Using Chicago Manual of Style to Avoid Plagiarism & Other Forms of Academic Dishonesty Revised September 2015 ◦ Citations are mandatory for all academic papers and presentations. ◦ If you submit any paper, even a rough draft without citations, it still counts as plagiarism You will be penalised for this: Zero on the assignment Academic Alert In the worst cases, a student may be placed on probation or expelled from the college. • Few academic presentations and papers are produced without help. • To put this together, we received help from: www.lib.sfu.ca/helpwriting/ And www.owl.english.edu/writinglab/ • Links to these websites may be found on the Writing and Learning Centre’s web pages under “Citation Style Guides”. • CMS (Chicago Manual of Style) • CMS is most commonly used in the disciplines of history, film studies and is also used in other humanities such as literature. • CMS style is more than citations and bibliography • It also refers to how the paper is set up • The next slides outline key features of CMS style • These are essential elements for the papers you hand in at AC • Failure to comply with these guidelines will cost you marks Body of the Essay: • Letter Size paper (not A4) • 1” (2.54 cm) margins on all 4 sides • Indent the first line of paragraphs by ½” (1.27 cm) • 12 pt. font • Essay is DOUBLE-SPACED Bibliography: • Hanging Indent of ½” (1.27 cm) • Same font • Single –spaced – leave a line between entries Title of your paper located approximately 1/3 of the way down Film as a Motivator of Social Change Leave several lines Your name Title of your course Date handed in Sam Wong Film 101: Appreciation: World Cinema February 2, 2015 Page numbers in upper right corner of the page header. 1 Aside from being a major advance in the Begin your essay at the top of page 1. The title does not appear inside your paper. technology of film, “moving pictures” or “movies” as they have come to be more commonly known reflect the societies in which they are made. Indian movies reflect the values, concerns, and viewpoints of India, American movies reflect the values, concerns and The entire essay is Letter size paper NOT A4 DOUBLE-SPACED, 1” margins on all sides, 12 pt. easy to read font. 1 space between sentences viewpoints of America, etc. Films are not just a reflection of the cultures in which they are created. They are often a lens for critically analysing our perceptions, values and moral stances and, more significantly, can be a motivator for social change. • “Cite as you Write” is a good way to avoid an academic alert. • We recommend including citations in your research notes, essay outlines, and the first and final drafts of any essay. Direct Quote: When you are using the author’s own words. The exact words should be in “quotations”. Paraphrase & Summaries: This is when you are putting what the author has said into your own words. You still have to cite because the original ideas or research belong to someone else. Using an Idea: Even though this is in your own words, you still have to cite because the original ideas or research belong to someone else. • You must put your citations in two places in your paper. 1. Cite your sources in the body of your essay in footnotes. 2. Alphabetically list of all your sources in the Bibliography at the end of your paper. • In the West, we refer to family names as “last names” and the familiar name people get called as the “first name”. • One of our teacher’s is named Erika. • Her last name (family name) is Scott. • Our Vancouver Librarian’s first name is Scott. • His last name (family name) is Marsden. • In the West, the usual order of names is: • Erika Scott and Scott Marsden • The inverted order of names is: • Scott, Erika and Marsden, Scott Notice the comma separating the names. • So, if Erika and Scott got together and wrote a book, the footnote would list their names like this: • Erika Scott and Scott Marsden • In the Bibliography, the names would appear like this: • Scott, Erika and Scott Marsden. Note: Only the FIRST AUTHOR’S NAME is inverted in the Bibliography. • In the Footnotes, authors’ names are NOT inverted: • One Author: 1. Alexander McCall Smith, • Two Authors: 2. Leo A. Groake and Christopher W. Tinsdale • Three Authors: R. Douglas Francis, Richard Jones and Donald B. Smith 3. • Four + Authors, cite the first author & then ‘et al.’: 4. Samone Bos et al., • In the Bibliography, the first author’s name is inverted: • One Author: McCall Smith, Alexander. • Two Authors: Groake, Leo A. and Christopher W. Tinsdale. • Up to 10 Authors, list all names: Francis, R. Douglas, Richard Jones and Donald B. Smith. • To cite a