Using Chicago Manual of Style to Avoid
Plagiarism & Other Forms of Academic
Dishonesty
Revised September 2015
◦ Citations are mandatory for all academic
papers and presentations.
◦ If you submit any paper, even a rough draft
without citations, it still counts as plagiarism
 You will be penalised for this:
 Zero on the assignment
 Academic Alert
 In the worst cases, a student may be placed on
probation or expelled from the college.
• Few academic presentations and papers are
produced without help.
• To put this together, we received help from:
www.lib.sfu.ca/helpwriting/
And
www.owl.english.edu/writinglab/
• Links to these websites may be found on the
Writing and Learning Centre’s web pages under
“Citation Style Guides”.
•
CMS (Chicago Manual of Style)
• CMS is most commonly used in the disciplines of history,
film studies and is also used in other humanities such as
literature.
• CMS style is more than citations and bibliography
• It also refers to how the paper is set up
• The next slides outline key features of CMS style
• These are essential elements for the papers you hand in at AC
• Failure to comply with these guidelines will cost you
marks
Body of the Essay:
• Letter Size paper (not A4)
• 1” (2.54 cm) margins on all 4 sides
• Indent the first line of paragraphs by ½” (1.27 cm)
• 12 pt. font
• Essay is DOUBLE-SPACED
Bibliography:
• Hanging Indent of ½” (1.27 cm)
• Same font
• Single –spaced – leave a line between entries
Title of your paper
located
approximately 1/3 of
the way down
Film as a Motivator of Social Change
Leave several lines
Your name
Title of your course
Date handed in
Sam Wong
Film 101: Appreciation: World Cinema
February 2, 2015
Page numbers in upper right
corner of the page header.
1
Aside from being a major advance in the
Begin your essay at the top of
page 1. The title does not
appear inside your paper.
technology of film, “moving pictures” or “movies” as
they have come to be more commonly known reflect
the societies in which they are made. Indian movies
reflect the values, concerns, and viewpoints of India,
American movies reflect the values, concerns and
The entire essay is
Letter size paper NOT A4
DOUBLE-SPACED,
1” margins on all sides,
12 pt. easy to read font.
1 space between sentences
viewpoints of America, etc. Films are not just a
reflection of the cultures in which they are created.
They are often a lens for critically analysing our
perceptions, values and moral stances and, more
significantly, can be a motivator for social change.
•
“Cite as you Write” is a good way to avoid
an academic alert.
• We recommend including citations in your
research notes, essay outlines, and the first
and final drafts of any essay.
Direct Quote: When you are using the author’s own
words. The exact words should be in “quotations”.
Paraphrase & Summaries: This is when you are putting
what the author has said into your own words. You still
have to cite because the original ideas or research belong
to someone else.
Using an Idea: Even though this is in your own words, you
still have to cite because the original ideas or research
belong to someone else.
• You must put your citations in two places in your
paper.
1. Cite your sources in the body of your essay in
footnotes.
2. Alphabetically list of all your sources in the
Bibliography at the end of your paper.
•
In the West, we refer to family names as “last
names” and the familiar name people get called
as the “first name”.
• One of our teacher’s is named Erika.
• Her last name (family name) is Scott.
• Our Vancouver Librarian’s first name is Scott.
• His last name (family name) is Marsden.
•
In the West, the usual order of names is:
• Erika Scott and Scott Marsden
•
The inverted order of names is:
• Scott, Erika and Marsden, Scott
Notice the comma separating the names.
•
So, if Erika and Scott got together and wrote a book, the
footnote would list their names like this:
• Erika Scott and Scott Marsden
•
In the Bibliography, the names would appear like this:
•
Scott, Erika and Scott Marsden.
Note: Only the FIRST AUTHOR’S NAME is inverted in
the Bibliography.
• In the Footnotes, authors’ names are NOT inverted:
• One Author:
1.
Alexander McCall Smith,
• Two Authors:
2.
Leo A. Groake and Christopher W. Tinsdale
• Three Authors:
R. Douglas Francis, Richard Jones and
Donald B. Smith
3.
• Four + Authors, cite the first author & then ‘et al.’:
4.
Samone Bos et al.,
• In the Bibliography, the first author’s name is inverted:
• One Author:
McCall Smith, Alexander.
• Two Authors:
Groake, Leo A. and Christopher W. Tinsdale.
• Up to 10 Authors, list all names:
Francis, R. Douglas, Richard Jones and Donald
B. Smith.
• To cite a source, a superscript number is
inserted at the end of the sentence.
• You can insert a footnote in MSWord on the
References tab: “insert footnote”
• Do not use the ‘insert citation’ feature – it is not accurate.
