NAME______________________________________________________________ Block ______________
PLEASE NOTE: This is a massive undertaking. You will be allowed to work in groups. There are dozens of links. Everything in blue is a link and can be reached by CTRL + Click to Follow. Even the pictures are links.
Ancient Greece (when finished with this Unit you should be able to answer the following questions on your own – copied in your notebook answered with complete grammatically correct sentences )
What major historical time period is Greece associated with?
What is the geography of Greece?
What major landforms are associated with Greece?
How did geography affect Greek unity?
What type of economy did Greece have?
What was Greece main trading Source?
What were some significant places in Greece?
Essential Question 1: Why do people live and move where they do?
What will I be able to do?: You will be able to identify various locations and physical features (like mountains, bodies of water) on a map of ancient Greece. You will also be able to describe how geography affected settlement in ancient
Greece.
What idea, topic, or subject is important for me to learn and understand so that I can do this?: You will learn about the locations and physical features of ancient Greece affected the history and culture of the ancient Greeks.
What I will do to show that I know this?: You will show what you know by labeling a map of ancient Greece and answering the critical thinking questions that go along with the video.
Click on this URL: http://tinyurl.com/m926rhp to watch a Google Earth tour for a geographic overview.
- Label the following places on the Map of Ancient Greece (handout a) using the linked locations below or an historical atlas:

AdriaticSea
AegeanSea
GulfofCorinth
IonianSea
Mediterranean Sea
Athens
Ithaca
Knossos
Marathon
Mycenae
Sparta
Thebes
Troy
AsiaMinor
IslandofCrete
MountOlympus
Peloponnesian Penninsula
BattleSites:
StraitsofSalamis
Thermopylae
Kingdom:
Macedonia
- Greece: Secrets of the Past - Watch the video on your own and take notes on worksheet “Video – Assignment: Greece-Secrets of the Past” ( graded handout B ) and answer the critical thinking question: How does geography (where they lived) affect and contribute to Greece's rich history and culture? You will write an essay on the back of handout B with no less than 3 paragraphs on your own this best be done at home. Video link http://vimeo.com/65984321

Assignments to hand in: Note Chart on Minoan and Mycenaeans
& Comprehension
Questions ( GRADED Handout C ) Questions are below
- Read the following text and look at the pictures.
Crete is an island of 3,189 square miles located in the Mediterranean Sea , halfway between mainland Greece and Asia Minor (AKA Anatolia or modern-day
Turkey). According to legend, Crete is the birthplace of Zeus , the King of the Greek
Gods. Mycenae (pronounced my-SEE-nee) is a city in the northeast of the Peloponnesian Peninsula on the Greek mainland. Legend states that Mycenae was founded by the Greek hero Perseus after he killed the monster Medusa .
Minoan culture developed on the island of Crete in approximately 3,000
B.C.E. Minoan palace murals and painted pottery show us a bountiful maritime culture, fueled by fishing, farming, and local arts. The Minoans were master seafarers and set up long-distance trade routes with Spain, Egypt, Canaan , and Asia Minor. Socially, the
Minoans were an egalitarian culture, with both men and women holding respected positions in the fields of religion, agriculture, and craftwork. Recreation enjoyed by the
Minoans included dancing to music and song, "bull-leaping" - a boxing, complete with boxing gloves and mouth guards. The remarkable peace-loving character of the Minoan civilization is suggested by the lack of fortresses, war equipment, and painted battle scenes among the remains of their settlements. The Minoan civilization is historically important to Greece because it was the cultural model of the Myceneaean (pronounced my-sih-NEE-in) civilization - considered the earliest developed culture on mainland
Greece.
Mycenae was settled in 2,700 B.C.E. Most of the myths about ancient Greek heroes and their famous battles come to us from the Mycenaeans. Later Greek poets such as Homer used these tales in their writings. The Mycenaeans spoke an early form of the
Greek language, and developed an agricultural economy based on grains, grapes, and

