Grade 4 Spanish Curriculum: 1 North Arlington Public Schools Curriculum Guide Content Area: World Language - Spanish Course Title: Spanish Grade Level: 4 Unit 1: Greetings, Feelings & Numbers (0-40) 9 Weeks Unit 2: Professions and Community 9 Weeks Unit 3: Food 9 Weeks Unit 4: Sports and Adjectives 9 Weeks Note: Units are 9 weeks in length because students meet once per week for the entire school year. Therefore, 9 weeks actually represents 9 sessions with periodic verbal participation grades, as well as individual and group assessments. This curriculum document also reflects the addition of projects and presentations. Board Approved on: August 29, 2012 2 Unit 1 Content Area – World Language - Spanish Unit Title – Greetings, Feelings and Numbers (0-40) Target Course/Grade Level – Spanish: Grade 4 Unit Summary/Rationale – During this unit students will be re-introduced to greetings and expressions in the target language. It is important for the students to learn how to greet people because greetings open the door to communication. The students will also review and learn numbers 0-40, as numbers are an essential part of everyday life. In addition the students will discuss the Hispanic Heritage Month, the Day of the Dead, Christopher Columbus Day and La Navidad (Christmas.) Interdisciplinary Connections – The Spanish lessons involve academic subjects such as: Language Art, Math, Science, Art, Social Studies, Music, Computers and Geography. Technology Integration – Lap top computer, overhead projector, smart board, Internet sites, DVD’s, CD’s, Power Point and visual aids. 21st Century Themes – Global Awareness, Civic Literacy, Health Literacy, 21st Century Skills – Creativity/Innovation, Critical Thinking/Problem Solving, Communication and Collaboration, Life & Career Skills, Technology, Media and Technology Skills. Learning Targets Standard(s) – 7.1 World Languages: All students will be able to use a world language in addition to English to engage in meaningful conversation, to understand and interpret spoken and written language, and to present information, concepts, and ideas, while also gaining an understanding of the perspectives of other cultures. Through language study, they will make connections with other content areas, compare the language and culture studied with their own, and participate in home and global communities. Cultural - Observing and participating in culturally authentic activities contribute to familiarization with cultural products and practices. (Topics and activities that assist in the development of this understanding should include, but are not limited to: authentic celebrations, songs, and dances.) Strand(s) – A: Interpretive Mode Proficiency Level- Novice Mid Content Statement(s) – The Novice-Low language learner understands and communicates at the word level and can independently identify and recognize memorized words and phrases that bring meaning to text. They can respond to learned questions, ask memorized questions, state needs and preferences, and describe people, places, and things. Cumulative Progress Indicator(s) (CPI) 7.1. NM.A.1 - Recognize familiar spoken or written words and phrases contained in culturally authentic 3 materials using electronic information sources related to targeted themes. 7.1. NM.A.2 – Demonstrate comprehension of simple, oral and written directions, commands, and requests through appropriate physical response. 7.1. NM.A.3 – Recognize a few common gestures and cultural practices associated with the target culture(s). 7.1. NM.A.4 – Identify familiar people, places, and objects based on simple oral and/or written descriptions. 7.1. NM.A.5 – Demonstrate comprehension of brief oral and written messages using age- and levelappropriate, culturally authentic materials on familiar topics. Reading Standards for Literacy: ACTFL guidelines: Reading - Intermediate – Intermediate - Low Able to understand main ideas and/or some facts from the simplest connected texts dealing with basic personal and social needs. Such texts are linguistically noncomplex and have a clear underlying internal structure, for example, chronological sequencing. They impart basic information about which the reader has to make only minimal suppositions or to which the reader brings personal interest and/or knowledge. Examples include messages with social purposes and information for the widest possible audience, such as public announcements and short, straightforward instructions dealing with public life. Some misunderstandings will occur. Writing Standards for Literacy: Writing--Intermediate Intermediate-Low Able to meet limited practical writing needs. Can write short messages, postcards, and take down simple notes, such as telephone messages. Can create statements or questions within the scope of limited language experience. Material produced consists of recombination of learned vocabulary and structures into simple sentences on very familiar topics. Unit Essential Questions How do greetings in Spanish differ from greetings in English and what are the benefits of being able to communicate in another language? How do you express how you are feeling? Is Columbus Day celebrated around the world? How is the Day of the Dead similar to Halloween? What are the differences and similarities between Christmas and La Navidad? Unit Enduring Understandings There is a specific way to greet people in Spanish using culturally authentic expressions and vocabulary. Communicating in at least one other language helps to gain knowledge of other cultures. In today’s multi-culture society Spanish is a very useful language to communicate in a global society. Understanding other cultures creates culture sensitivity and acceptance. El Dia de los Muertos or the Day of the Dead is a holiday, celebrated in Mexico and other Latin countries. The cultural traditions of involved in celebrating El Día de los muertos help people to become comfortable with death. 