FINISHING
MATERIALS & DETAILING
Fall 2014
Finishing Surfaces
surfaces of the building that we see and
experience with the visual and tactile
characteristics.
Material Selection based on...
•Aesthetics
The visual and tactile qualities expected by the designer
•Performance
Strenght, durability, flexibility, reflection of light, absorbtion of sound,
dimensions available for use, joints with other materials
•Sustainability
Ecological parameters of the production process,
recycling and re-use possibilities, maintanance cost
•Feasibility
Material cost, mounting and installation cost,
accordance with the overall budget
Finishing Materials
•Wood
•Paints & Coatings
•Natural Stones
•Plastics
•Composite & Artificial
Stones / Ceramics
•Textiles
•Concrete / Terrazzo
•Metals
•Glass
•...
Hints for Finishing Joints...
Finishing materials require special attention to be taken at the
joints, the lines along which a finishing material/surface
connects to another material.
There are building elements and
components specificly designed
for these purposes, where a
third element hides the joint line
between the other two.
Hints for Finishing Detailing
The shadow gap
is a common detail
used to conceal the
actual joint line within
a recessed void.
Finishing - Wall Surfaces
In buildings with exposed
structural surfaces,
structural materials
become the finishing
materials.
Finishing - Wall Surfaces
A. ROOF CONSTRUCTION: 5x20 cm. wood joists, with wood sheathing above.
B. Steel Beam with a wood blocking
C. Plaster soffit with wood trim
D. Wood cover for radiator
E.
Concrete sill & planter
F.
Concrete floor slab
G. Interior Brick Wall
H. Exterior Brick Wall
I.
Concrete Lintel
D.D.Martin House / Frank Lloyd Wright (1904)
Swiss Pavillion / Le Corbusier (1930-1932)
Swiss Pavillion / Le Corbusier (1930-1932)
The Curtain Wall
Finishing surfaces independent from the structural components
became possible with the technological developments structural
metal and architectural glass industries.
The Curtain Wall
With the variety of details and
finishing materials, many
designers prefer to use curtain
walls and cladding for the
finished surfaces.
Architectural Glass
Hard, brittle, transparent material composed of earthen
elements transformed by fire.
Float Glass
most common production technic used today
Commercially Available as panels of maximum 321x600
cm
Architectural Glass
Glass can be strenghtened by various processes to imp
safety conditions.
Laminated Glass simply sandwiches sheets of glass together
with a transparent vinyl interlayer that holds the layers together.
Laminated Glass
Laminated glass also provides an opportunity of designing and
producing glass surfaces with a variety of designs and colors,
based on the film layer in between.
Laminated Glass
Digital images can be printed on the film layer...
Laminated Glass
The transparency of a glass surface
can be changed by a single
on-off switch.
Tempered Glass
Another type of strenghtened glass for safety condit
is tempered glass.
Tempered Glass
goes through a thermal
process where the glass is
heated to high
temperatures and then
rapidly cooled. The result
is a glass 6 times stronger
than float glass, and its
breaking pattern making it
appropriate for use in
cases with higher
breaking risk.
28/04/11
IAED 294
The AMC Theatre - California
Wall Surfaces – Glass & Metal
1=Pre-coated and roll formed aluminum
external skin
2=Adhesive file
3=Aluminum extrusion
4=Aluminum honeycomb
5=Pre-coated aluminum internal skin
Shenzhen Poly Grand Theatre
Shenzhen Poly Grand Theatre – China
Aluminum Panel Cladding
Shenzhen Poly Grand Theatre
Kanyon Shopping Center / Istanbul
Terracotta
Modular, lightweigth clay blocks developed for curtain walls and
cladding.
Boston Medical
(Shapiro Ambulatory Care)
Natural Stones
•Marble
•Limestone &Travertine
•Granite
•Onyx
•Others (Andesite, Basalt)
Natural Stones - Marble
•Metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
•Variety of colors and textures
•Easy to cut, carve and work with.