olives. Like the Minoans, they traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor. Unlike the
Minoans, the Mycenaeans devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military.
The circular royal tombs of Mycenae reveal collections of decorated uniforms, elaborate helmets, chariots, daggers, and axes. Horses were also extremely important to the
Mycenaeans, as they were the vehicles of war. Mycenaean documents suggest that their society was hierarchical , with kings and soldiers in positions of power, and prisoners of war enslaved to serve them. Apart from artwork depicting religious festivals and musical performances, very few indications of recreational entertainment were left by the
Mycenaeans.
- Fill out the CHART: Notes on Minoans and
Mycenaeans can be done in group ( GRADED Handout C ) by looking at and reading about six artifacts from each civilization.
Answer the following questions on a lined piece of paper (or Cut and Paste them into Word so you can check spelling and grammar)
( GRADED ) in paragraph form: Note: when you hand this in label it Handout D. This best to be done at home as you should be able to answer these on your own
1. What did the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations have in common?
2. In what ways were the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations different?
3. Why do you think so many aspects of Minoan civilization are found at Mycenae?
4. What other geographical areas, besides Mycenae, might Minoan civilization have influenced?
5. What aspects of Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations would you expect to have survived in later
periods of Greek history?
- Read the following text:
The Minoan civilizations of ancient Crete flourished for approximately 600 years, between
2000 and 1400 B.C.E. Cretan palaces and their surrounding villages were almost destroyed in 1700 B.C.E., when a series of severe earthquakes rocked the island. However, the
Minoans rebuilt their cities and renewed production of their trade goods in a relatively short time. Within the next hundred years, the Minoans established settlements - for trade

rather than imperialistic purposes - on neighboring islands of Thera , Kythera , Melos , and Rhodes . Minoan and neighboring island cultures were mutually tolerant and supportive, and the Minoans benefited from trade, and continued to create glorious artwork and architecture.
Mycenaean invaders from the Greek mainland disrupted this placid existence. It is unclear to scholars why the Mycenaeans began launching invasive expeditions in the mid fifteenth century B.C.E. It is possible that they wished to replenish supplies of copper and other ores - which Mycenaean mines had stopped yielding - needed for their production of weaponry. It is also possible that violent land-ownership disputes and trade-route conflicts caused a massive Mycenaean exodus to Asia Minor, leaving the Mycenaean economy in a weakened state. A third possibility is that the Mycenaeans could no longer fend off hostility from encroaching cultures on mainland Greece, and sought safer settlements on Crete. Whatever the case, Linear B documents recovered from Mycenae record an invasion of Crete in 1450 B.C.E., and the peaceable Minoan civilization soon came to an end. Captive Minoan architects and artists were sent to Mycenae to serve the
Mycenaean kings. Meanwhile, the Cretan palace of Knossos was occupied by militaristic
Mycenaean rulers. They introduced weapons, chariots, and battles into Cretan mural painting, and added the burial of weapons alongside military dead to Cretan funeral customs.
Approximately 350 years later, in 1100 B.C.E., the Dorian Greeks - united tribes from northwestern Greece and Asia Minor - invaded the settlements in the Peloponnesus, the southern Aegean islands, and Crete. Their successful campaigns ended Mycenaean rule.
However, through the Dorians, elements of Minoan and Mycenaean cultures were incorporated into the art, architecture, and literature of Classical Greece.
Crete (Minoan civilization)
Mycenae
Minoan Civilization
The Mycenaeans
Note Chart - The Development of Democracy in
Ancient Greece ( GRADED Handout F )