Example:
Mma Ramotswe did not think that it would be easy to open a
detective agency. “People always made the mistake of thinking that
starting a business was simple … [but it] … was always more difficult
than you thought it would be.” 1
Book Title,
Footnote #
1. Alexander McCall Smith, The No. 1 Ladies’
Authors’ names, [not inverted]
Detective Agency (New York: Anchor Books, 2002), 60.
(City:
Publisher,
Year),
Page.

The same number appears at the bottom of the page

List the author’s name first, except for film titles or sources without an
identified author or editor – use the title instead.

The publication information varies, depending on the type of source.
 In footnotes, list the specific page(s) being cited.
• All footnotes are single-spaced, and indented on the
first line by ½” (1.27 cm)
Use the “Insert
Footnote” feature. Your
item will automatically
be numbered and the
footnote will appear in
the footer of your page.
•
The information in the bibliography is almost identical to the
information in the footnotes, with the following changes:
All sources are listed alphabetically, by the last name of
the first author.
•
•
•
All entries are single-spaced
•
•
•
Only the first author’s name is inverted: FAMILY NAME, FIRST
NAME.
Films and works without authors or editors are listed by title.
Hanging indent ½” (1.27 cm)
Leave a space between each entry.
Punctuation: most commas become periods; few brackets
•
Page numbers are only listed for collected works where there are
separate authors for each article (e.g. anthologies, newspapers,
magazines, etc.)
A SAMPLE BIBLIOGRAPHY APPEARS ON THE NEXT SLIDE
Bibliography
Aboriginality. Directed by Dominique Keller. Montreal: National Film Board of Canada, 2007. Web. Accessed
January 6, 2015. https://www.nfb.ca/film/aboriginality.
Dennis, Matthew. "Reflections on a Bicentennial: The War of 1812 in American Public Memory." Early American
Studies, An Interdisciplinary Journal 12, no. 2 (Spring2014 2014): 269-300. Humanities Full Text (H.W.
Wilson), EBSCOhost. Accessed January 7, 2015.
http://184.71.180.254/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hft&AN=95695726&s
ite=eds-live&scope=site
Feshuk, Scott. “Okay, Canada: It’s Time for the Hard Truth About Tim Hortons.” Maclean’s. September 2, 2014.
Accessed January 6, 2015. http://www.macleans.ca/society/okay-canada-its-time-for-the-hard-truth-about-timhortons/
Francis, R. Douglas, Richard Jones and Donald B. Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation, 6th ed.
Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd., 2009.
Google. “Privacy Policy.” Last modified July 27, 2012. Accessed February 8, 2013.
https://www.google.ca/intl/en/policies/privacy/.
Groarke, Leo A. and Christopher W. Tindale. Good Reasoning Matters! 3rd ed. Don Mills: Oxford University Press,
2004.
Hotel Rwanda. Directed by Terry George. 2004. Beverly Hills, CA: MGM Home Entertainment, 2005. DVD.
The Interview. Directed by Evan Goldberg and Seth Rogen. Los Angeles, CA: Columbia Pictures, 2014. Film.
McCall Smith, Alexander. The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency. New York: Anchor Books, 2002.
Petrou, Michael. “Master of Destruction.” Maclean’s, January 5, 2015, 34-35.
Sharp, Robert. “Nietzsche on the Cylon Uprising.” In Introducing Philosophy Through Pop Culture, edited by William
Irwin and David Kyle Johnson. 194-203. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Author’s name, [not inverted]
Book Title,
1.Alexander McCall Smith, The No. 1 Ladies’
Detective Agency (New York: Anchor Books,
2002), 60.
Footnote #
Page quoted.
Author’s name inverted.
Book Title.
McCall Smith, Alexander. The No. 1 Ladies’
Detective Agency. New York: Anchor Books,
Publisher,
2002. Year.
City:
• First time a source is cited: Author(s) name(s) and full
publication information.
1. Alexander McCall Smith, The No. 1 Ladies’
Detective Agency, (New York: Anchor Books, 2002), 60.
• If the next footnote is the same source:
2. Ibid., 65-72.
•
If the source has been previously cited, but does not
immediately follow the first citation:
5. Alexander McCall Smith, The No. 1 Ladies’
Detective Agency, 48.
•
On the following slides we present the footnote and
bibliography for some of the most common
sources of information used by students.
•
Parts of each entry have been colour coded to help
you identify similarities.
•
Differences between footnotes and bibliography
entries have been highlighted.
•
More examples are in the Quick Style Guide and on
the citation websites listed in the style guide and on
the WLC’s “Citation Style Guides” web page.
