HISTOLOGY:
Study of Tissues
Four Types?
Two components of tissue?
4 Types
•
•
•
•
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue
2 Components of Tissue
• Cells
• Extracellular matrix
Focus: Epithelium
LOCATION OF EPITHELIUM:
•
•
•
•
•
Lining of body cavities
Lining of digestive tract
Lining of heart and blood vessels
Lining of gland ducts
Skin
FUNCTION OF EPITHELIUM
• Protection
• Absorption – one side of the tissue is
always in contact w/ external opening
(maintains homeostasis)
• Secretions – hormones, mucus, enzymes
How epithelial tissues are
classified:
SHAPE:
• Squamous – thin,
think “squished”
• Cuboidal – cubed
shape
• Columnar –
rectangular think
“column”
LAYERS:
• Simple = single
layer
• Stratified = more
than one layer
Types of epithelium
•
•
•
•
Simple squamous
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar
Stratified cuboidal
“special” types of epithelium
• Pseudostratified cuboidal or columnar –
“false layers”, looks like there is more than
one layer b/c nucleus alignment in cells
• Transitional epithelium – tissues that
adjusts to various tensions (think bladder)
Anat/physiology
October 9, 2006
1. Turn in epithelium packet w/
drawings attached
2. POP QUIZ on identifying types
of Epithelial tissue
3. Test on Ch 5 – epithelium and
connective tissue on Friday!!
Pop quiz #1
Pop quiz #2
Pop quiz #3
Pop quiz #4
Pop quiz #5
Pop quiz #6
Pop quiz #7
Pop quiz #8
Pop quiz #9
Pop quiz #10
Connective Tissue
3 TYPES
•Connective tissue proper
•Fluid connective tissue
•Supporting connective tissue
Connective tissue proper
• Many types of cells in a syrupy ground
substance
• Ex of where found = tendons, surrounding
organs, ligaments, surrounds respiratory
passageway
• Two types of connective tissue
– loose connective
– dense connective
Connective tissue proper: CELLS
• Fibroblasts
(slender and star-shaped cells)
Connective tissue proper: CELLS
• Macrophages
Connective tissue proper: CELLS
• Adipose cells (stores fat)
Connective tissue proper: CELLS
• Mast Cells
Connective tissue proper: CELLS
• Plasma Cells
Connective tissue proper: FIBERS
• Collagen
– Found in tendons and ligaments
Connective tissue proper: FIBERS
• Elastic Fibers
– Rare but important
– Found between vertebrae and aorta
Connective tissue proper: FIBERS
• Reticular Fibers
– holds blood vessels to surface of organs
Marfan Syndrome
• Genetic disorder that effects the
production of connective tissue
– Effects just about every system in the body
– Especially dangerous for blood vessels:
collapse and/or bursting of aorta
Connective tissue proper:
GROUND SUBSTANCE
• Loose (aka areolar)
• Dense
• Adipose
Connective tissue proper:
GROUND SUBSTANCE
• Loose connective (areolar)
– “packing material”
– Fills spaces between organs, supports
epithelium
– Forms a layer that separates skin from deeper
structures like muscles
– Highly vascularized, shots
given in this tissue for
quick transport of drugs
Connective tissue proper:
GROUND SUBSTANCE
• Adipose
– Cushioning and energy storage
– Found under skin of groin, buttocks, breasts
and abdomen
– Also fills bony sockets behind eyes
– dominant connective tissue of thoracic and
abdominopelvic cavities
Connective tissue proper:
GROUND SUBSTANCE
• Dense Connective
– Tightly packed collagen fibers make this
tissue really strong
– Found in tendons, ligaments, surrounding
muscles, and surrounds blood vessels and
respiratory passageways
Fluid Connective Tissue
• Blood and Lymph
Supporting Connective Tissue
• Cartilage – ground substance surrounding
chondrocytes (cartilage cells) called
matrix, matrix is firm gel
• Bone – matrix is rigid because of
calcification and contains osteocytes
(bone cells) (more next chapter)
Supporting Connective Tissue:
CARTILAGE
• Hyaline – found between ribs and the
sternum, along passageway of respiratory
tract, opposing surfaces of bones with
many joints (elbow and knee)
• Elastic – outer ear, epiglottis and tip of
nose
• Fibrocartilage – between vertebrae, pubic
bones of pelvis, some joints and tendons
Cartilage and Knee Injuries
• Cartilages are
avascular so
they heal poorly
• New research in
growing and
replacing
cartilage has
showed promise
in dog studies
Fig. 5.19b
Fig. 5.19c
Last Two Types
•
•
•
•
Epithelial Tissue
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
Muscle
• Smooth
• Skeletal (striated)
• Cardiac
Smooth
• Lines organs such as those of the
digestive tract
Fig. 5.22b
Skeletal
• Voluntary control – able to contract and
create movement
• Multi-nucleated and visible striations
Fig. 5.21b
Nervous tissue
• Makes up tissue of Central and Periferal
Nervous systems
Fig. 5.24b
Skeletal System
Instructions
1
2
3
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5
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7
8
9
10
Team Score
1
3
2
6
1. The outer covering of the diaphysis of the long bone, made
from fibrous tissue is called the
EPIPHYSIS
DIAPHYSIS
PERIOSTEUM
ARTICULAR
CARTILAGE
Who is the strongest link?