Handouts: Four Forms of Government in Ancient Greece and Note Chart - The
Development of Democracy in Ancient Greece . ( GRADED Handout F )
Complete the Note Chart ( GRADED Handout F ) by reading about each form of government in Ancient Greece explained in the Four Forms of Government in Ancient
Greece handout E (only given out if you can’t read online version). Helpful
Hint: Etymology - The roots or history for a word. Example: Democracy - demos (meaning
"people" in Greek) + kratos (meaning "power" in Greek - kratos evolves to "cracy")
Supplemental Video: Roots of American Democracy
Supplemental Website:
Work Information - Latin and Greek Cross References (Type in any English word and it finds the root words of it)
Assignment to hand in: Summarizing Assignment of Your Choice (See below for this part)
And AND AND AND AND
Basketball Metaphor Activity ( GRADED Handout G ) write NEATLY your answers on the handout by turning the questions into complete answers. This way you will not have to recopy the questions. You can work this out in groups. This REQUIRES
CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
Read the "Background" for each event discussed in the Persian War below. Look at the corresponding picture and read the text that follows. Also, click on the website links as well to better your understanding of each event.
The Expansion of the Persian Empire ( Background for Event A )
This is a picture of the Grand Palace at Persepolis, the capital of the Persian
Empire. Reliefs depicting Persian kings decorated the steps leading to the entrance of the palace, such as the roof and lions shown in the drawing. The courtyard and one of the smaller palaces that surrounded the main palace are also shown.
Website Links:
Persia - Wikipedia (good overview of the empire)
Persepolis - Persia.org
(Pictures and text)

The Forgotten Empire - The world of Ancient Persia (The British Museum - Pictures, text, etc.)
The Ionian Revolt ( Background for Event B )
This is a relief of the Persian king Darius I seated on a cushioned throne and holding a staff and flower, two traditional symbols of royal power in Persia. The subject approaching Darius to offer tribute stands behind two incense burners, which were intended to keep visitors a respectful distance from the king. Persian subjects like the one shown here were obligated to offer tribute to the king annually. The Ionians revolted against Darius because they did not want to observe this custom.
Website Links:
Ionian Revolt - Wikipedia (good overview)
The Battle of Marathon ( Background for Event C )
This is a drawing of the Battle of Marathon with the Greeks dressed in red, the Persians in blue. One of the warships that carried the Persians to Greece is shown at left, and the battle field is visible at right. The confrontation shown here took place after the Greek leader Militiades learned that the Persians had sent their calvalry ahead to
Athens, reducing their strategic advantage on the flat, open battlefield.
Website Links:
Battle of Marathon - Wikipedia (good overview)
Battle of Marathon (some pictures and links)
The Battle of Thermopylae ( Background for Event D )
This is a drawing of the Battle of Thermopylae with the Persians in the foreground and the Greeks in the background. This drawing shows the narrow pass that made it difficult for the larger Persian army to overwhelm the Greeks early in the battle.

Website Links:
Battle of Thermopylae - Wikipedia (good overview)
History Channel - Battle of Thermopylae on YouTube (good documentary)
King Leonidas and the 300 Spartans of Thermopylae (many pictures using the movie,
"300.")
Supplemental Video:
The Last Stand of the 300
The Battle of Salamis ( Background for Event E )
This is an engraving of the Battle of Salamis showing Greek warships destroying Persian warships at close range.
Website Links:
Battle of Salamis - Wikipedia (good overview)
Salamis (good pictures and overview)
Supplemental Video:
History's Turning Points - Battle of Salamis
Greece After the Persian Wars
:
"Golden Age" of Greece
The Persian Wars were immensely important in the history of ancient
Greece. Working together to defeat a common foe reminded the Greek city-states that they shared a common language, culture, and religion. After the wars ended, Spartans,
Athenians, and residents of other Greek city-states referred to themselves collectively as
"Greeks" more than they had in the past. Additionally, victory over the mighty Persian
Empire filled the Greeks with a new level of confidence. At times, this confidence expressed itself as sheer arrogance. For example, in Herodotus's history of the Persian
Wars, he repeatedly referred to the Persians as "barbarians." However, this newfound confidence led to the development of stunning cultural achievements, especially in the city-state of Athens. The Athenians were determined to rebuild their city and make it one of the most spectacular in the ancient world. During the 40 years following the Persian
Wars, the achievements of the Athenians - in theater, philosophy, sculpture, architecture, and government - were so numerous that many have referred to the period as the "Golden
Age" of Athens.

