POPULATION
INTERACTION
animalsversesanimals.yuku.com
Predation
www.techtimes.com
Herbivory
 Consumption of plant materials by animals
 Drives adaptions in both the Herbivore and Plants
 Plants have evolved defenses (Thorns and Chemicals)
 Scientist identified thousands of Chemical Defenses
(Nicotine & Cocaine)
 Herbivores have evolved as well (Butterflies & Mammalians)
www.courseimage.com
Parasitism
 Parasites consume nutrients from other Organisms
 Effect to the Host (Decreasing of its Fitness & Diseases (referred as Host))
 Endoparasites (Inside the body)
Examples :(Flukes, Tapeworms, Fungi, Bacteria, and Protozoa)
 Ectoparasites (Outside the body)
Examples : (Ticks and Lice, Plants, Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi)
 Do not kill their hosts
 Parasitoids : Draws the line between Parasitism & Predation
(Several species of wasps)
freepngimages.com
www.willows.uk.net
Mutualism
http://www.eoearth.org/
3 Types of Mutualism
 Trophic Mutualism
• Interaction where both species receive benefit of resources
• Requires both nutrients and energy to survive
Example : ( Plant provides energy with photosynthesis, Partner
then provides the plant with increased access to nutrients)
3 Types of Mutualism
 Defensive Mutualism
• Interaction where one species receives food & Shelter.
The partner then gets protected from its Predators or Parasites
• The Prey involved benefits from predators avoiding them.
Example : (Pseudomyrmex ants & Acacia shrubs)
3 Types of Mutualism
 Dispersive Mutualism
• Interaction where A species receives food from moving the
pollen or seeds of it’s partner
• Seede Dispersers benefit from energy and nutrients found in
fruits
Example : (Insects, Birds, and Mammals, who are involved in
pollination and seed dispersal)
Commensalism
http://www.eoearth.org/
4 Basic Types of Commensalism
 Chemical –
Most often associated with but not always
(One bacterium metabolizes a chemical not useful to the second)
 Inquilinism - Use of a second species as a platform or cavity
(Attachment of barnacles to other marine creatures is a prominent example)
 Metabiosis – circumstance
where one species creates a
useful habitat feature for a second species. (reuse of holes made in
saguaro cactus by many different birds and mammals)
 Phoresy – Attaches for temporary transport (attachment of burs
or seeds, plants to (chiefly) furry land animals for the purpose of seed
dispersal)
Example :(Epiphytes, Anemones and clownfish, Barnacles, Bacteria )
en.wikipedia.org
Symbiosis
fortcapitalresou
Symbiosis
 Literally means ‘Living together’
 But when the term is used in biology it means a close, longterm interaction between two different species
 Some examples of the many different types of Symbiotic
Relationships (Mutualism, Parasitism, Commensalism & Amensalism)
Competition
www.glogster.
Competition
Between Species
www.pinterest.com
en.wikipedia.org
uldissprogis.com
www.glogster.com
Does nature favor
competition
C o m p e t i t i o n?
en.wiki
hqdefault
What is resource specialization and how does it relate to competition?
What is resource
specialization and how
does it relate to
competition?
en.wiki
Examples on
Population
Interaction? And how
does this relate it to
our daily lives?
en.wiki
REFERENCES

http://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/predationherbivory-and-parasitism-13261134

http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/51cbee7b7896bb431f698251/

http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/51cbf2687896bb431f6a929c/

http://study.com/academy/lesson/symbiotic-relationships-mutualismcommensalism-amensalism.html

http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/ecol_com/ecol
_com.html