CHAPTER 7: FOREIGN AFFAIRS IN THE EARLY REPUBLIC
SECTION 1: A TIME OF CONFLICT
I.
FREEDOM OF THE SEAS
A. Barbary Coast Pirates-- North Africa
B. Britain & France @ War
1. US Neutral Rights
2. Britain/France search & seize ships trading with the enemy
3. Impressment
II. Embargo Act of 1807
A. Banned Imports from & Exports to all foreign countries
B. Ineffective & hurt American Trade
III. Election of 1808
A. James Madison (Republican) defeats Pinckney (Federalist)
B. Calls for war with Britain
IV. Natives on the Frontier
A. Tecumseh formed Shawnee Confederacy
B. The Prophet urged Natives to give up White Ways
C. Battle of Tippecanoe
1. William Henry Harrison defeated Natives at Prophetstown, Indiana Territory
V. DECLARING WAR
A. War Hawks—South & West Republicans wanted war with Britain
B. Madison asks for declaration of war in June 1812
SECTION 2—WAR OF 1812
I.
Outbreak of War
A. America lost Detroit
B. Oliver Hazard Perry won Lake Erie’
C. American attacked Toronto but didn’t conquer Canada
II.
Battle of Horseshoe Bend—1814
A. Andrew Jackson slaughtered Creeks in Alabama
III.
British Offensive
A. 1814—British Defeated French
B. Sailed into Chesapeake Bay, marched to Washington D.C. and burned the Capitol and
White House
IV.
Battle of Baltimore--1814
A. Americans hold Ft. McHenry
B. Francis Scott Key wrote “Star Spangled Banner”
V.
War Ends
A. US victory at Lake Champlain
B. British saw war as too costly and unnecessary
C. Treaty of Ghent—1814
No mention of impressment, no change of borders
VI.
Battle of New Orleans—Dec. 1814
A. Before news of Treaty reached US—British forces moved on New Orleans
B. US--Jackson won a decisive victory
VII.
Hartford Convention--1814
A. Federalists gather in CT
B. Opposed Madison’s War—Debated Secession
C. Proposed Amendments to Constitution
D. Ruins Federalist Party--Unpatriotic
SECTION 3—FOREIGN RELATIONS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
RESULTS OF WAR:
A. Increased Nationalism
B. America international power
C. Opened West for expansion
James Monroe (Rep) elected in 1816
ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
A. Americans united & Political divisions fade; felt superior to Europe
B. John Quincy Adams—Secretary of State
Relations with Britain
A. Rush-Bagot Treaty--1817
B. Limit ships in Great Lakes
C. Demilitarized border between US & Canada—49th Parallel
Oregon Country
A. Americans gained right to settle OR
Joint Occupation with British
Russia & Spain claimed land too
Relations with Spain
A. Jackson invaded Florida & seized forts
ADAMS-ONIS TREATY—1819
Spain Cedes Florida to US
US abandons claim to Texas
Central & Latin America
A. Mexico Won Independence from Spain-1821
B. Simon Bolivar-”The Liberator”—led movements for independence in Venezuela,
Columbia, Panama, Bolivia & Ecuador
MONROE DOCTRINE--1823
A. Quadruple Alliance—France, Austria, Russia & Prussia--plan to help Spain regain America
B. American Continents not to be subject to colonization by Europe
C. No European nation should interfere with US