Choose one of the following summarizing assignments NOTE: LABEL THIS
HANDOUT H (GRADED) : This is on your own
1. Pretend you were a news reporter for a Greek or Persian newspaper during the time of the Persian Wars. Write a 50-100 word news update for the Greek or Persian people back home about each of the 5 events. Remember your audience.
2. Draw a cartoon history of each of the 5 events summarizing visually and with captions.
Assignments to hand in: Notes About Athens During the Golden Age GRADED
HANDOUT I & Station Notes Packet GRADED Handout J & Illustrated Scrapbook
GRADED OPTIONAL EXTRA CREDIT Handout K
- Look at the following pictures and text below and complete the corresponding handout: Notes About Athens During the Golden Age .
GRADED HANDOUT I
Athens is considered one of the most important ancient Greek city-states.
Known as the birthplace of democracy, Athens also gave modern society its foundations in art, literature, and philosophy. Athens is on the peninsula landmass called Attica in southeast Greece. It sits on a plain about 4 miles from the sea and is surrounded by mountains. Its location and mild Mediterranean climate allowed farmers in Athens to grow various crops. However, the land was not very fertile, and Athenians had to trade for many of their essential food items.
Greek-speaking tribes first came to Athens around 2000 B.C.E., perhaps from Asia Minor .
They named the city after Athena , the Greek Goddess of wisdom and military victory.
During the Mycenaean Period (circa 1600 - 1200 B.C.E.), Athens was a second-rank city, overshadowed by Mycenae, Thebes , and other city-states. Over the next several hundred years, Athenians resisted invading armies from other Greek city-states, and eventually united as a democracy around 500 B.C.E. During the Golden Age that followed, Athens became the center of Greek commercial and cultural power. By the late 400s B.C.E., the
Athenian population numbered approximately 150,000 people.

The physical layout of ancient Athens was dominated by surrounding mountains and rocky coasts. Situated on a plain about 4 miles from the Aegean Sea ,
Athens was a city enclosed by defensive walls. It was close enough to the sea to have the advantages of a harbor, yet far enough from other coastal settlements to discourage sudden naval invasion. The city's location has always provided a strong defensible position, particularly because of its most prominent geographic feature - the Acropolis , or high place in the city, an oval-shaped hill of rock that rises about 300 feet above the city.
Over the centuries, Athenians erected religious temples, altars, and statues at the top of the Acropolis. At its highest point stands the Parthenon , the temple of the city's special protector, or patron, the Goddess Athena. Two other important features of Athens were the Theater Dionysus on the southeastern slope of the Acropolis, and the marketplace, or Agora , located at the base of the Acropolis.
Athens was a densely populated city. Its narrow streets and alleyways were not laid out in any formal plan, and wee often dirty and crowded. Outside the center of the city were industrial suburbs. For example, the metalworking district was located on a low hill west of the Agora. The potters' quarter was located northwest of the Agora, outside of the city's gate, in an area known as the Ceramicus. The graveyards of the aristocratic families were also located at the outer edge of this neighborhood.
The Agora, or marketplace, was the center of Athenian life during much of its Golden Age. Reconstructed after the end of the Persian Wars in 479 B.C.E., the Agora contained temples, government buildings, and several columned buildings called stoas .
On the walls of the most beautiful stoas, artists depicted various historical vents, such as the Battle of Marathon , and religious scenes.
On any given day the entire Agora was bustling with noisy activity. In the large, open center, merchants sold their wares - haggling with customers over the prices for everything from food, clothes, and animals to pottery, chariots, and furniture. Public officials regularly patrolled the farm stalls and craft displays to check the quality of the goods. Any merchant found to be selling inferior merchandise was fined. Beautiful public buildings and temples lined two sides of the Agora. Citizens used public buildings to debate and vote on important political issues.
The Agora also served as a place for recreation. In the afternoons, men often visited the outdoor sports complex, or gymnasium, to exercise. The gymnasium consisted of a running track, a wrestling court, fields for throwing javelin, or light spear, and discus, or flat circular plate, over long distances. There were also rooms for changing and oiling down the body. In the evenings men remained in the Agora to socialize. One popular gathering place for men was the barber shop. Greek men went there for the latest hair styles, and to pick up the latest news and gossip circulating through the busy city.