4 Terminology: Hola, buenos días, buenas tardes, buenas noches ¿como te estás?,¿cómo te va?, ¿cómo te sientes?, muy bien, excelente, mal, así-así, hasta luego, hasta mañana, hasta pronto, nos vemos, que te vaya bien, cuídate, veinte y siete, veinte y ocho, veinte y nueve, treinta y tres, treinta y cinco, treinta y ocho, treinta y nueve, cuarenta etc. Goals/Objectives Students will be able to Pronounce some basic greetings and farewell expressions. Review and use greetings vocabulary. Use and pronounce numbers 0-40. Review and use umbers vocabulary. Learning Activities/Instructional Strategies Singing the Spanish song “Buenos Días.” Review some basic greeting and farewell expressions illustrating with flashcards. Review of vocabulary learned during class. Cut and glue greeting expressions flashcards. Group and Individual practice. Counting numbers in Spanish 0-40. Review of new vocabulary. Adding numbers and solving basic problems in Spanish. Quiz. Add and solve some basic math problems in Spanish. Play Sink or Swing game to reinforce vocabulary. Learn how many countries are in South America. Share with the class what they know about Christopher Columbus. Appreciate the value of Hispanic Heritage Month. Complete a handout making the three ships and writing some facts about Columbus Day. Talk about the Day of the Dead. Evidence of Learning (Formative & Summative) Watch a video clip and explain the Hispanic Heritage Month. Review La Navidad (Christmas.) Singing of the Adiós Song. 5 Informal teachers’ observation and students’ participation. Diverse Learners (ELL, Special Ed, Gifted & Talented) - Differentiation strategies may include, but are not limited to, learning centers and cooperative learning activities in either heterogeneous or homogeneous groups, depending on the learning objectives and the number of students who need further support and scaffolding, versus those who need more challenge and enrichment. Modifications may also be made as they relate to the special needs of students in accordance with their Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) or 504 plans, or English Language Learners (ELL). These may include, but are not limited to, extended time, copies of class notes, refocusing strategies, preferred seating, study guides, and/or suggestions from special education or ELL teachers. Resources - Useful teacher’s resources for elementary Spanish teachers such as: Discovery Learning, www.nnell.org, www.actfl.org etc., PowerPoint Presentations, Transparencies, Handouts, movies, etc. 6 Unit 2 Content Area – World Language Unit Title – Professions and Community Target Course/Grade Level – Spanish: Grade 4 Unit Summary/Rationale – During this unit student will be introduced to professions and community vocabulary in the target language. Students will learn how to talk about their communities and different professions and character traits of those in the profession. They will share their parents’ professions with the class. In additions students will recall the Spanish speaking countries from the Caribbean and review some fun facts about them. They will also discuss Presidents’ Day and Valentines’ Day. Interdisciplinary Connections – The Spanish lessons involve academic subjects such as: Language Arts, Math, Science, Art, Social Studies, Music, Computers and Geography. Technology Integration – Lap top computer, overhead projector, smart board, Internet sites, DVD’s, CD’s, Power Point and visual aids. 21st Century Skills – 21st Century Themes – Global Awareness, Civic Literacy, Health Creativity/Innovation, Critical Thinking/Problem Solving, Literacy. Communication and Collaboration, Life & Career Skills, Technology, Media and Technology Skills. Learning Targets Standard(s) – 7.1 World Languages: All students will be able to use a world language in addition to English to engage in meaningful conversation, to understand and interpret spoken and written language, and to present information, concepts, and ideas, while also gaining an understanding of the perspectives of other cultures. Through language study, they will make connections with other content areas, compare the language and culture studied with their own, and participate in home and global communities. Cultural - Observing and participating in culturally authentic activities contribute to familiarization with cultural products and practices. (Topics and activities that assist in the development of this understanding should include, but are not limited to: authentic celebrations, songs, and dances.) Strand(s) – A: Interpretive Mode Proficiency Level- Novice Mid Content Statement(s) – The Novice-Low language learner understands and communicates at the word level and can independently identify and recognize memorized words and phrases that bring meaning to text. They can respond to learned questions, ask memorized questions, state needs and preferences, and describe people, places, and things. Cumulative Progress Indicator(s) (CPI) 7.1. NM.A.1 - Recognize familiar spoken or written words and phrases contained in culturally authentic materials using electronic information sources related to targeted themes. 