List of resources This document includes a list of all the resources included on the website as well as ‘questions to consider’, web links and video links. SECTION 1: INVESTIGATING GEOGRAPHY What is geography about? IMAGE: question signs [Image: Pixabay] Can geography be a flavour? 8 IMAGES: Caffe latte [Image: Pixabay], coffee beans [Image: Pixabay], coffee plant [Image: Pixabay], coffee plantations [Image: Pixabay], decorated coffee [Image: Pixabay], ground coffee [Image: Pixabay], Italian vineyards [Image: Pixabay], tea plantations [Image: Pixabay] WEBLINK Starbucks slogan: http://misspitchers.edublogs.org/ Geographical news gathering by the general public 5 IMAGES: Child photographing garden [Image: Pixabay], long lens [Image: Pixabay], newspaper [Image: Pixabay], tablet and mobile [Image: Pixabay], tourists with cameras [Image: Pixabay] SECTION 2: GEOGRAPHY THROUGH IMAGES What’s in a photograph? Select some suitable photographs for the starter and plenary from the range of images in the online resources. Googling the Amazon 2 IMAGES: Brazilian amazon riverbank [IMAGE: Google Earth], Leeds street [IMAGE: Brin Best] ‘Interesting’ geographical images Select some suitable photographs for the starter and plenary from the range of images in the online resources. Looking for evidence of change Select some suitable photographs for the starter and plenary from the range of images in the online resources. Images that convey geographical meaning There are no online resources specifically for this entry. The whole picture? Select some suitable photographs for the starter and plenary from the range of images in the online resources. SECTION 3: MANAGING URBAN AREAS Looking at cityscapes 4 IMAGES: Indian cityscape [Image: Pixabay], London Eye - northeast [Image: Pixabay], London Eye - northwest [Image: Pixabay], London cityscape [Image: Pixabay], Singapore cityscape [Image: Pixabay], Dubai cityscape [Image: Ollie Padget] Dubai cityscape, United Arab Emirates QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What is your impression of the wealth of this city? 2. What evidence is there to show that this city is in the Middle East? 3. What evidence is there that this is an important ‘world city’? The value of sustainable urban drainage systems (SuDs) Printable pupil stimulus material SuDs information sheet Improving Sheffield city centre Power Point presentation Regeneration measures flash cards Managing visitors to York 7 IMAGES: York - floods [Image: Brin Best], Nov 2012 swan close-up [Image: Brin Best], York - floods, Nov 2012 riverside buildings [Image: Brin Best], York - floods, Nov 2012 swan + hotel [Image: Brin Best], York - floods, Nov 2012 riverside pub [Image: Brin Best], York - Micklegate Bar [Image: Brin Best], York - no floods, Oct 2013 hotel [Image: Brin Best] Printable pupil stimulus material VIDEOS York, England: Visit England Travel Series [YouTube] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGpcfgxAkfs An American perspective on some of York’s main tourist destinations, with invideo commentary from an enthusiastic young traveller York Sustainable Tourism [YouTube] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tn5Uc6OONX8 A presentation by Ian Tempest (project manager of the City of York Tourism Strategy) on sustainable tourism in the city. York, UK [YouTube] http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Al_yxaJW-A A narration-free video tour of some of the key sites in the city, filmed when a horse-racing event was taking place at the York Races. Retail heaven in Leeds? 14 IMAGES: Leeds old and new [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - calls landing [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - modern flats [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre Apple store [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre Bhangra dancers [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre customer service lounge [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre entrance [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre food area [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre giant computer game [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre horse sculpture [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre ice cream shop [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre interior [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre iPad area [Image: Brin Best], Leeds - Trinity Centre street food [Image: Brin Best] Printable pupil stimulus material VIDEO: Leeds - Bhangra in Trinity Centre [Video: Brin Best] SECTION 4: MANAGING RURAL AREAS Connecting rural communities sustainably 3 IMAGES: Bike warning sign [Image: Pixabay], four bikes in a row [Image: Pixabay], two bike riders at sunset [Image: Pixabay] The Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority press release Geographical skills can save your life! IMAGE: Helicopter rescue [Image: Pixabay] Mountain Rescue Service Information Card Glastonbury divides opinion 5 IMAGES: Festival stage [Image: Pixabay], festival crowd [Image: Pixabay], festival crowd close-up [Image: Pixabay], Keith Richards [Image: Pixabay], stadium after concert [Image: Pixabay] Re-wilding the countryside 3 IMAGES: Bison [Image: Pixabay], lynx [Image: Pixabay], wolf [Image: Pixabay] Printable pupil stimulus material SECTION 5: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Rivers and their management There are no online resources specifically for this entry. The fracas about fracking IMAGE: Construction worker [Image: Pixabay] NEWSPAPER ARTICLE: ‘Communities get fractious about drilling for shale gas’ Water, the essence of life IMAGE: Mosquito [Image: Pixabay] VIDEO: http://www.wateraid.org/where-wework/page/nicaragua#/djvBzxu5TiA Printable pupil stimulus material Water, the essence of life worksheet New trends in 21st century tourism IMAGE: Dubai beach [Image: Pixabay] Printable pupil stimulus material WEBLINK The World (archipelago) [Wikipedia] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_world_islands A helpful article with further background information and some striking images of the development. A high price for gemstones and precious metals? Gemstone mining magazine article 4 IMAGES: Gemstones [Image: Pixabay], gold bangle [Image: Pixabay], gold digger painting [Image: Pixabay], miners - old photo [Image: Pixabay] SECTION 6: NATURAL HAZARDS Dealing with an increasingly flooded world Calderdale flood article IMAGE x2: Natural hazards and their effects on people, property and the environment IMAGE: Earthquake damage [Image: Pixabay] Earthquake witness account Huge meteor explodes in Russian atmosphere 2013 Chelyabinsk meteor air burst information sheet SECTION 7: WILDLIFE CONSERVATION AND PEOPLE Looking after the local environment – the role of wildlife trusts Attenborough Nature Reserve Visitor Centre - Nottinghamshire [Image: Steve Padget, Cumbria landscape [Image: Steve Padget] Printable pupil stimulus material The white-tailed eagle IMAGE: White-tailed eagle [Image: Pixabay] LINK TO BBC SEQUENCE ON THE EAGLES ON MULL: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00c1m4d The white-tailed eagle information sheet Printable pupil stimulus material Living with conservation IMAGE: River Ganges [Image: Pixabay] Printable pupil stimulus material Why ‘dolphin-friendly’ fishing? 2 IMAGES: Dolphin 1 [Image: Pixabay], dolphin 2 [Image: Pixabay] Printable pupil stimulus material SECTION 8: MAJOR CHALLENGES IN THE UK TODAY The effects of the weather on different UK traders IMAGE: Rain falling [Image: Pixabay] Seeking new opportunities in the UK 3 IMAGES: Kurdish flag [Image: Pixabay], polish flag [Image: Pixabay], Somali flag [Image: Pixabay] Personal accounts from three people who have moved to the UK Printable pupil stimulus material Managing our dwindling energy supplies Liverpool - wind turbine [Image: Steve Padget] Printable pupil stimulus material The environmental performance of fast-food outlets WEBLINK: Subway leaflet How could you improve quality of life in Britain? 4 IMAGES: Happy jumping youths [Image: Pixabay], smiling African children [Image: Pixabay], smiling children [Image: Pixabay], smiling pupil [Image: Pixabay] Printable pupil stimulus material SECTION 9: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY Aquaculture – do the costs outweigh the benefits? IMAGE: Rainbow trout [Image: Pixabay] Printable pupil stimulus material Environmental impact of aquaculture worksheet Fairtrade farming – producing cocoa in Ghana 2 IMAGES: Cocoa tree [Image: Pixabay], cocoa pod close-up [Image: Pixabay] Printable pupil stimulus material Fairtrade Principles factsheet and worksheets A car for everyone? 2 IMAGES: Postman’s bike - India [Image: Pixabay], proud Indians [Image: Pixabay] Sustainable development of tropical forests 5 IMAGES: Brazil rainforest - parrots [Image: Pixabay], Ecuador flag [Image: Pixabay], Ecuador - Indian market [Image: Pixabay], Ecuador - llamas in the Andes [Image: Pixabay], Ecuador - village school [Image: Pixabay] Interview with a local guide SECTION 10: GEOGRAPHICAL REFLECTION Reflecting on your geography course IMAGE: Question signs [Image: Pixabay] More reflection on your geography course IMAGE: Question signs [Image: Pixabay] ADDITIONAL IMAGES Arran - holiday cottage [Image: Brin Best] Tourism is a key part of the economy on the Isle of Arran, a picturesque island situated off the west coast of Scotland. This pretty former fisherman’s cottage is one of hundreds of properties on the island that are rented out to holiday makers. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Why do local people on Arran rent out properties to tourists? 2. Who might be against the annual influx of tourists to Arran during the holiday season and what are the reasons for their objection? (Name at least two different groups of people, with their reasons). 3. Once they have left school most young people leave Arran and only return to see their families. Why do you think they do this? Arran - seal and Ailsa Craig [Image: Brin Best] Tourists visiting the Isle of Arran can get exceptionally good views of the resident seal population. This individual has hauled out on a rock at a traditional site on the south of the island, and is ‘posing’ in front of Ailsa Craig, a small rocky island that is famous for its huge seabird colonies. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Why do you think seals find the Isle of Arran so attractive? 2. The Arran tourist board is developing a ‘code of conduct’ for seal watching, which will be included in the information pack given out on the ferry to the island. Why do you think this code of conduct is necessary? 3. What should be included in the code of conduct for seal watching? (Name three things). Arran - young otter spotter [Image: Brin Best] Several companies now run nature tours on the Isle of Arran, a wildlife-rich island off the west coast of Scotland. The trips give the visitors the opportunity to see golden eagles, basking sharks and otters in the company of a knowledgeable guide. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Why might farmers prefer it if visitors joined organised tours of Arran, rather than exploring the countryside on their own? 2. How could the setting up of nature tour companies be a benefit to young people from Arran? 3. How could wildlife on Arran benefit through the setting up of nature tour companies? Canada - mountain scene [Image: Roy Broom] The rugged beauty of western Canada’s mountains and lakes is accessible to tourists through luxury coach and cruise holidays, where participants even get the chance to pan for real gold and keep any nuggets or flecks of the precious metal that they find. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What physical features would tourists expect to see on a trip to western Canada? (Mention river and glacial features). 2. Which of these physical features would you not expect find in the UK? 3. Much of Canada consists of wild and remote wilderness, where nobody lives. Why are wilderness areas - wherever they occur in the world - important to people? Canal view - Leicestershire [Image: Steve Padget] A view of the Grand Union Canal, Leicestershire QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What is the main difference between a canal and a river? 2. Why is this boat long and narrow? 3. What did canal boats carry in the past? What do they mainly carry today? Car destroyed by tornado [Image: Pixabay] These are the mangled remains of a sports car, which has been hurled through the air by one of the most powerful tornadoes ever to have touch down in the USA in Moore, Oklahoma. All around it are the splintered remnants of homes and lives that have been completely destroyed during this ‘mega-tornado’. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What measures can people take to reduce the effects of tornadoes? 2. What role does accurate local weather forecasting play in helping people to live with tornadoes? 3. Some people chase tornadoes as a hobby and occasionally manage to get amazing video footage of the twister as they hit settlements. On a scale of 1 to 10 how irresponsible do you think these storm-chasers are? Justify your answer. Compass [Image: Pixabay] This image can be used with a variety of entries as necessary. DUBAI IMAGES Dubai - Khalifa Tower 1 [Image: Ollie Padget] The Khalifa Tower, Dubai (United Arab Emirates), is currently the world’s tallest building QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. This is the tallest building in the world – (829.8 meters). What do you think the building is made of? 2. Why was this tower built? 3. What could it be used for? Dubai - Khalifa Tower 2 [Image: Ollie Padget] QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Which other cities have very tall buildings? 