a. tissues
b. secretions
c. ducts
d. water
___ 49. The pituitary gland is
a. the source of androgens
b. regulated by the hypothalamus
c. the source of releasing hormones
d. located in the abdominal cavity
___ 57. Alcohol inhibits the release of vasopressin (ADH).
What will happen with this inhibition?
a. increased urination
b. follicle stimulation
c. decreased metabolism
d. release of calcium
___ 58. Oxytocin is released by the
a. adrenal glands during an emergency
b. gonads during sexual development
c. thymus gland during an illness
d. posterior pituitary during childbirth
___ 59. Endocrine glands
a. secrete their hormones at a constant rate
b. are not regulated by feedback
c. are usually regulated by negative feedback
d. do not affect the digestive system
___ 68. A hyposecretion of a hormone
a. is an excess of the hormone
b. is a deficiency of the hormone
c. rarely causes a disorder of the body
d. never causes diseases
___ 60. Which disorder is often associated with steroid
misuse?
a. high blood pressure
b. liver disorder
c. kidney disorder
d. all of these are possible disorders
___ 69. In the islets of Langerhans, alpha cells and beta
cells secrete which hormones respectively?
a. glucose and glycogen
b. calcitonin and parathormone
c. epinephrene and norepinephrine
d. glucagon and insulin
___ 61. Communication between cells is affected if there
is decreased ability to produce
a. digestive enzymes and gametes
b. antibodies and chloroplasts
c. hormones and nerve impulses
d. antibiotics and guard cells
___ 62. During a race, the body temperature of a runner
increases. The runner responds by perspiring, which
lowers body temperature. This process is an example of
a. maintenance of homeostasis
b. an acquired characteristic
c. environmental factors affecting phenotype
d. an antigen-antibody reaction
___ 63. The diagram shows a specialized cell. This type of
cell transmits electrochemical signals known as
___ 70. Three types of skin receptors are represented in
the diagram shown. Structure X is most likely
a. a sensory nerve
c. an effector
b. a ganglion
d. a tympanum
___ 71. Which substances most directly regulate the
biological process represented in the diagram?
a. responses b. stimuli c. dendrites d. impulses
___ 64. Which structures secrete hormones that influence
proper bone structure and development?
a. pituitary and parathyroid
b. thyroid and adrenal cortex
c. ovaries and testes
d. hypothalamus and islets of Langerhans
a. hormones
c. auxins
b. vitamins
d. minerals
___ 72. A portion of a reflex arc is represented in the
diagram. The function of structure A is to
___ 65. Which hormone stimulates the release of sugar
from the liver into the blood?
a. Parathormone
b. Insulin
c. Glucagon
d. FSH
___ 66. Which substances are secreted at the endings of
nerve cells?
a. Antibodies
b. Antigens
c. Neurotransmitters
d. Lipids
___ 67. A hawk sees a field mouse, which it then captures
for food. In this activity, the eyes of the hawk function as
a. Effectors
b. Receptors
c. Stimuli
d. Neurotransmitters
a. synthesize neurotransmitters
b. detect changes in the external environment
c. carry messages away from the central nervous system
d. directly initiate an impulse in an effector
___ 73. A similarity between the nervous system and the
endocrine system in humans is that they both
a. are composed of neurons
b. are composed of glands
c. maintain homeostasis
d. secrete chemicals across synapses
___ 74. The following photograph shows tissue from a
human spinal cord in the higher-power field of a
compound light microscope. The cell indicated by the
pointer would most likely be involved in
Use the chart for questions 78 and 79. Individual A and
individual B drank an equal amount of glucose solution.
Every half hour for the next 4 hours, the glucose level in
their blood was measured. Normal glucose level is 80-100
mg/100dL.
a. producing visual images
b. thought processes
c. reflex actions
d. remembering past experiences
___ 75. Which statement best describes the chemical
substances secreted by endocrine glands?
a. They are secreted in one place and most often act at
another.
b. They are distributed by the nervous system
c. They are found only in vertebrates.
d. They are secreted into specialized ducts for transport.
___ 76. Some structures in the human arm are shown in
the diagram. A ligament is represented by the structure
labeled
___ 78. The information in the table indicates that
individual B has a condition that is most likely due to the
malfunction of.
a. Testes
b. Parathyroid
c. Islets of Langerhans
d. Ovaries
___ 79. The information in the table indicates that
individual A produces enough.
a. Insulin
b. follicle-stimulating hormone
c. growth-stimulating hormone
d. parathormone
___ 80. A drastic change in the metabolic rate of a human
would most likely result from the
a. oversecretion of the salivary glands
b. overproduction of auxins
c. deterioration of the skeletal system
d. malfunction of the endocrine glands
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
___ 77. If a motor neuron involved in a reflex arc is
damaged, which event in that arc is least likely to occur?
a. contraction of a muscle
b. stimulation of an interneuron
c. reception of a stronger stimulus by the sense organ
d. secretion of a neurotransmitter by the sensory neuron
___ 81. In multicellular organisms, cells must be able to
communicate with each other. Structures that enable most
cells to communicate with each other are known as
a. pathogenic agents
b. chloroplasts
c. antibiotics
d. receptor molecules
___ 82. Cells within this gland, which is part of the central
nervous system, produce several hormones that affect the
functioning of the pituitary gland.
a. Adrenal
b. Pancreas
c. Parathyroid
d. Hypothalamus
___ 83. The diagram shown represents the actions of two
hormones in the human body.
This diagram best illustrates
a. recombination
c. synapsis
b. feedback
d. dehydration synthesis
Use the following diagram of the female endocrine system
for questions 84 – 86.
___ 84. A hormone that increases the rate and strength of
heart contractions during times of sudden stress is
secreted by
a. A
b. E
c. F
d. D
___ 85. Hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle are
secreted by
a. A and D
b. B and F
c. C and E
d. F and A
___ 86. An iodine-containing hormone that aids in the
regulation of metabolic rate is secreted by
a. E
b. B
c. C
d. F
___ 87. A bleeding in the brain may result in
a. a stroke
b. gout
c. polio
d. meningitis
___ 88. Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the
central nervous system
a. Stroke
b. Polio
c. Cerebral palsy
d. Meningitis
___ 89. Pituitary growth hormone can affect cells in
various parts of the human body because the hormone is
secreted directly into
a. glandular ducts
b. muscle tissue
c. the bloodstream
d. the digestive tract