7 7.1. NM.A.2 – Demonstrate comprehension of simple, oral and written directions, commands, and requests through appropriate physical response. 7.1. NM.A.3 – Recognize a few common gestures and cultural practices associated with the target culture(s). 7.1. NM.A.4 – Identify familiar people, places, and objects based on simple oral and/or written descriptions. 7.1. NM.A.5 – Demonstrate comprehension of brief oral and written messages using age- and levelappropriate, culturally authentic materials on familiar topics. Reading Standards for Literacy: ACTFL guidelines: Reading - Intermediate – Intermediate - Low Able to understand main ideas and/or some facts from the simplest connected texts dealing with basic personal and social needs. Such texts are linguistically noncomplex and have a clear underlying internal structure, for example, chronological sequencing. They impart basic information about which the reader has to make only minimal suppositions or to which the reader brings personal interest and/or knowledge. Examples include messages with social purposes and information for the widest possible audience, such as public announcements and short, straightforward instructions dealing with public life. Some misunderstandings will occur. Writing Standards for Literacy: Writing--Intermediate Intermediate-Low Able to meet limited practical writing needs. Can write short messages, postcards, and take down simple notes, such as telephone messages. Can create statements or questions within the scope of limited language experience. Material produced consists of recombination of learned vocabulary and structures into simple sentences on very familiar topics. Unit Essential Questions What is a community, why is it important and what does it mean to be a member of a community? What do I want to be when I grow up? How can I be successful in my profession? Unit Enduring Understandings I have a very important role in my community. Community has two meanings: It is a group of people who come together for a common purpose. It is also a group of people living together in a particular place. I have different options for my profession and I can use my skills and best qualities in order to find a good job. Terminology: Profesiones: Maestro, maestro, cajero, cajera, abogado, abogada, policía, bombero, jugador de fútbol, jugador de béisbol, cantante, doctor, doctora, cura, pintor, astronauta, enfermero, enfermera, veterinario, veterinaria etc. Comunidad: Departamento de bomberos, departamento de policía, escuela, iglesia, casa, biblioteca, la corte, restaurante, supermercado, etc. 8 Goals/Objectives Students will be able to Pronounce some basic greetings and farewell expressions Define community and neighborhood. Recall places in the community. Recall, pronounce, and use professions vocabulary. Recognize that communities form when people work together for a common purpose. Learning Activities/Instructional Strategies Singing the Spanish song “Hola ¿cómo estás?” Review vocabulary by illustrating with flashcards. Evidence of Learning (Formative & Summative) Review of vocabulary learned during class. Group and Individual practice. Cut and glue pictures in flashcards Complete a handout by writing the words in Spanish. Informal teachers’ observation and students’ participation. Play Bingo game to reinforce vocabulary. Quiz. Reviewing professions and community vocabulary by showing a Power Point Presentation. Unit test on professions and community. Share places students usually go on weekends. List places that help or give service in the community. Recall and share what professions their parent perform. Match a profession with a community building. Play Sink or Swing game in order to reinforce vocabulary. Locate Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic on the map. Books and magazine pictures to explore famous Hispanic Artists. Discuss President’s Day. Complete a study guide before test. Talk about Valentine’s Day Singing of the Adiós Song. 9 Diverse Learners (ELL, Special Ed, Gifted & Talented)- Differentiation strategies may include, but are not limited to, learning centers and cooperative learning activities in either heterogeneous or homogeneous groups, depending on the learning objectives and the number of students who need further support and scaffolding, versus those who need more challenge and enrichment. Modifications may also be made as they relate to the special needs of students in accordance with their Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) or 504 plans, or English Language Learners (ELL). These