Kingdom Plantae
Unit 3
Video: Kingdom Plantae
Video Quiz
What is a plant?
 Plants are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls made of
cellulose.
 They carry out photosynthesis using the green pigment
chlorophyll.
 Plants include trees, shrubs, grasses, mosses, flowers and ferns.
Overview
 Flowering plants make up almost 90% of all plant species.
We will study the 4 main divisions:
1) Non-Vascular Plants
2) Seedless Vascular Plants
3) Gymnosperms
4) Angiosperm
Overview
Non-Vascular Plants
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generally small, low to the ground
live on land in moist, shaded habitats
lack vascular tissue
lack true roots, leaves and stems
water required for reproduction
(do not form seeds)
 Ex. Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts
Mosses
 Phylum Bryophyta
 Many mosses can tolerate low temperatures, and grow
abundantly in swamps and bogs.
 "Leaves" are only one cell thick, so they lose water quickly if the
air is dry.
 They do not have true roots, but have rhizoids, which are long,
thin cells that anchor them in the ground.
Liverworts
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Phylum Hepaticophyta
Some species resemble the shape of a liver.
Flat leaf-like structures very close to the ground.
Can reproduce sexually and asexually.
Hornworts
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Phylum Anthocerophyta
Generally found in soil that is moist year-round.
Look very similar to Liverworts.
During part of their life cycle, they look like a tiny green horn.
Read and Respond
1. Read pages 556-559 in textbook
2. Answer questions #1, 2, 4on page 559.
Warm-Up!
1. What are the four division of plants?
2. Plants contain ________ in their chloroplasts.
3. Plant’s cell walls contain ___________.
Seedless Vascular Plants
 Vascular tissue: a type of plant tissue specialized to conduct water
and nutrients through the plant
 Xylem - carries water upward from the roots
 Phloem - transports solutions of nutrients and carbohydrates
 Can move fluids through the plant body, even against the force of
gravity.
Seedless Vascular Plants
 Lignin makes the cell wall rigid, and together
with the transport system, allows plants to
reach great heights.
 Seedless vascular plants include club mosses,
horsetails and ferns.
 Have true roots, leaves and stems.
Seedless Vascular Plants
 Roots are underground organs that absorb
water and minerals.
 Leaves are photosynthetic organs that
contain one or more bundles of vascular
tissue. This vascular tissue is gathered into
veins made of xylem and phloem.
 Stems are supporting structures that
connect roots and leaves, carrying water
and nutrients between them.
Club Mosses
 Club mosses are small plants that live in moist woodlands.
 Members of the genus Lycopodium (common club moss) look like
miniature pine trees.
Horsetails
 Non-photosynthetic, scale-like leaves are arranged in distinctive
whorls at joints along the stem.
 Contain crystals of abrasive silica.
 Horsetails were commonly used to scour pots and pans.
Ferns
 Have true vascular tissues, strong roots, creeping or underground
stems called rhizomes and large leaves called fronds.
 Can thrive in areas with little light; most abundant in wet habitats.
Practice
 Read pages 560-563
 Answer questions 1,2,5 on page 563
Warm-Up!
1.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of plants?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
Eukaryotic
Cell walls contain chitin
Multicellular
Contains chloroplasts
The leaves of ferns are called?
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
Sori
Rhizomes
Fronds
Spores
Water is carried up through the roots to every part in the plant by:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cells walls
Cuticle
Phloem
Xylem
Seed Plants
 Two groups of seed plants:
 Gymnosperms
 Angiosperms
 Gymnosperms ("naked seed") bear their seeds directly
on the surfaces of cones; includes conifers, palm-like plants.
 Angiosperms ("enclosed seed") bear their seeds in a protective
layer of tissue; grasses, flowering trees and shrubs, all species of
flowers.
Seed Plants
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Cones: seed-bearing structures of gymnosperms
Flowers: seed-bearing structures of angiosperms
Pollen grain: sperm-producing part of the plant
Pollen is carried to the female reproductive structure by wind,
insects, or small animals.
Seed Plants
 A seed is an embryo that is encased in a protective covering,
and surrounded by a food supply.
 An embryo is the early stage of plant development.
 Special adaptations that help them to disperse:
 e.g. textured to stick in fur; "wings"; fruits that are eaten
Gymnosperms
 Gymnosperms include gnetophytes, cycads, ginkgoes and
conifers.
Conifers
 Most common gymnosperms; includes pines, spruces, firs,
cedars, redwoods, junipers, etc.
 Thrive in a wide variety of habitats.
 Leaves are long, thin needles - reduces evaporation.
 Most are "evergreens" - retain leaves throughout the year.
Angiosperms
 Angiosperms develop unique reproductive organs known as
flowers.
 Evolutionary advantage - attract animals which then transport
pollen (more efficient).
 Flowers contain ovaries, which surround and protect the seeds.
5
Angiosperms
 After pollination, the ovary develops into a fruit, which protects
the seed and helps it disperse.
 Fruit - wall of tissue surrounding the seed; attracts animals, which
digest and spread the seed.
Monocots and Dicots
 Monocots and dicots are named for
the number of seed leaves, or
cotyledons, in the plant embryo.
 Monocots = one seed leaf (corn,
wheat, lilies, orchids)
 Dicots = two seed leaves (roses,
clover, tomatoes, oaks, daisies)
 Cotyledon: the first leaf or pair of
leaves produced by the embryo.
Textbook Time!
Warm-Up!
 Fill in the missing parts
1
3
4
5
2
Flower Dissection
Warm-Up
 List 3 differences between moncots and dicots.
Review for Test #4
Warm-Up!
1. What are the 4 animal-like protists?
2. What is the difference between gymnosperms and
angiosperms?
3. What is the difference between pollination and fertilization?
Grudge Ball
Question #1
 What is the following organism?
 What is its classification? (Domain, Kingdom and Phylum)
Question #2
 What are the two components that make up vascular
tissue? What do they do?
Question #3
 Label the following paramecium
Question #4
 What are the four divisions of plants?
 What two are able to produce seeds?
Question #5
 How do fungi reproduce?
Question #6
 What are the four animal like protists?
 How do they move?
Question #7
 Label the following mushroom
2
1
3
Question #8
 Label the following flower
Question #9
 What are the 3 divisions of Non-Vascular Plants?
 What kind of environment must they live in?
Question #10
 What are the 3 divisions of Seedless Vascular Plants?
Question #11
 What are some differences between Kingdom Fungi
and Kingdom Plantae?