General Biology
Homework Assignment 2: Chapters 4-7
Name ______________________
Chapter 4
I. Word Bank: Define the following terms
- Cell theory
- Light microscope
- Electron microscope
- Centimeter
- Millimeter
- Micrometer
- Prokaryote
- Eukaryote
- Plasma membrane
- Cell wall
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuoles
- Endosymbiotic theory
- Ribosomes
- Centrioles
- Cytoskeleton
- Microbubules
- Cilia and flagella
II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences
unless otherwise noted.
1. Identify the organelles and structures found in the animal cell figure above. Include a brief
description of function below:
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________
c. ________________________________________________________________
d. ________________________________________________________________
e. ________________________________________________________________
f. ________________________________________________________________
g. ________________________________________________________________
h. ________________________________________________________________
i. ________________________________________________________________
j. ________________________________________________________________
k. ________________________________________________________________
l. ________________________________________________________________
2. Compare the animal cell above with a plant cell and a prokaryotic cell. List the main differences
seen in the plant and prokaryotic cell.
3. Complete the following conversions:
2 m= ____________ mm
5000 mm = __________ m
2000 m = __________ mm
200 mm= __________ m
Chapter 5
I. Word Bank: Define the following terms
- Phospholipid bilayer
- Fluid mosaic model
- Selective permeability
- Concentration gradient
- Osmosis
- Isotonic
- Hypotonic
- Hypertonic
- Passive transport
- Facilitative transport
- Active transport
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
- Enzyme
- Activation energy
- Competitive inhibitor
- Noncompetitive inhibitor
- First law of thermodynamics
- Second law of thermodynamics
- Cellular respiration
II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences
unless otherwise noted.
1. Fill in the blanks in the concept map shown on the following page to review the processes by
which molecules move across membranes.
2. Label the parts of the diagram below illustrating the catalytic cycle of an enzyme.
3. Name 6 functions of the plasma membrane.
4. How is an exergonic reaction different from an endergonic reaction? Describe how these are
coupled during cellular metabolism.
Chapter 6
I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:
- Phosphorylation
- ATP
- Body/system respiration
- Cellular respiration
- Oxidation
- Reduction
- Dehydrogenase
- Electron carriers
- Glycolysis
- Substrate level phosphorylation
- Decarboxylation
- Intermediate step
- Citric acid cycle
- Oxidative phosphorylation
- Electron transport chain
- Chemiosmosis
- ATP synthase
- Fermentation
II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences
unless otherwise
noted.
1. Complete the concept map above.
2. Describe the connection between breathing and cellular respiration. Explain in terms
of cellular respiration why we need oxygen and why we exhale carbon dioxide.
3. Describe how cellular respiration produces energy that can be stored in ATP.
4. List and describe the three main stages of cellular respiration. What is the total
energy (ATP) formed during cellular respiration?
5. Compare respiration and fermentation.
Chapter 7
I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:
- Autotroph
- Photosynthesis
- Chloroplasts
- Chlorophyll
- Mesophyll
- Stomata
- Stroma
- Thylakoids
- Grana
- Light reactions
- Dark reactions/ Calvin cycle
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Wavelength
- Photon
- Photosystem
- Reaction center complex
- NADPH
- Chemiosmosis
- Photophosphorylation
- Carbon fixation
- Global warming
- Greenhouse effect
II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences
unless otherwise noted.
1. Explain the value of autotrophs as producers.
2. Contrast photosynthesis to respiration in terms of redox reactions.
3. Why is visible radiation important for photosynthesis?
4. Provide labels for the above figure to name the components of the photosystems, path
of electrons, production of ATP, oxygen, and NADPH.
5. Describe how chemiosmosis powers ATP synthesis in plants.
6. Describe the Calvin cycle and how it uses ATP, NADPH and CO2 to make food
molecules.
7. How could photosynthesis help moderate globing warming?