PERIOSTEUM
Periosteum is the connective tissue that covers long
bones and is thicker in children than adults.
Next Question
1. Compact bone is made up of _______ cemented together.
Osteons
Osteocytes
Perforating
canals
Who is the strongest link?
Trabiculae
OSTEONS
Next Question
The cells that tear down and remodel bone are the
____________.
Marophages
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
Who is the strongest link?
Osteoclasts
OSTEOCLASTS
Osteoclasts release a strong acid that breaks down bone.
Next Question
Inside the epiphyses of each long bone, mostly _______ can be
found.
Yellow
Marrow
Cartilage
Compact
Spongy
bone
bone
Who is the strongest link?
Spongy
Bone
Next Question
1. Which bones do not belong to the axial skeleton?
Hip
Skull
Ribs
Bone
Who is the strongest link?
Vertebrae
HIP
BONES
Only the coccyx bone of pelvic region belongs with
the axial skeleton.
Next Question
1. How many bones are there total in the adult human body?
450
280
206
Who is the strongest link?
180
206
Children have approx 450 cartilaginous bones that
develop and fuse into 206 adult bones.
Next Question
1. The medullary cavity in the diaphysis of an adult bone would
contain _______.
Organic
Blood
Spongy
Compact
salts
vessels
bone
bone
Who is the strongest link?
BLOOD
VESSELS
Explanation of Answer Goes Here
Next Question
1. The part of the bone that articular cartilage covers directly is
the ________.
Endosteum
Periosteum
Diaphysis
Who is the strongest link?
Epiphysis
EPIPHYSIS
Next Question
The junction between the diaphysis and epiphysis in growing
bone is called the
Epiphyseal
Endosteum
Periosteum
plate
Articular
plate
Who is the strongest link?
EPIPHYSEAL
PLATE
Contains dividing cells that cause bone elongation
Next Question
1. The broad, flat bones of the skull are ____________.
Cartilaginous
Endochondral
Spongy
Who is the strongest link?
Intramembranous
INTRAMEMBRANOUS
Next Question
How to play The Strongest Link
1.
Divide the group up into two teams. Assign one group to be Team 1, the
other will be Team 2. Have each team choose a spokesperson.
2.
Begin the PowerPoint and introduce the characters.
3.
Have the spokesperson from one team choose a question.
4.
Click on that number. Read the question and allow the spokesperson to
confer with teammates to come up with an answer. Have them state the
answer orally, then click on the arrow button.
5.
Read the answer displayed on the next slide. Click on the button to
move back to the board.
6.
If the answer given was correct, type the correct number of points in the
score box.
7.
Continue to play until all questions have been answered. The team with
the most points wins.
Let’s Play!
MUSCLES!
Instructions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Team Score
1
5
2
3
1. Most of the bones of the body are ____________.
Spongy
bone
Intra membranous
Endochondral
Who is the strongest link?
Cartilaginous
ENDOCHONDRAL
Explanation of the Answer Goes Here
Next Question
1. Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone?
Vertebrae
Rib
Humerus
Who is the strongest link?
Clavicle
VERTEBRAE
Next Question
1. Which bone cell works to rebuild bone tissue?
Osteons
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Who is the strongest link?
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts lay down inorganic salts which help to form
compact bone.
Next Question
1. In order to create movement, bones function as _______.
Fulcrums
Pulleys
Machines
Who is the strongest link?
Levers
LEVERS
Next Question
1. Which component of the bone is responsible for creating
blood cells?
Red
Yellow
Spongy
Compact
Marrow
Marrow
Bone
Bone
Who is the strongest link?
RED
MARROW
Red marrow contains premature blood cells that can
be stimulated to mature when more blood cells are
needed.
Next Question
A small bundle of muscle fibers
Fascia
Myofibril
Fascicle
Who is the strongest link?
Epimysium
Fascicle
Next Question
Network of connective tissue that extends throughout the
muscular system
Endomysium
Epimysium
Perimysium
Who is the strongest link?
Sarcolemma
EPIMYSIUM
Connective tissue that covers the muscle and is
continuous with fascia
Next Question
Layer of connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle
Perimysium
Endomysium
Epimysium
Who is the strongest link?
Fascia
FASCIA
Next Question
Layer of connective tissue that separates a muscle into small
bundles called fascicles
Perimysium
Endomysium
Epimysium
Who is the strongest link?
Sarcolemma
PERIMYSIUM
Next Question
Cellular organelle in muscle fiber corresponding to the
endoplasmic reticulum
Sarcoplasm
Sarcolemma
Sarcomere
Who is the strongest link?
Sarcoplasmic
Reticulum
SARCOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
Next Question
How to play The Strongest Link
1.
Divide the group up into two teams. Assign one group to be Team 1, the
other will be Team 2. Have each team choose a spokesperson.
2.
Begin the PowerPoint and introduce the characters.
3.
Have the spokesperson from one team choose a question.
4.
Click on that number. Read the question and allow the spokesperson to
confer with teammates to come up with an answer. Have them state the
answer orally, then click on the arrow button.
5.
Read the answer displayed on the next slide. Click on the button to
move back to the board.
6.
If the answer given was correct, type the correct number of points in the
score box.
7.
Continue to play until all questions have been answered. The team with
the most points wins.
Let’s Play!