- Complete the Station Notes Packet GRADED Handout
J by covering each Station below. Look at the visuals (mouse over each for title and click to
enlarge) and read the handouts provided for each station. Follow all directions carefully!
You can do this in groups
Parthenon)
Informational Handout (Architecture: The
Informational Handout (Commerce & Trade) Catalog of
Athenian Goods
Hecuba by Euripides
Informational Handout (Drama) Excerpt from
Informational Handout (Education) ..............
Greek Poem
Informational Handout (Law) Trial Against Socrates
Informational Handout (Pottery)

Examples of Ancient Athens Pottery:
Example A: This is a Black-Figure vase dating to the mid fifth century B.C.E.
It shows four men holding musical instruments including a double flute and a drum. This type of vase is called an amphora and was typically used to store grain, oil, and wine.
Example B: This is a Geometric vase dating to 760 B.C.E. The vase shows a stylized funeral scene in which funeral scene in which the deceased is lying down, surrounded by other human figures. This type of vase, called a funerary amphora, typically had a hole in the bottom so that relative of the deceased could place the vase on top of the grave and pour offerings of water or wine through the hole.
Example C: This is a Black-Figure vase dating to the late sixth or early fifth century B.C.E. The vase shows a woman drawing water at a fountain as the women behind her carry water jugs on their heads. This type of vase is called a hydria and was often used to hold water.
Example D: This is a Red-Figure vase dating to the fifth century B.C.E. It shows a groom leading a bride by the hand while another woman adjusts the bride's clothes. This type of vase is called a pynxis and was often used to store toilet articles such as women's cosmetics.

Example E: This is a Geometric vase dating to the late sixth century B.C.E. and measuring about 18 inches tall and 9 1/2 inches wide. This type of vase is called an oenochoe (pronounced EE-no-kee) and was typically used as a wine jug.
Example F: This is a Red-Figure vase dating tothe mid fifth century B.C.E. It shows several women presenting gifts to a bride on the day after her wedding. This type of vase is called a lebes gamikos and was a typical wedding gift for a wealthy bride. The bride, who is seated, holds a lebes gamikos on her lap.
Informational Handout (Religious Beliefs) The Panathenaic
Procession (Description)
Play CD Track of Ancient Greek processional music
Greek Marble Statues A & B Informational Handout (Sculpture)

Informational Handout (Slaves) ............
Silver Mine Setting
Informational Handout (Women - Home of a wealthy family)
GRADED EXTRA CREDIT (not required) HANDOUT K
Follow the directions given in the handout: Guidelines for Creating an Illustrated
Scrapbook GRADED EXTRA (not required) CREDIT HANDOUT K
The Parthenon - Design and Architecture
GRADED Assignments to hand in: City-State Flag (L) see example below when handing
in flag label this handout L when submitting to me & Critical Thinking Questions in
Issue Handouts M, N, O, P, These should be typed. Label each question by their
corresponding letter a,b,c,d. This best done as homework on your own
- Look at the pictures below and read the text for a background on this assignment.
(LINK)
Athens is located in south-central Greece, on the peninsula landmass called Attica . It sits on a large plain surrounded by mountains, and lies about four miles from the Aegean Sea . Because of Athens' proximity to the sea, it developed strong trade relationships with other city-states, allowing it to become powerful and prosperous.
During the fifth century B.C.E., Athens secured its powerful trade status by constructing the Long Walls . These two parallel walls stretched for four miles, connecting Athens with