source, a superscript number is inserted at the end of the sentence. • You can insert a footnote in MSWord on the References tab: “insert footnote” • Do not use the ‘insert citation’ feature – it is not accurate. Example: Mma Ramotswe did not think that it would be easy to open a detective agency. “People always made the mistake of thinking that starting a business was simple … [but it] … was always more difficult than you thought it would be.” 1 Book Title, Footnote # 1. Alexander McCall Smith, The No. 1 Ladies’ Authors’ names, [not inverted] Detective Agency (New York: Anchor Books, 2002), 60. (City: Publisher, Year), Page. The same number appears at the bottom of the page List the author’s name first, except for film titles or sources without an identified author or editor – use the title instead. The publication information varies, depending on the type of source. In footnotes, list the specific page(s) being cited. • All footnotes are single-spaced, and indented on the first line by ½” (1.27 cm) Use the “Insert Footnote” feature. Your item will automatically be numbered and the footnote will appear in the footer of your page. • The information in the bibliography is almost identical to the information in the footnotes, with the following changes: All sources are listed alphabetically, by the last name of the first author. • • • All entries are single-spaced • • • Only the first author’s name is inverted: FAMILY NAME, FIRST NAME. Films and works without authors or editors are listed by title. Hanging indent ½” (1.27 cm) Leave a space between each entry. Punctuation: most commas become periods; few brackets • Page numbers are only listed for collected works where there are separate authors for each article (e.g. anthologies, newspapers, magazines, etc.) A SAMPLE BIBLIOGRAPHY APPEARS ON THE NEXT SLIDE Bibliography Aboriginality. Directed by Dominique Keller. Montreal: National Film Board of Canada, 2007. Web. Accessed January 6, 2015. https://www.nfb.ca/film/aboriginality. Dennis, Matthew. "Reflections on a Bicentennial: The War of 1812 in American Public Memory." Early American Studies, An Interdisciplinary Journal 12, no. 2 (Spring2014 2014): 269-300. Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost. Accessed January 7, 2015. http://184.71.180.254/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hft&AN=95695726&s ite=eds-live&scope=site Feshuk, Scott. “Okay, Canada: It’s Time for the Hard Truth About Tim Hortons.” Maclean’s. September 2, 2014. Accessed January 6, 2015. http://www.macleans.ca/society/okay-canada-its-time-for-the-hard-truth-about-timhortons/ Francis, R. Douglas, Richard Jones and Donald B. Smith. Origins: Canadian History to Confederation, 6th ed. Toronto: Nelson Education Ltd., 2009. Google. “Privacy Policy.” Last modified July 27, 2012. Accessed February 8, 2013. https://www.google.ca/intl/en/policies/privacy/. Groarke, Leo A. and Christopher W. Tindale. Good Reasoning Matters! 3rd ed. Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2004. Hotel Rwanda. Directed by Terry George. 2004. Beverly Hills, CA: MGM Home Entertainment, 2005. DVD. The Interview. Directed by Evan Goldberg and Seth Rogen. Los Angeles, CA: Columbia Pictures, 2014. Film. McCall Smith, Alexander. The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency. New York: Anchor Books, 2002. Petrou, Michael. “Master of Destruction.” Maclean’s, January 5, 2015, 34-35. Sharp, Robert. “Nietzsche on the Cylon Uprising.” In Introducing Philosophy Through Pop Culture, edited by William Irwin and David Kyle Johnson. 194-203. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. Author’s name, [not inverted] Book Title, 1.Alexander McCall Smith, The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency (New York: Anchor Books, 2002), 60. Footnote # Page quoted. Author’s name inverted. Book Title. McCall Smith, Alexander. The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency. New York: Anchor Books, Publisher, 2002. Year. City: • First time a source is cited: Author(s) name(s) and full publication information. 