U.S. Expansion
United States Expansion
HG 8.8
I Can:
___ Summarize the impact of the Northwest Ordinance on expansion
___ Identify the parts of the Northwest Ordinance
___ Explain the concept of Manifest Destiny
___ Identify different sections of land acquisition and how they were acquired
___ Louisiana Purchase
___ Lewis and Clark- Corp of Discovery
___ Florida
___ Texas
___ Oregon
___ Mexican Lands
___ Analyze American conquest
___ Texas War of Independence
___ Mexican American War
___ Impact on Native Americans
___ Removal and Reservations
The United States in 1783 all land was granted under the Treaty of
Paris
The United States in 1800
Northwest Ordinance
• First expansion into a territory
• Territory divided into smaller
sections (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
Wisconsin, Michigan)
• Could apply for statehood when
they reached 60,000 people
• All rights must be guaranteed in
a state constitution
• No Slavery is allowed
Manifest Destiny
• Obvious Fate
• Was America’s right
and duty to spread
across North
America
• Our responsibility to
bring our great
culture from sea to
shining sea
What do you see?
Louisiana Purchase- 1803
Louisiana Purchase- Situation
• France owns the land from the Mississippi River
to the Rocky Mountains, including New Orleans.
• Jefferson wants to secure trading on the
Mississippi River for western farmers. France
owns the Port city of New Orleans, they could
close the port to American traders.
• What should Jefferson do?
What action should the U.S. take?
• A. Offer to buy the city of New Orleans
from France so that American farmers can
export their goods from that port.
• B. Threaten to go to war if France does
not hand over New Orleans.
• C. Offer to buy all of the Louisiana
Territory, including New Orleans, so that
the French are no longer a threat to the
United States.
Answer- C
• Jefferson sent James Monroe to France to
buy New Orleans. Napoleon of France
decided he would sell the whole territory
since he needed the money to pay for a war
with Britain.
• America signs a treaty that doubles the size
of the United States for less than 3 cents an
acre. France is no longer in North America.
• If you choose correctly you can move into the
Louisiana Territory
Corp of Discovery- Lewis and Clark
• Purpose- Make friendly
contact with Indians, find
a Northwest Passage,
find out what we bought.
• Dangers and IssuesIndians, Nature, River,
Mountains, Winter,
Starvation
• What made it possible?
Sacagawea, Indians,
Leadership
British Cession 1818
• After Louisiana was purchased the British
agreed to give the U.S. land in present day
Wisconsin and make the northern border of
the United States the 49th parallel. Oregon
country would also be shared.
British
Cession
Florida - 1819
Florida- Situation
• Florida was owned by Spain. Slaves
in Georgia have been escaping and
living in Florida. Seminole Indians
living in Florida have been raiding
settlers lands.
• In 1818 James Monroe sends
Andrew Jackson down to stop the
Indian raids. He was told not to go
into Florida. He goes against his
orders and leads troops into the
Spanish colony. He took over every
Spanish outpost and replaced their
governor with an American. Spain
demanded he be punished.
What action should the U.S. take?
• A. Use military force to take Florida from Spain
since Andrew Jackson’s invasion proves that
Spain’s army is weak.
• B. Apologize to Spain for Jackson’s invasion.
Send troops to patrol the border between Florida
and the United States to prevent raids by Indians
and Runaway slaves.
• C. Offer to buy Florida in order to avoid war with
Spain
Answer- C
• “Govern or Get Out”
• President Monroe sent Spain a blunt message.
The message was either govern Florida properly
or leave.
• Fearful of war, Spain agreed to yield Florida if the
U.S. gave them 5 million dollars
• If you choose correctly you can move into the
Florida Territory
Texas - 1845
Texas - Situation
• Americans move into Texas. Texas is a
territory of Mexico. All American settlers
must become Mexican citizens, be
Catholic and use Spanish in official
documents.
• The success of Austin’s colony attracts
many settlers. These settlers wanted to
govern themselves, practice their own
religion, and bring their slaves. Mexico
did not allow slavery
• Mexico stops any further American
settlement
• American settlers led by Stephen Austin
call for an independent Texas
Texas War of Independence
• Mexican General and President, Santa Anna, went to
crush the rebellion.