its port city Piraeus , and thus ensuring the safe transport of trade goods inland from the coast. Another major Athenian economic asset was silver - obtained from the silver mine of Mt. Laurium - which helped finance the Athenians' social and military programs.
By the early 500s B.C.E., Athens had become the most important Greek city-state, primarily for two reasons: its democratic form of government, and its strong encouragement of the arts. Most free male Athenian citizens could vote and hold public office. Talented people from throughout Greece came to Athens to learn and study in various artistic fields. the best artists, architects, and writers came together in this unique, cosmopolitan city that became noted for its beauty and splendor.
In the early fifth century B.C.E., invasions from the Persian Empire severely threatened
Athens' independence and prosperity. After defeating the Persians in 479 B.C.E., Athens put together an alliance - called the Delian League - of numerous Greek city-states that would serve as a mutual defense pact against future Persian aggression. Over time, as
Athens grew more powerful, it became the dominant member of the alliance. League members paid an annual tribute to Athens in exchange for Athenian protection.
Eventually, Athens used these resources to crate a naval empire in the Aegean Sea and to fight its major enemy during the latter part of the fifth century B.C.E. - Sparta.
The city-state of Sparta was located in the southeastern part of the Greek region known as the Peloponnesus. The city sat on the northern tip of a plain, between high mountain regions to the east and west, and about 25 miles from the sea. Sparta's location on a fertile and rain-nourished plain enabled it to develop a strong farming economy.
Though based on fertile land, this farming economy was also a product of cheap forced labor. A large class of serfs called helots (pronounced HEH-lots) farmed the land and allowed the free Spartans to concentrate their efforts on other pursuits.
Sparta rose as a powerful city-state on the basis of its strong and stable oligarchic government and its militaristic lifestyle. All male citizens were required to perform full-time military service. This well-trained, full-time army enabled Sparta to be the dominant military power in southern Greece for several hundred years. In addition, it helped ensure that the helots would not rebel against the Spartans. In contrast to Athenian society, the Spartans' lifestyle was rigid and anti-intellectual. Spartans scorned wealth, splendor, and the arts: even during the height of their prosperity, they continued to build only wooden houses, and erected very few public monuments.
During the sixth century B.C.E., Sparta became the most prominent and powerful city on the Peloponnesus. Around 550 the Spartans became leaders of an alliance of Greek citystates that created a powerful, united force against all its enemies. The alliance - called the Peloponnesian League - helped Athens defeat Persia during the Persian Wars (490-479
B.C.E.). However, Athens' power and prestige continued to rise throughout the fifth century B.C.E. Sparta began to fear the spread of Athenian democracy to other city-states, which in turn might encourage Sparta's own helot class to rebel against the Spartan government. Thus, the Peloponnesian League began to seek ways to curb Athenian influence.

- Read the following Background Information on Neutral City-States, HANDOUT Q choose one and make a flag on a blank piece of paper for it. Use the city-state's characteristics to draw your flag. Consider the example below:
Example of possible Spartan flag: (remember this will be your L)
- Below are four different issues of Athenian and
Spartan culture. Read the Handout Q and answer the Critical Thinking Questions at the bottom for each of them ( On a separate lined piece of paper – label this paper Handout R.
You will copy the questions and answer in complete grammatically correct answers .).
Look at the corresponding pictures and listen to the CD Tracks .
Handout
Engraving of the Agora, or marketplace, in
Athens. The Acropolis is in the background.
CD Track
CD Track
Engraving of the Agora, or market place, in Sparta.
Handout
Engraving of an architect showing a blueprint to
Pericles, as construction is busily underway in
Engraving of Spartans exercising in the dromos, or physical training court, in Sparta.
CD Track

