Chapter 22 Sustainable Cities
Review Questions
Define urbanization. Define urban growth. Name two ways by which urban areas grow.
Distinguish between push and pull factors that lead to immigration. Describe the four major
trends in urban population changes. Distinguish between megacities and hypercities. Give an
example of each. Describe the four shifts in percentage of people living in urban areas in the US.
What is infrastructure? What is the main reason infrastructure is not being maintained? What is
urban sprawl? Describe 6 major factors that have facilitated urban sprawl in the US. What is a
megalopolis? Identify one outside of the US.
Describe three advantages of urbanization. Describe five disadvantages of urbanization. What is
the difference among slums, shantytowns, and squatter settlements? Describe two problems
associated with Mexico City. Describe three differences between dispersed and compact cities.
Give an example of each.
Describe an advantage and three disadvantages associated with cars. How could the concept of
full cost pricing be applied to automobiles? How could a tax shift lessen resistance to full cost
pricing? Describe three reasons why taxing gasoline meets resistance in the US. Describe
policies that have been adopted in London, Paris , and Germany to lessen traffic.
What is the difference between heavy rail and light rail transit systems? Describe an advantage
and disadvantage among these transit methods and buses. What is rapid rail? What is a pro and a
con of rapid rail?
What is land-use planning? What has been the traditional goal of land-use planning? What is
zoning? What is the purpose of smart growth? What strategies are used to accomplish those
goals. Describe three projects that Portland, Oregon has implemented to accomplish smart
growth. What step has China taken to prevent urban sprawl. Describe the steps that have been
taken in Europe to discourage urban sprawl. What is a greenbelt? How can greenbelt lead to
satellite towns? What is a human health benefit of a greenbelt?
What is a cluster development? Describe five principles of new urbanism. Describe the
characteristics of an ecocity. Describe the plans for building the city of Dongtan, China.