may include, but are not limited to, extended time, copies of class notes, refocusing strategies, preferred seating, study guides, and/or suggestions from special education or ELL teachers. Resources - Useful teacher’s resources for elementary Spanish teachers such as: Discovery Learning, www.nnell.org, www.actfl.org etc., PowerPoint Presentations, Transparencies, Handouts, movies, etc. 10 Unit 3 Content Area – World Language Unit Title – Food Target Course/Grade Level – Spanish: Grade 4 Unit Summary/Rationale – During this unit students will be introduced to food vocabulary in the target language. Students will be able to talk about food preferences and Hispanic food. One of the major activities includes a cultural menu that students will create and present to the class. It is also important for them to know about the culture of the native speakers and this unit gives students opportunities to reflect on what makes people and cultures unique. Interdisciplinary Connections – The Spanish lessons involve academic subjects such as: Language Arts, Math, Science, Art, Social Studies, Music, Computers and Geography. Technology Integration – Lap top computer, overhead projector, smart board, Internet sites, DVD’s, CD’s, Power Point and visual aids. 21st Century Themes – Global Awareness, Civic Literacy, Health Literacy, 21st Century Skills – Creativity/Innovation, Critical Thinking/Problem Solving, Communication and Collaboration, Life & Career Skills, Technology, Media and Technology Skills. Learning Targets Standard(s) – 7.1 World Languages: All students will be able to use a world language in addition to English to engage in meaningful conversation, to understand and interpret spoken and written language, and to present information, concepts, and ideas, while also gaining an understanding of the perspectives of other cultures. Through language study, they will make connections with other content areas, compare the language and culture studied with their own, and participate in home and global communities. Cultural - Observing and participating in culturally authentic activities contribute to familiarization with cultural products and practices. (Topics and activities that assist in the development of this understanding should include, but are not limited to: authentic celebrations, songs, and dances.) Strand(s) – A: Interpretive Mode Proficiency Level- Novice Mid Content Statement(s) – The Novice-Low language learner understands and communicates at the word level and can independently identify and recognize memorized words and phrases that bring meaning to text. They can respond to learned questions, ask memorized questions, state needs and preferences, and describe people, places, and things. Cumulative Progress Indicator(s) (CPI) 11 7.1. NM.A.1 - Recognize familiar spoken or written words and phrases contained in culturally authentic materials using electronic information sources related to targeted themes. 7.1. NM.A.2 – Demonstrate comprehension of simple, oral and written directions, commands, and requests through appropriate physical response. 7.1. NM.A.3 – Recognize a few common gestures and cultural practices associated with the target culture(s). 7.1. NM.A.4 – Identify familiar people, places, and objects based on simple oral and/or written descriptions. 7.1. NM.A.5 – Demonstrate comprehension of brief oral and written messages using age- and levelappropriate, culturally authentic materials on familiar topics. Reading Standards for Literacy: ACTFL guidelines: Reading - Intermediate – Intermediate - Low Able to understand main ideas and/or some facts from the simplest connected texts dealing with basic personal and social needs. Such texts are linguistically noncomplex and have a clear underlying internal structure, for example, chronological sequencing. They impart basic information about which the reader has to make only minimal suppositions or to which the reader brings personal interest and/or knowledge. Examples include messages with social purposes and information for the widest possible audience, such as public announcements and short, straightforward instructions dealing with public life. Some misunderstandings will occur. Writing Standards for Literacy: Writing--Intermediate Intermediate-Low Able to meet limited practical writing needs. Can write short messages, postcards, and take down simple notes, such as telephone messages. Can create statements or questions within the scope of limited language experience. Material produced consists of recombination of learned vocabulary and structures into simple sentences on very familiar topics. Unit Essential Questions How do you order food in Spanish? What are the similarities and differences between Hispanic food and American food? What foods are popular in various Spanishspeaking countries? How many meals do people need to eat every day? What is the most important meal of the day? Unit Enduring Understandings Understanding other cultures creates cultural sensitivity and acceptance. Food as an integral part of our society and culture. In today’s multi-cultural society all people enjoy meals from different parts of the world. Food is a basic human need. We need the right amount of good