2. Compare the dimensions and age of this building with those of the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and the Empire State Building in New York. EDINBURGH IMAGES Edinburgh - castle view [Image: Brin Best] Edinburgh Castle sits dramatically above the city on an elevated rock perch QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Edinburgh is often considered to be the city in the UK with the best standard of living for its residents. What factors do you think make Edinburgh such a great place to live? 2. Think of a UK city that is not as fortunate as Edinburgh and has a poorer standard of living. What are the main factors that make quality of life there poor in comparison with Edinburgh? 3. All cities change over time. What are the main risks to Edinburgh in terms of the potential for it to lose its positive features? Edinburgh - crowds on greens [Image: Brin Best] The open fields and parkland near the Centre of Edinburgh are busy with students and visitors on fine days, enjoying barbecues, picnics and outdoor parties QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER See ‘Edinburgh - castle view’ image Edinburgh - Royal Mile [Image: Brin Best] The main thoroughfare across Edinburgh’s old town, the Royal Mile, is always thronged with tourists who come in search of historic buildings, famous museums and a huge range of shops QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER See ‘Edinburgh - castle view’ image FRENCH IMAGES France - menhirs [Image: Steve Padget] Bronze Age menhirs, near Carnac in Brittany, France QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Is this a natural or a man-made arrangement of stones? How do you know? 2. Why is this site a magnet for tourists? 3. Why might it also be a magnet for archaeologists? France - Millau Viaduct [Image: Steve Padget] The spectacular Millau Viaduct over the Tarn valley in southern France QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. This amazing bridge, currently the highest in the world, took three years to build (2001-2004) and is described as an ‘outstanding structure’ – why? 2. How has the bridge helped the people of the Tarn valley? 3. What problems can large-scale construction projects such as this cause? France - sunflowers in field [Image: Steve Padget] A field of sunflowers in southern France QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. This photograph shows sunflowers being grown on a commercial scale. What food products do we get from sunflowers? (Name at least two foods). 2. During which season of the year was this photograph taken? How do you know? 3. What other crops are grown in Europe for the production of vegetable oil? Gabon - beach [Image: Emma Lockley] Mayumba beach, Gabon QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. How would you describe this rather wild piece of coast? 2. What evidence of human communications can you see? 3. What opportunities might there be here for people to carry out leisure activities? Gabon - beach after storm [Image: Emma Lockley] A beach following a storm, Gabon QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What do you think the weather was like when this shot was taken? 2. What evidence is there of damage to vegetation? 3. What useful items for people can storms bring to beaches such as this? Gabon - bush airport [Image: Emma Lockley] The view from a bush airport in Gabon QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. This is a remote landing strip in a rural part of Gabon. Why do you think it so important? 2. What would the minimum facilities need to be on a landing strip such as this? 3. What vital services do you think the poles carrying? Gabon - deforestation [Image: Emma Lockley] Deforestation on the Mayumba Road, Gabon QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Why do you think the forest is being cleared here? 2. What will be the value of this project to the people of the area? 3. Why are the impacts on wildlife when forests are cleared? Gabon - houses [Image: Emma Lockley] Houses at Mayumba, Gabon QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What do you find remarkable about these houses? 2. How has this group of buildings come about? 3. What is the evidence for this being a French-speaking country? Gabon - lagoon [Image: Emma Lockley] A lagoon near Mayumba, Gabon QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. This is part of a huge salt-water lagoon near the coast – what is unusual about the sand that can be seen? 2. Can you suggest why there are bleached and broken branches on the beach? 3. How might people make a living in this area? Gabon - mangroves [Image: Emma Lockley A mangrove forest near Mayumba, Gabon QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What evidence is there that this is on the coast of an equatorial country? 