Athens.
CD Track
Engraving of Athenian women at home washing
clothes, caring for children, and embroidering
Handout
fabric.
CD Track
Painting of Spartan women mixing with men in public. The women in the foreground holds her baby while a man tries to determine whether it is healthy.
CD Track
Handout
Engraving of the Athenian harbor crowded with trade ships. Athens can be seen in the background.
CD Track
Engraving of Sparta situated in an agricultural valley.
CD Track
During the mid-fifth century B.C.E., the rivalry between Athens and Sparta intensified. In an effort to curb the rise of Athenian influence, Sparta issued Athens an ultimatum : Athens had to free all the cities under its control or face a war. Athens refused, and in the year 431 B.C.E., the war began.
The war between Athens and Sparta - called the Peloponnesian War - lasted for 27 years.
The war was primarily fought between the large forces of the Spartan army and the powerful Athenian naval fleet. When the Spartan army invaded the Athenian countryside in the second year of the war, most of the Athenian population gathered inside the city's walls for protection. It was then that a terrible plague struck Athens, spreading quickly through the overcrowded city. Before it was over, one of every four Athenians had died.
The war continued for 26 more years, with both sides winning and losing many battles and suffering many casualties. Finally, the Persians provided Sparta with funds to build a stronger fleet, and this helped the Spartans seal the Athenian's fate. The Persians hoped their assistance would prolong the war and result in the destruction of key Greek citystates. In 404 B.C.E., with much of its fleet destroyed and its population facing starvation,
Athens surrendered. Victorious, Sparta forced the Athenians to tear down the walls that surrounded their city.

After the war, Sparta ruled all of Greece for a short time. Then, in the early 300s B.C.E., the city-state of Thebes - aided by Persia - emerged as the leader of Greece. However, the other Greek city-states refused to accept Theban leadership, and fighting continued. By the mid 300s, the weakened Greek city-states were vulnerable to conquest from an emerging power to the north: the kingdom of Macedonia, led by King Philip II. In 338
B.C.E., Philip conquered Greece and created one kingdom.
GRADED Assignments to hand in: Alexander the Great: Hero/Villain Graphic
Organizer HANDOUT R
- Read the handout: Key Events in Alexander's Military
Career HANDOUT S and look at the map below.
This is a map of the conquests of Alexander the Great. The map shows the extent of Alexander's empire in 323 B.C.E. and indicates the major towns he founded and the cities he conquered.
- Complete the Alexander the Great: Hero and
Villain graphic organizer HANDOUT R by looking at the pictures below and reading the corresponding handouts. HANDOUTS T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,Z1 – There will be a sign-up sheet in front of room. Your group after reading HANDOUTS T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z,Z1 can choose 1 to act out – instructions have large “X” through them. First Come – First
Served. THIS SHOULD NOT BE ATTEMPTED UNTIL ENTIRE PACKET IS
COMPLETE
Event A: Alexander in Thebes
This is Alexander the Great on horseback during his conquest of Thebes. In the background, his soldiers are destroying one of the city's buildings. The Thebans in the foreground are asking him for mercy. Although Alexander destroyed much of Thebes and sold many of its citizens into slavery, he spared some of its inhabitants, including the women kneeling by his horse in this image.
Alexander from different perspectives: As the Conqueror & As the Conquered
HANDOUTS T-U
Event B: Alexander in Egypt

This is Alexander and his troops marching in front of the Sphinx in Giza, after taking over Egypt. Prior to this conquest, Egypt was ruled by the Persian Empire.
The people in the foreground are Persians who have just lost control of Egypt. They are chained to be taken away as captives by Alexander's troops.
Alexander from different perspectives: As the Conqueror & As the Conquered
HANDOUTS V-W
Event C: Alexander in Persia
This is part of a Roman mosaic showing Alexander and the Persian king,
Darius III, meeting in the battle of Issus. Alexander appears on the far left, while Darius is shown in a chariot toward the center. Based on a Greek painting that dates to the fourth century B.C.E., this first-century C.E. mosaic is believed to be the most reliable representation of Alexander's appearance in existence.
Alexander's troops burning and looting the main palace in Persepolis, the capital of Persian Empire. When Alexander conquered the Persians, he burned many of the grand buildings in Persepolis and destroyed or stole many of its royal treasures.
Alexander from different perspectives: As the Conqueror & As the Conquered
Handouts X-Y
Event D: Alexander in India
Alexander the Great and his troops approaching the Indian king, Porus, along the River Hydaspes in India. Porus is offering his sword to Alexander as a gesture of surrender.
Alexander from different perspectives: As the Conqueror & As the Conquered
Handouts Z-Z1