food to keep our bodies healthy so we are able to perform our best. Terminology: Desayuno, almuerzo, cena, merienda, bebidas, postres, frutas, cereal, café, leche, leche de chocolate, huevos fritos, huevos revueltos, huevos duros, tocino, tostadas francesas, panqueques, waffles, jugo de naranja, té, mantequilla, hamburguesa, perro caliente, carne asada, sánwiche, sopa, pescado, agua, jugo de manzana, jugo de uva, papas, vegetales, ensalada etc. 12 Goals/Objectives Students will be able to Recognize and use food vocabulary. Review and pronounce food vocabulary. Learning Activities/Instructional Strategies Singing the Spanish song “Hola ¿cómo estás?” Review vocabulary by illustrating with flashcards. Evidence of Learning (Formative & Summative) Review of vocabulary learned during class. Group and Individual practice. Match pictures with the Spanish vocabulary. Create sentences in Spanish to describe a meal. Discuss likes and dislikes. Identify typical Hispanic foods. Learn to create authentic cultural menus. Cut and glue pictures in flashcards. Encourage students to repeat the words and to tell the meaning in English Share with the class what they had for breakfast. Share their favorite meals, fruits and desserts. Identify currencies of Complete a handout by writing the words in Spanish-speaking countries. Spanish. Play Bingo game to reinforce vocabulary learning. Sharing with the class some currencies students may have from other countries Reviewing food vocabulary by showing a Power Point Presentation. Give directions for a Spanish menu. Play Sink or Swing game to reinforce vocabulary learning. Introduced to Valentines’ vocabulary and making Valentine’s cards. Singing of the Adiós Song. 13 Oral presentation of authentic Hispanic menus. Quiz. Informal teachers’ observation and students’ participation. Diverse Learners (ELL, Special Ed, Gifted & Talented)- Differentiation strategies may include, but are not limited to, learning centers and cooperative learning activities in either heterogeneous or homogeneous groups, depending on the learning objectives and the number of students who need further support and scaffolding, versus those who need more challenge and enrichment. Modifications may also be made as they relate to the special needs of students in accordance with their Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) or 504 plans, or English Language Learners (ELL). These may include, but are not limited to, extended time, copies of class notes, refocusing strategies, preferred seating, study guides, and/or suggestions from special education or ELL teachers. Resources - Useful teacher’s resources for elementary Spanish teachers such as: Discovery Learning, www.nnell.org, www.actfl.org etc., PowerPoint Presentations, Transparencies, Handouts, movies, etc. 14 Unit 4 Content Area – World Language Unit Title – Sports and Adjectives Target Course/Grade Level – Spanish: Grade 4 Unit Summary/Rationale – During this unit students will be able to learn sports vocabulary and adjectives in the target language. Students will express their favorite sport using Spanish language and will get knowledge about famous Hispanic athletes. They will present a project of a famous Hispanic athlete they choose to research and will learn how to describe people and places using adjectives In additions students will discuss Mother’s Day and Cinco de Mayo. Also they will recall some fun facts about Spanish-speaking countries. Interdisciplinary Connections – The Spanish lessons involve academic subjects such as: Language Arts, Math, Science, Art, Social Studies, Music, Computers and Geography. Technology Integration – Lap top computer, overhead projector, smart board, Internet sites, DVD’s, CD’s, Power Point and visual aids. 21st Century Themes – Global Awareness, Civic Literacy, Health Literacy, 21st Century Skills – Creativity/Innovation, Critical Thinking/Problem Solving, Communication and Collaboration, Life & Career Skills, Technology, Media and Technology Skills. Learning Targets Standard(s) – 7.1 World Languages: All students will be able to use a world language in addition to English to engage in meaningful conversation, to understand and interpret spoken and written language, and to present information, concepts, and ideas, while also gaining an understanding of the perspectives of other cultures. Through language study, they will make connections with other content areas, compare the language and culture studied with their own, and participate in home and global communities. Cultural - Observing and participating in culturally authentic activities contribute to familiarization with cultural products and practices. (Topics and activities that assist in the development of this understanding should include, but are not limited to: authentic celebrations, songs, and dances.) Strand(s) – A: Interpretive Mode Proficiency Level- Novice Mid Content Statement(s) – The Novice-Low language learner understands and communicates at the word level and can independently identify and recognize memorized words and phrases that bring meaning to text. They can respond to learned questions, ask memorized questions, state needs and preferences, and describe people, places, and things. Cumulative Progress Indicator(s) (CPI) 7.1. NM.A.1 - Recognize familiar spoken or written words and phrases contained in culturally authentic materials using electronic information sources related to targeted themes. 