2. What wildlife would you expect to see near the water’s edge? 3. Why are mangrove forests threatened around the world? Gabon - Mayumba National Park entrance [Image: Emma Lockley] The entrance to Mayumba National Park, Gabon QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What three words would you use to describe the vegetation in this photograph? 2. What would you have been able to hear were you to have taken this photograph? 3. Where are visitors likely to have travelled from to enjoy the wildlife of the national park? Gabon - Mayumba National Park interior [Image: Emma Lockley] Inside the Mayumba National Park, Gabon QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What do you imagine is the function of the building on the right? 2. What other visitor facilities would a national park need to have? 3. What is the value of a national park such as this to a less economically developed country? Hill farming - North Yorkshire [Image: Steve Padget] Hill farming in North Yorkshire, UK QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Why are sheep farms often seen in upland areas? 2. How are sheep transported to market? 3. What would the farmer need to do in the winter to look after the flock? HONG KONG IMAGES Hong Kong - city Centre [Image: Tom Beasor] The city centre landscape in Hong Kong QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What construction materials do you see being used here? 2. Why do you think buildings have been built upwards on such a scale? 3. What do you imagine is the function of these buildings? Hong Kong - finance centre [Image: Tom Beasor] The Two International Finance Centre in Hong Kong QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What does the construction of this building show about Hong Kong today? 2. What advantages do companies get by building heir offices in such high structures? 3. What are the drawbacks for office workers based in these high-rise towers? Hong Kong - Victoria Harbour [Image: Tom Beasor] A view across Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What is the type of old craft visible in the harbour? 2. What do you think the function of the large modern white boat is? 3. How do the sea and the mountains affect the land use and economic activity in Hong Kong? INDIA IMAGES India - Ganges fishermen [Image: Ollie Padget] Fishermen on the Ganges River in Bihar state, India (see p.114) QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What do you notice about the boat and the equipment being used? 2. What environmental impact will their activities have? 3. For whom are the fishermen catching the fish? India - langur monkey [Image: Ollie Padget] A langur monkey with young at Bhagalpur, Bihar state, India QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. These animals live in close proximity to humans – what problems could this bring? 2. The monkey is on a house roof – what is your impression of the state of the house? 3. Should the urban monkey population be controlled? India - Vikramshila Sethu bridge [Image: Ollie Padget] The Vikramshila Sethu Bridge provides a vital link across the Ganges River in Bihar state, India QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. This bridge is 4.7km long and was completed in 2001 – what do you think it is made of? 2. What impression do you get of the Ganges River from this photograph? 3. What are the immediate benefits of such a major project, for both people and businesses? India - Vikramshila Sethu bridge traffic 1 [Image: Ollie Padget] Mixed traffic on the Vikramshila Sethu Bridge in Bihar state, India QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. From the evidence in the photograph, who do you think is using the bridge? (Make a list of the different users). 2. Why are there cattle on the bridge? India - Vikramshila Sethu bridge traffic 2 [Image: Ollie Padget] Mixed traffic on the Vikramshila Sethu Bridge in Bihar state, India QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. This is a two lane bridge with pedestrian walkways on either side. There is a toll for heavy vehicles – do you think this is fair? 2. What types of businesses would get particular benefit from the bridge? Tenerife - volcanic landscape [Image: Steve Padget] The volcanic landscape within the El Teide National Park, Tenerife (Spain) 1. This area has been used for location shots for one of the Star Wars films – why do you think it was thought suitable? 2. How would you describe the nature of the rock in the foreground? 3. Why is there no vegetation visible in this shot? What problems would this create for people who wanted to live in this place? ITALY IMAGES Italy - lake view [Image: Roy Broom] Lake Maggiore is a beautiful water body situated in the Italian Lake District, in the north of the country. The region is a popular tourist destination for both Italian nationals and visitors from other countries. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Why is the geographical setting of Lake Maggiore so attractive to tourists? 2. Which other countries, in addition to Italy, have a picturesque lake district which is a honeypot for tourists? (Name at least two other countries). 3. How could the weather conditions affect the income local people around Lake Maggiore earn from tourists? Italy - sledging [Image: Carlo Rizzo] Sledging and skiing are two sporting activities that visitors to the Italian Dolomite mountains carry out in winter. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. How can winter sports activities damage the ecology of area such as the Italian Dolomites? 2. What types of jobs could winter sports create for local people in the Italian Dolomites? (Try to think of five different jobs). 3. There are many areas in the Italian Dolomites that are designated as nature reserves for their rare plant and animal life, despite being situated very close to popular skiing areas. Do you think it is possible for winter sports and nature to co-exist? South African shanty town [Image: Pixabay] Millions of people in less economically developed countries live in shanty towns, such as here on the outskirts of Johannesburg, South Africa. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Why do so many people end of living in shanty towns in less economically developed countries? 2. What problems do people encounter when they live in shanty towns? (Try to mention at least five things). ROTHERHAM IMAGES Rotherham - empty shop [Image: Brin Best] Despite work to regenerate the town Centre in Rotherham, South Yorkshire, there are several vacant shops on the roads heading into the town. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. What factors could have led to the shop shown in the photograph being closed? 2. What negative effects could shop closures like the ones shown in the photograph bring to people, property and the environment? 3. What could the local authorities in Rotherham do to help traders move into vacant shops? (Mention three things). Rotherham - market place [Image: Brin Best] The vibrant street market in Rotherham (South Yorkshire) has recently been boosted by the opening of the Jamie’s Ministry of Food shop and culinary training Centre owned by TV chef Jamie Oliver. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Why are street markets important to the economy of towns such as Rotherham? 2. Jamie’s Ministry of Food sells high quality bread, pastries and cakes, as well as running cooking courses for local people. In what ways is it a positive addition to Rotherham town Centre? 3. How could market traders in Rotherham make their goods attractive to a wider range of people? RIVER FEATURES IMAGES Icelandic waterfall [Image: Pixabay] The immense power of water is visible in this image of the Goðafoss waterfall in Iceland, which has carved a deep channel into the rock. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. Why might visitors travel to this location? (Mention three reasons). 2. What management measures would the local authorities need to introduce to ensure visitors to this location are kept safe? 3. What activities might a group of geography pupils carry out at this location, in order to find out more about the site? (Mention two things). Rocky River and bridge [Image: Pixabay] Rivers in their upper course are usually fairly narrow and shallow, with a rocky bed consisting of many large boulders, such as here in Scotland QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER See ‘Icelandic waterfall’ image USA - horseshoe bend [Image: Pixabay] The enormous erosive power of rivers can be seen in this dramatic incised meander along the Colorado River in Arizona, USA, which has been named ‘Horseshoe Bend’. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER See ‘Icelandic waterfall’ image Thailand - Chao Phray River, Bangkok [Image: Tom Beasor] A view across the Chao Phray River in Bangkok, Thailand QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 1. There are no bridges visible in this photograph – what do people use to cross the river instead? 2. The large white building is the Baan Chaopraya development – what is the function of this building? (On-line research required) 3. There are some older buildings in this shot. What do you think they are used for? THINKING PUPILS IMAGES Thinking pupil 1 [Image: Pixabay] Thinking pupil 2 [Image: Pixabay] These images can be used when pupils are working on a variety of tasks, in particular those in Section 10: Geographical reflection. ©Brin Best and Steve Padget 2014