Landfill Gas to Liquid Fuels Ryan Kent Kirk Jaunich Tyler Stewart Zachary Kerbo University of South Florida Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Department Objective Develop a competitive process for the conversion of Landfill Gas (LFG) into liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Converting waste gas into fuel Storable Key Understandings energy density Letting nature start the process High Domestic fuel sourceproduction from bacteria Feedstock Carbon offset by use of biomass derived fuels What you put into a landfill Closed Loop Business Model Every Landfill is different Другой 2,02 is what you get out of a landfill. Our customers are landfill operators Lower Greenhouse gas production High cost involved in fueling their equipment Offset federal fossil fuel use regulations Satisfying emissions Dealing their waste gas Stop with removal of currently Oxygen 0,41 Methane 52,49 sequestered carbon Water 7,31 Nitrogen 1,54 Carbon Dioxide 38,18 H2S 0,07 Siloxanes 8,91E-05 Motivation and Process Hypothesis: Conversion of waste Landfill Gases into liquid hydrocarbons is a more feasible system than other proposed technologies. Flaring Goals Down scaling of Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Reactor (FTSR) Removing contaminants from LFG Siloxanes, Sulfides, Halides, etc. Pretreatment Tri-Reforming Waste to Electricity Fischer Tropsch Modeling a competitive large scale process • Iron Solid Scavenger • Convert LFG to • Convert Syngas to Lab scale: 0.1 ft3/min (Kinetic data and reactor modeling) Syngas Long chain • Activated hydrocarbons Carbon/Silica Bed Scale: (Using • CO2literature Reforming Industrial and industry data) • Steam Reforming Process 2500 ft3/min • POx of Methane Separations • High Quality Diesel Compressed • Low quality gasolineNatural sold forGas upgrading • Unused portions to combustion Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels Diesel Properties The Product Diesel Gasoline Flash Point (C) 56.4 Freezing Point (C) -36.2 Cetane Index 71.35 Product Composition 0,35 0,3 Mass % 0,25 Sale Price ($/gallon) Diesel 4.00 Gasoline 1.50 Gallons Produced Diesel 91% 0,2 0,15 0,1 0,05 0 Gasoline 9% Conclusions Discounted Cumulative Cash Flow $20 000 000 ParameterDP=$5,GP=$1.5 DP=$4, GP=$1.5 Electricity Flaring $15Flaring 000 000Total Capital Investment DP=$4,GP=$0 CNG Liquid Fuel $ 12.3 Million installations which could use LFG as a resource FCI No use for larger DP=$3, GP=$1.5 9.4 11.4 year $ 9.29.6 Million $10 000 (MM $) 000Revenue per 1.0 Electricity DP=$3,GP=$0 Operating Cost per year $ 5.2 Million Operating Remains a formidable option due to widespread utilization 0.06 2 4 $5 000 000$/yr) Cost (MM LFG toPlant CNGLife 15 years 5.2 Revenue Shows promise for modular installment but350 incurs a high operating cost $0Operating Days/Year 4.2 6.2 9.4 (MM$/yr) for the product delivered. -1 0 1 2 3 Depreciation Method 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 MACRS (9 years) NPW to Liquids has the highest rate of return ($5 LFG 000 000) 4.5 1.2 (MM $) Net Present -1.1 Worth (NPW) i=15% $ 5.9 Million However the technology also incurs a higher risk ($10 000 000) DCFRR 5.9 Discounted Rate 26 natural %0.14 gas price falls Return will increase diesel prices - ofasReturn 0.2 rise and .25 Discounted Payback Time ($15 000 000) 6.25 years Years