15 7.1. NM.A.2 – Demonstrate comprehension of simple, oral and written directions, commands, and requests through appropriate physical response. 7.1. NM.A.3 – Recognize a few common gestures and cultural practices associated with the target culture(s). 7.1. NM.A.4 – Identify familiar people, places, and objects based on simple oral and/or written descriptions. 7.1. NM.A.5 – Demonstrate comprehension of brief oral and written messages using age- and levelappropriate, culturally authentic materials on familiar topics. Reading Standards for Literacy: ACTFL guidelines: Reading - Intermediate – Intermediate - Low Able to understand main ideas and/or some facts from the simplest connected texts dealing with basic personal and social needs. Such texts are linguistically noncomplex and have a clear underlying internal structure, for example, chronological sequencing. They impart basic information about which the reader has to make only minimal suppositions or to which the reader brings personal interest and/or knowledge. Examples include messages with social purposes and information for the widest possible audience, such as public announcements and short, straightforward instructions dealing with public life. Some misunderstandings will occur. Writing Standards for Literacy: Writing--Intermediate Intermediate-Low Able to meet limited practical writing needs. Can write short messages, postcards, and take down simple notes, such as telephone messages. Can create statements or questions within the scope of limited language experience. Material produced consists of recombination of learned vocabulary and structures into simple sentences on very familiar topics. Unit Essential Questions What is your favorite sport and why? Which sports do you like and dislike? What is and adjective? How does one describe themselves and others? Unit Enduring Understandings Sport is an important opportunity to make friends and have fun. Sports are an important part of the culture of the Unites States. Adjectives are important because they describe people, animals and things, and we use them every day. Terminology: Deportes: Fútbol Americano, béisbol, ciclismo, lucha libre, boxeo, fútbol, competencia de carros, gimnasia, hockey sobre hielo, hockey sobre césped, patinaje, baloncesto, tenis, tenis de mesa, golf etc. Adjetivos: Inteligente, bonita, alto, alta, bajo, baja, amistoso, amistosa, ordenado, ordenada, respetuoso, respetuosa, serio, seria, divertido, divertida, responsible, honesto, honesta, estudioso, estudiosa etc. 16 Goals/Objectives Students will be able to Define what an objective is. Describe yourself and others. Differentiate between feminine and masculine adjectives. Recognize and use sports vocabulary. Review and pronounce adjectives vocabulary. Learn about famous Hispanic athletes. Compare and contrast the American and Hispanic traditional and more popular sports. Talk about Mother’s Day. Have a better understanding of Cinco de Mayo Learning Activities/Instructional Strategies Singing the Spanish song “Hola ¿cómo estás?” Introduce adjectives having the students to think of three words that describe a person. Describe yourself using new Spanish adjectives. Review vocabulary by illustrating with flashcards. Match pictures with the Spanish vocabulary. Introduce sports in Spanish. Video clip about famous Hispanic athletes and heroes. Encourage students to repeat the words and to tell the meaning in English Share their favorite sport and athlete. Complete a handout by writing the words in Spanish. Play Bingo game to reinforce vocabulary learning. Reviewing sports and adjectives by showing a Power Point Presentation. Video clip about Cinco de Mayo and discuss about it. Play Sink or Swing game to reinforce vocabulary learning. Singing of the Adiós Song. 17 Evidence of Learning (Formative & Summative) Review of vocabulary learned during class. Group and Individual practice. Oral presentation of famous Hispanic athlete. Quiz. Informal teachers’ observation and students’ participation. Diverse Learners (ELL, Special Ed, Gifted & Talented)- Differentiation strategies may include, but are not limited to, learning centers and cooperative learning activities in either heterogeneous or homogeneous groups, depending on the learning objectives and the number of students who need further support and scaffolding, versus those who need more challenge and enrichment. Modifications may also be made as they relate to the special needs of students in accordance with their Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) or 504 plans, or English Language Learners (ELL). These may include, but are not limited to, extended time, copies of class notes, refocusing strategies, preferred seating, study guides, and/or suggestions from special education or ELL teachers. Resources - Useful teacher’s resources for elementary Spanish teachers such as: Discovery Learning, www.nnell.org, www.actfl.org etc., PowerPoint Presentations, Transparencies, Handouts, movies, etc. 18