Authors’ names, [not inverted]
edition.
City:
1st author’s name inverted
edition.
Publisher,
Additional Authors’ names not inverted
Page(s)
• An anthology is a collection of stories, articles,
plays, etc. written by different authors and put
together by an editor or editors.
• Each article has to be cited separately, both in
footnotes & the bibliography.
• In the footnote, cite the page or pages you are
quoting, summarizing or paraphrasing.
• In the bibliography, list the full page range of the
article.
“Article Title,”
Author’s name, [not inverted]
Page(s) quoted.
Author’s name inverted.
Edited by [names not inverted].
Full page range.
Footnote:
Author’s name, [not inverted]
“Article Title,”
3. Michael Petrou, “Master of Destruction,”
Maclean’s, January 5, 2015, 34.
Magazine Title,
Publication date
Page(s) quoted
Bibliography:
Petrou, Michael. “Master of Destruction.”
Author’s name, [inverted]
Maclean’s, January 5, 2015, 34-35.
Full page range
• When accessing online materials, we recommend
using the AC Library Databases [EBSCO]
• Check with your instructor before using other web sources.
• Include the full database information in your citations and
bibliography.
For Electronic and Internet Sources:
• Include the URL at the end of the citation.
• A stable URL or DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is preferred.
• Include the date you accessed the website.
• When citing online sources, include as much
information about the source as possible.
•
There should be enough information in your citations
and bibliography for someone else to locate the exact
same source.
• For Websites:
•
Include the title and the author or sponsor of the
website in the body of your essay and in the footnotes
and the bibliography.
Footnote:
3. Google, “Privacy Policy,” last modified July
27, 2012, accessed February 8, 2013,
https://www.google.ca/intl/en/policies/privacy/.
Bibliography:
Google. “Privacy Policy.” Last modified July 27,
2012. Accessed February 8, 2013.
https://www.google.ca/intl/en/policies/privacy/.
Notice the information is identical.
The only changes are to punctuation.
Footnote: Author’s name not inverted,
4. Scott Feshuk, “Okay, Canada: It’s Time for the
Hard Truth About Tim Hortons,” Maclean’s, September
2, 2014, accessed January 6, 2015.
http://www.macleans.ca/.../
Bibliography:
Format for the author’s name &
punctuation are the only changes.
Author’s name, inverted.
Feshuk, Scott. “Okay, Canada: It’s Time for the Hard Truth
About Tim Hortons.” Maclean’s. September 2, 2014.
Accessed January 6, 2015. http://www.macleans.ca/.../.
Full stable URL or DOI.
Footnote:
5. Matthew Dennis, "Reflections on a Bicentennial: The
War of 1812 in American Public Memory," Early American
Studies, An Interdisciplinary Journal 12, no. 2 (Spring 2014):
269. Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost,
accessed January 7, 2015. http://184.71.180.254/.....
Volume/issue numbers
Bibliography:
Dennis, Matthew. "Reflections on a Bicentennial: The War of
1812 in American Public Memory." Early American Studies,
An Interdisciplinary Journal 12, no. 2 (Spring 2014): 269300. Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost.
Accessed January 7, 2015. http://184.71.180.254/.....
Format for the author’s name, page numbers, &
punctuation are the only changes.
6. The Interview, directed by Evan Goldberg and
Footnote #.
Movie Title,
directed by [Names are NOT inverted]
Seth Rogen (Los Angeles, CA: Columbia Pictures,
(Studio City:
Studio,
2014), Film.
Release Year),
Media.
7. Hotel Rwanda, directed by Terry George
(Original release Year;
(2004; Beverly Hills, CA: MGM Home Entertainment,
Distributor City:
2005), DVD.
DVD Release),
Media.
DVD Distributor,
Hotel Rwanda. Directed by Terry George. 2004.
Beverly Hills, CA: MGM Home
Entertainment, 2005. DVD.
Alphabetical Order
The Interview. Directed by Evan Goldberg and Seth
Rogen. Los Angeles, CA: Columbia Pictures, 2014.
Film.
Only punctuation changes.
Footnote:
8. Aboriginality, directed by Dominique Keller
(Montreal: National Film Board of Canada, 2007), web,
accessed January 6, 2015. your access date
Media,
https://www.nfb.ca/film/aboriginality.
(Distributor City:
Distributor (website),
Release Year),
Bibliography:
Aboriginality. Directed by Dominique Keller. Montreal:
National Film Board of Canada. 2007. Web. Accessed
January 6, 2015. https://www.nfb.ca/film/aboriginality.
Full URL or DOI
Only punctuation changes.