PLEASE DO THIS!!
• Take off your left shoe and place it on
my desk in the front
Chapter 18:
Classification
• Classification
– is the method of logically grouping
organisms based on some common
characteristics
• Taxonomy
– does the actual grouping into the groups
called TAXON (s – TAXA) with some kind of
biological significance.
– EX: Things that fly, swim, walk, have
feathers, etc.
How many different terms can you think of for trying to
tell someone something is really good?
WRITE ‘EM DOWN!
• There is a need for a common term to
describe an individual organism so
that all people understand when the
term is used.
• Carolus Linnaeus came up with the
system of Binomial Nomenclature.
Carolus Linnaeus
• He assigned two Latin names to each
different species of organisms.
• This is their Scientific name.
• Homo sapiens (human) Homo sapiens
Ursus maritimus (polar bear) Ursus maritimus
Alba rubrum (red oak)
Ursus arctos (grizzly bear)
How to write the name
• Genus name first
– Always CAPITALIZED
• Species name second
– Never capitalized
• Can either be…
– Italicized
– Underlined
Latin Names
• Scientific names will always be in Latin.
• Latin is a dead language that will not
evolve unlike other languages.
• Little chance of change through time.
• Universally understood in the science
community
Is an animal’s Genus (Evereadii) and its species (eatibus)
ORGANISM
Felis
domesticus
Canis
familiaris
Haliaeetus
leucocephalus
Danaus
plexippus
English
Cat
Dog
Eagle
Butterfly
Spanish
Gato
Perro
Águila
Mariposa
French
Chat
Chienne
L'aigle
Papillion
German
Katze
Hund
Alder
Schmetterling
Picture
The Taxonomic order:
• From the biggest group to the smallest group
or taxa
Taxa
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Human
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primate
Hominoidae
Homo
sapiens
Cat
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felis
catus
Dog
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
lupus
Which two organisms are more closely related and why?
The Taxonomic order:
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
Each KINGDOM is further classified into more specific groups,
much like addresses are organized into smaller categories.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Country
State
County
Town
Neighborhood
Street
House Number
• Modern methods of classification rely
on evolutionary relationships in place
of homologous structures.
Kingdoms and Domains
• 1700’s – Plants and Animals only
– Is this right?
• 1800’s – Protists, Plants and Animals
– Is this right?
• 1950’s – 5 Kingdom system, including
Fungus and Monera
– Are we close now?
• Now – 6 Kingdoms divided into 3
Domains
– This has to be it, yes?
DICHOTOMOUS KEY
1A: If orange, go to………………………………………..2
1B: If not orange, go to …………………………………..4
2A: Has wings, it is ……………………………………….. Charizard
2B: Does not have wings, go to ………………………….3
3A: Teeth showing, it is …………………………………... Charmander
3B: Teeth not showing, it is ……………………………… Charmeleon
4A: Shell present, go to …………………………………… 5
4B: Shell absent, go to ……………………………………. 7
5A: Ears present, go to …………………………………… 6
5B: No ears, it is ……………………………………….… Squirtle
6A: Guns on back, it is ……………………………………. Blastoise
6B: No guns on back, it is ……………………………….. Wartortle
7A: Flower on back, go to ………………………………… 8
7B: No flower on back, it is ……………………………….. Bulbasaur
8A: Rounded eye shape, it is …………………………… Venusaur
8B: Triangular eye shape, it is …………………………. Ivysaur