• The Alamo- Texans were surrounded by Mexican troops
at an old Spanish mission- Santa Anna kills all of the
Alamo’s defenders.
• Sam Houston out smarts the larger Mexican army and
defeats Santa Anna at the battle of San Jacinto.
• Texas won their Independence and became the Lone
Star Republic, but Mexico did not accept the loss.
• After 10 years most Texans want to become part of the
United States. If Texas joins the U.S., Mexico would be
angered.
What action should the U.S. take?
• A. Let Texas remain an independent
country. Try to establish good relations
with Texas, and avoid angering Mexico
• B. Annex Texas to the United States and
risk war with Mexico.
• C. Make a treaty with Mexico agreeing to
split Texas between the two countries.
Answer- B
• President James Polk was a strong believer in
Manifest Destiny.
• Congress voted to annex Texas
• Mexico was angered
• If you choose correctly you can move into
Texas
Oregon Country- 1846
Oregon- Situation
• Oregon was claimed by
both the U.S. and Great
Britain. Both countries
agreed to joint occupation.
• A pass through the Rocky
Mountains was discovered.
Pioneers started to poor
through the mountains to
claim the fertile land
• President Polk wanted to
annex all of the Oregon
Territory- “fifty-four forty or
fight”
What action should the U.S. take?
• A. Annex all of Oregon to the United
States and risk war with Britain.
• B. Offer to sell Oregon to Britain in order to
increase the money in the United States
Treasury.
• C. make a treaty with Britain agreeing to
divide Oregon between the two countries
Option- C
• The nation was divided.
People in the east did not
want risk war over Oregon.
People in the west wanted
all of Oregon
• Polk decides to split the land
with Great Britain with a
treaty. The U.S. senate
approves, both countries our
satisfied without spilling a
drop of blood.
• If you choose correctly then you can move into Oregon
Mexico Cession- 1848
Mexico Cession- Situation
• Mexico and Texans shot at each other over a border
dispute. Mexico believed that the border should be the
Nueces River and not the Rio Grande River which was
150 miles farther South
• Polk seizes the opportunity and asks congress to
declare war
• New Mexico quickly falls into the hands of the U.S.
• California stages their own rebellion and become the
“Bear Flag Republic”.
• The U.S. Invades Mexico, they are quickly defeated.
What action should the U.S. take?
• A. Apologize for invading Mexico, offer to buy
California and New Mexico, and except the
Nueces River as the border between Mexico
and Texas.
• B. Demand that Mexico recognize the Rio
Grande as the border of Texas and cede
California and New Mexico to the United States.
• C. Annex all of Mexico to the United States
because it is weak after losing the Mexican War.
Option- B
• The United States and Mexico signed the Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Mexico gave up half of it’s territory. In return the U.S.
paid Mexico 15 million dollars. The U.S. gains an area
that includes California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New
Mexico, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.
• If you choose correctly then you can move into the
Mexico Cession
“From Sea to Shining Sea”
• Gadsden Purchase- a
few years after the
Mexican-American
War the U.S.
purchases land just
south of the Mexican
Cession for a railroad.
The cost was 10
million dollars. The
United States fulfilled
it’s “Manifest Destiny”
Manifest Destiny Puppet Show
• Your group is responsible for
creating a puppet show on
Manifest Destiny. Groups will
be created to review each of
the land acquisitions. Shows
should be 3-5 minutes long.
• Each group must include the
following terms in their
presentation.
• Louisiana Purchase- Thomas
Jefferson, Louisiana Territory,
New Orleans, Mississippi
River, France, Lewis and Clark
• Florida- Spain, Andrew
Jackson, Runaway Slaves,
Seminole Indians
• Texas- Stephen Austin,
Mexico, Alamo, Lone Star
Republic, annexation, Polk
• Oregon- Britain, 49th parallel,
pioneers, treaty
• Mexican Cession- Treaty of
Guadalupe Hidalgo, Rio
Grande, California, Gadsden,
Bear Flag Republic