1. Alexander McCall Smith, The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency, (New York: Anchor Books, 2002), 60. • If the next footnote is the same source: 2. Ibid., 65-72. • If the source has been previously cited, but does not immediately follow the first citation: 5. Alexander McCall Smith, The No. 1 Ladies’ Detective Agency, 48. • On the following slides we present the footnote and bibliography for some of the most common sources of information used by students. • Parts of each entry have been colour coded to help you identify similarities. • Differences between footnotes and bibliography entries have been highlighted. • More examples are in the Quick Style Guide and on the citation websites listed in the style guide and on the WLC’s “Citation Style Guides” web page. Authors’ names, [not inverted] edition. City: 1st author’s name inverted edition. Publisher, Additional Authors’ names not inverted Page(s) • An anthology is a collection of stories, articles, plays, etc. written by different authors and put together by an editor or editors. • Each article has to be cited separately, both in footnotes & the bibliography. • In the footnote, cite the page or pages you are quoting, summarizing or paraphrasing. • In the bibliography, list the full page range of the article. “Article Title,” Author’s name, [not inverted] Page(s) quoted. Author’s name inverted. Edited by [names not inverted]. Full page range. Footnote: Author’s name, [not inverted] “Article Title,” 3. Michael Petrou, “Master of Destruction,” Maclean’s, January 5, 2015, 34. Magazine Title, Publication date Page(s) quoted Bibliography: Petrou, Michael. “Master of Destruction.” Author’s name, [inverted] Maclean’s, January 5, 2015, 34-35. Full page range • When accessing online materials, we recommend using the AC Library Databases [EBSCO] • Check with your instructor before using other web sources. • Include the full database information in your citations and bibliography. For Electronic and Internet Sources: • Include the URL at the end of the citation. • A stable URL or DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is preferred. • Include the date you accessed the website. • When citing online sources, include as much information about the source as possible. • There should be enough information in your citations and bibliography for someone else to locate the exact same source. • For Websites: • Include the title and the author or sponsor of the website in the body of your essay and in the footnotes and the bibliography. Footnote: 3. Google, “Privacy Policy,” last modified July 27, 2012, accessed February 8, 2013, https://www.google.ca/intl/en/policies/privacy/. Bibliography: Google. “Privacy Policy.” Last modified July 27, 2012. Accessed February 8, 2013. https://www.google.ca/intl/en/policies/privacy/. Notice the information is identical. The only changes are to punctuation. Footnote: Author’s name not inverted, 4. Scott Feshuk, “Okay, Canada: It’s Time for the Hard Truth About Tim Hortons,” Maclean’s, September 2, 2014, accessed January 6, 2015. http://www.macleans.ca/.../ Bibliography: Format for the author’s name & punctuation are the only changes. Author’s name, inverted. Feshuk, Scott. “Okay, Canada: It’s Time for the Hard Truth About Tim Hortons.” Maclean’s. September 2, 2014. Accessed January 6, 2015. http://www.macleans.ca/.../. Full stable URL or DOI. Footnote: 5. Matthew Dennis, "Reflections on a Bicentennial: The War of 1812 in American Public Memory," Early American Studies, An Interdisciplinary Journal 12, no. 2 (Spring 2014): 269. Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, accessed January 7, 2015. http://184.71.180.254/..... Volume/issue numbers Bibliography: Dennis, Matthew. "Reflections on a Bicentennial: The War of 1812 in American Public Memory." Early American Studies, An Interdisciplinary Journal 12, no. 2 (Spring 2014): 269300. Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost. Accessed January 7, 2015. http://184.71.180.254/..... Format for the author’s name, page numbers, & punctuation are the only changes. 6. The Interview, directed by Evan Goldberg and Footnote #. Movie Title, directed by [Names are NOT inverted] Seth Rogen (Los Angeles, CA: Columbia Pictures, (Studio City: Studio, 2014), Film. Release Year), Media. 7. Hotel Rwanda, directed by Terry George (Original release Year; (2004; Beverly Hills, CA: MGM Home Entertainment, Distributor City: 2005), DVD. DVD Release), Media. DVD Distributor, Hotel Rwanda. Directed by Terry George. 2004. Beverly Hills, CA: MGM Home Entertainment, 2005. DVD. Alphabetical Order The Interview. Directed by Evan Goldberg and Seth Rogen. Los Angeles, CA: Columbia Pictures, 2014. Film. Only punctuation changes. Footnote: 8. Aboriginality, directed by Dominique Keller (Montreal: National Film Board of Canada, 2007), web, accessed January 6, 2015. your access date Media, https://www.nfb.ca/film/aboriginality. (Distributor City: Distributor (website), Release Year), Bibliography: Aboriginality. Directed by Dominique Keller. Montreal: National Film Board of Canada. 2007. Web. Accessed January 6, 2015. https://www.nfb.ca/film/aboriginality. Full URL or DOI Only punctuation changes.