Natural Stones - Granite
•Magmatic stones transformed under
high pressure
•More grained structure and appearance
•Higher durability than marble and other
stones
Natural Stones - Travertine
•Kind of limestone deposited in mineral
springs, especially geothermal springs.
•Porous stone with fossil residues in
structure
•Mostly cream, beige, brown in color
Natural Stones - Onyx
•Stone formed of bands of chalcedony in
alternating colors
•Translucent & colorful in appearance
•Not homogeneous in color & texture
Mounting & Connection Details
Mounting & Connection Details
Natural Stones
Esenboga International Airport Terminal – E. Çoban / Ankara
Concrete
Mixture of Portland Cement, aggregates and water
Cast-in-place or precast.
Common material used in frame structures when reinforced by
steel
Shapeless material whose form, size and texture
has to be
designed
Range of possible
formwork
form and texture limited only by
Concrete Panels
Concrete Panels
Concrete Panels
Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors
Floor coating material consisting of
two components.
Applied on concrete floors
Resin based material –
Strong adhesion to applied surfaces.
Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors
Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors
Floor Coatings – Epoxy Floors
Wood
1.wood panel
2.metal substructure
3.demountable clips
4.wall bracket
28/04/11
IAED 294
Wood
The tree is the origin of all architectural wood products.
Composed of fibers and cells, which are different for all
different types of trees. This fiber structure determines the
technical characteristics of wood.
Wood naturally involves moisture
content which causes
it to swell or shrink. Dry wood has increased strenght and
resistance to decay, fungi & insects.
Wood
Lumber
A sawn piece of wood, ranked based
on standards regarding structural
strenght or appearance.
Available dimensions are limited by
the size of the tree.
Wood - Structural
Laminated Wood (Glulam)
composed of several layers of dimensional
timber glued together with moisture-resistant
adhesives, creating a large, strong, structural
member that can be used as vertical columns
or horizontal beams. Glulam can also be
produced in curved shapes, offering extensive
design flexibility.
Wood – Joints (Solid Wood)
Finger joint
Dovetail joint
Wood
Wood has a greater
tensile strength relative to
steel – two times on a strength-to-weight basis – and has a
greater compressive resistance strength
than concrete.
Sports Court – ECDM / Paris
Bike-Foot Bridge of Barberino del Mugello - Stefano Capretti /
Firenze
Wood – Industrial Products
Veneer – thin layers of sawn wood used to produce large
wooden surfaces
Plywood - manufactured from sheets of cross-laminated
veneer and bonded under heat and pressure with durable,
moisture-resistant adhesives.
Particle board – MDF – manufactured by binding particles or
fibers of wood with resin
Laminated Wood Floor
Laminate Floor / Laminate Panels
Wood – Industrial Products
Thermowood - ThermoWood ® is
produced by heat treating wood
to temperatures in excess of 200
degrees Centigrade. During heat
treatment, chemical and
structural changes occur within
the timber which alter and
improve some of its basic
characteristics. The resulting
product is an altogether more
durable and stable timber, an
ideal material for use in exposed
areas such as external wall
claddings.
Wood
Edificio Operativo Metro Caracas / Hector Gimenez
Wood
Cruise Ship Terminal – Barcelona /Grupo JG
RESOURCES
Emmitt, S. (2002) Architectural Technology. Oxford: Blackwell Science
Ford, E. (2003) The Details of Modern Architecture. Massachusetts: MIT Press
Bell, V.B & Rand,P.(2006) Materials for Architectural Design. London: Laurence King
Publishing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineered_wood
http://www.finnforest.co.uk/
http://www.curatedmag.com/news/2009/04/24/sport-court-by-ecdm/
http://www.linox.com.au
http://www.habitatlegno.com/en/wood-accomplishments/bonatti-bridge/
http://www2.dupont.com/SafetyGlass/en_US/design_gallery/facades.html
http://www.linox.com.au
http://www.happyglasswork.com/tempered-glass.html
http://www.pilkington.com
http://www.unitedpanelcorp.com
http://www.alpolic.com