In this Unit…
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Big Ideas:
Cold War – what, when,
why, doctrines, impact
Cold War propaganda &
USSR/US ideas about one
another
How the Cold War led to
American interventions
abroad (Berlin, Korea,
Guatemala, etc.)
How the Cold War led to
changes at home
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Key topics:
Cold War basics - what,
when, why, impact
Berlin Airlift
Korean War
Propaganda
McCarthyism
Guatemala
Space Race
Arms Race
Cuban Missile Crisis
INTRO TO THE COLD WAR
The Cold War

Major tensions between America and the Soviet
Union erupt into what is known as “The Cold War”
The History: Soviet Union & U.S.

History of tensions between Soviet Union and U.S.
In the Russian Revolution of 1917, Russia became a communist
country
 America had supported the anti-communist resistance
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Disagreements over tactics
U.S. didn’t like that Stalin had initially signed a non-aggression
pact with Hitler
 Soviets didn’t like that the Allies hadn’t helped in Europe sooner
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At the end of WWII…tensions rising between the countries
Yalta & Potsdam Conferences
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Then Yalta & Potsdam Conferences
Disagreements over:
 The
future of Europe
 The post-war goals of each country
 The division of conquered lands in Europe
Yalta
Potsdam
The Cold War
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Definition: A state of military tension, economic
competition, political conflict and proxy wars
between the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
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Divided the world into two sides
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Just a few of the results:
 Korean
War
 Berlin Wall
 Vietnam War
 Nuclear arms race
How America sees the U.S.S.R.
How the U.S.S.R. sees America
Why?
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After WWII, the United States wanted democratic
elections in Eastern Europe
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The Soviet Union wanted a buffer zone of friendly
(Communist) countries in Eastern Europe
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To protect it from future attacks from the West.
Soviet Control
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Even before World War II ended, the Soviet Union
had taken over the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia,
and Lithuania and parts of Czechoslovakia,
Finland, Poland, and Romania.
As tensions escalated…
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Stalin predicted that Communism would
triumph over Capitalism
Causes of the Cold War
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1. Competition for power and security
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2. Mutual distrust
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3. Competing ideologies
England’s Prime Minister
Winston Churchill:
“A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately
lighted by the Allied victory…From Stettin in the
Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain
has descended across the Continent.”
This divided Europe into two zones, one Communist,
one Capitalistic.
Churchill’s Speech
Directions: Sketch on your map
 Label the iron curtain
 Label which side is Communist and which
side is Capitalist
The Soviet
Union after
WWII
Stalin’s Response to the Iron Curtain Speech
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As a result of the German invasion, the
Soviet Union has lost about 7,000,000
people. In other words, the Soviet Union
has lost in men several times more than
Britain and the United States together.
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Therefore, what can be surprising in the
fact that the Soviet Union, in a desire to
ensure its security for the future, tries to
achieve that these countries should have
governments whose relations to the
Soviet Union are loyal?
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Summarize: What does he think?
What is a Contagion?
a : rapid communication of an influence (as a
doctrine or emotional state)
b : an influence that spreads rapidly
The Long Telegram & Containment
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George Keenan declared that America needed to
contain Communism and keep it from spreading
This policy was adopted by the U.S. and became
known as Containment
Two different approaches:
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1. Militaristic approach
 The
Truman Doctrine
 Help supply/arm countries that wanted to fight
communism
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2. Economic approach
 The
Marshall Plan
 Give countries $ if they became stable democracies
The Truman Doctrine
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Truman issued the Truman Doctrine, which declared
that America would send money to any countries
that wanted to fight Communist takeover.
 First
up: Greece and Turkey
 America gave them $400 million & set up military
bases in both countries
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The Truman Doctrine
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Truman: “Nearly every nation must
choose between alternative ways of
life. The choice is too often not a free
one. One way of life is based upon
the will of the majority…the second
way of life is based up the will of a
minority forcibly imposed on the
majority…it must be the policy of the
United States to support free peoples
who are resisting attempted
subjugation [conquest]…by outside
pressures.”
What is Truman saying? How does
this make Communism sound?
The Marshall Plan
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Intended to help war-torn
countries rebuild so that
they would become stable
democracies
Support program of
financial aid to these
countries
 U.S.
gave $13 billion to 17
countries
 Soviet Union said America
was trying to “buy its way”
into European affairs
Preview: Division of Germany
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Note how Germany was
provided
On your paper, predict:
How might this lead to
tensions?
Read
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Now read more about the origins of the Cold War
and Containment
What you don’t finish is HW
Berlin Airlift
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Stalin blocked Allied
access to West Berlin
This created a shortage
of food/goods
Truman didn’t want war
but didn’t want to give
up West Berlin
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Flew in supplies –
13,000 tons of food
daily at the height
Berlin Airlift Ends
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In 1949, Stalin gave up the blockade on West
Berlin
But Berlin remained a focal point of conflict
between the two sides of the Cold War
 (Berlin
Wall goes up from 1961 to 1989 to keep East
Berlin and West Berlin separated)
Step 2: Partner Drawing
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Create a poster that explains the following concepts.
Each idea must include a graphic or picture!
The Cold War
 The causes of the Cold War
 The iron curtain
 Containment
 The Truman Doctrine
 The Marshall Plan
 The Berlin Airlift

Soviet Flag