Alexander the Great
Conquerors: Alexander the Great
Assignment to hand in: Notes About Ancient Greek Achievements 4.1A
- Look at the picture below and read the following text:
The ancient Greeks made important contributions in many fields of learning, including astronomy, mathematics, and medicine. Greek scholars were extraordinarily successful in scientific fields for several reasons. First, Greek culture encouraged the pursuit of knowledge.
Secondly, many citizens in the Greek city-states were wealthy. They had money to support academies and other centers of learning, and free time to pursue academic interests. In addition,
Greeks who lived along the Aegean Sea traveled to and traded with other countries, such as Egypt and Babylonia. Through contact with other ancient cultures, they discovered and then built upon the scientific works of scholars from other parts of the ancient world.
Discoveries made by the ancient Greeks have influenced many aspects of modern life. Due to the work of ancient Greek astronomers, we have knowledge of the universe that enables us to explore distant planets. Several of the concepts we learn in mathematics rest upon their discoveries. Many of our everyday items employ scientific principles that Greek scholars first explained. For example, the cord mechanism we use to open and close curtains applies principles that Greeks discovered about the operation of a pulley. Seesaws, scissors, and fishing rods are just a few of many common objects that employ principles of the lever, also first explained by the Greeks. Indeed, the world has
benefited greatly from the scientific discoveries made by the ancient Greeks.
Fill out the Notes About Ancient Greek Achievements Chart 4.1A following the directions on the Information Handouts and below. The first column in the chart, "Major

Achievements" can be answered from the text in the Information Handouts, the second column of the chart, "Station Findings" can be answered from the Information
Handouts and below. The third column, "Modern Applications" can be answered by looking at the corresponding picture and text that follows - read and answer the question at the end of each in green .
Here we see historical buildings along the waterfront in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. The buildings in the upper left corner, which sits on a hill, is the
Philadelphia Museum of Art. What ancient Greek achievements in the field of architecture are shown in this modern image?
Information Handout 4.1A Greek Columns 4.1A
Here we see a sailboat crew checking a nautical map in Prince William
Sound, Alaska. What ancient Greek achievements in the field of geography are shown in this modern image?
Information Handout 4.1B Map of USA 4.1B
Here we see a doctor examining a young boy in a leg cast at a children's hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. What ancient Greek achievements in the field of medicine are shown in this modern image?
Information Handout 4.1C Hippocratic Oath 4.1C

Here we see flight controllers at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, celebrating the safe return of Apollo 13 from its mission to the moon in 1970. What ancient Greek achievements in the field of astronomy are shown in this modern image?
Informational Handout 4.1D
Here we see a zoologist examining the thighbones of animal specimens. What ancient Greek achievements in the field of zoology are shown in this modern image?
Informational Handout 4.1 E Evolution of Horse 4.1E
Here we see two people playing on a seesaw in a village near Seoul, South
Korea. What ancient Greek achievements in the field of engineering are shown in this modern image?
Informational Handout 4.1F Video 1 - Levers Video 2 - Levers (Answer the
question: Why are levers so important to us today?)

Here we see a math teacher explaining geometry concepts to students with the aid of three-dimensional models. What ancient Greek achievements in the field of mathematics are shown in this modern image?
Informational Handout 4.1G Video: Pythagorean Theorem ( Draw a diagram on how the Pythagorean Theorem is used )
Here we see a gigantic column of water rising from the explosion of an atomic bomb at Bikini Atoll, an island in the southwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. What ancient Greek achievements in the field of physics are shown in this modern image?
Informational Handout 4.1H Website: PBS - Electricity (Answer the question: What is the difference between AC and DC current?
)