Department Master Syllabus
Camden County College
Blackwood, New Jersey
Course Title:
Anatomy and Physiology I
Course Number: BIO-211
Department/Program Affiliation: Biology
Date of Review: Spring 2011
(This Department Master Syllabus has been examined by the program/department faculty members and it
is decided that no revision is necessary at this time.)
Date of Last Revision: Spring 2011
(This Department Master Syllabus has been examined by the program/department faculty members and it
is decided a change requiring a revision is necessary at this time.)
N.B. A change to the course materials alone (textbooks and/or supplementary materials) may not
constitute a revision. Any other change to the items listed below on this form is considered a revision and
requires approval by the program faculty at a Program/Department Meeting and by the division at a Chairs
and Coordinator Meeting.
Credits: 4
Contact Hours:
Lecture__2__
Lab__4__
Other ____
Prerequisites: Biology I–Science (BIO 111)
Co-requisites: None
Course Description: Anatomy and Physiology I will introduce the student to the organization
of the human body and histology,. The course will also examine the histology, gross anatomy,
and functions of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous. and endocrine systems.
Laboratories are designed to supplement lecture material, and include the use of a variety of
materials: histology slides, models, and preserved specimens.
Course Student Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
1. Use anatomic terminology correctly in oral and written communication.
2. Compare and contrast tissues from the major classification groups.
3. Identify anatomic structures and tissues of the following major organ systems in the
laboratory: Integumentary, Muscular, Skeletal, Nervous and Endocrine.
4. Explain the physiological functions of the following major organ systems in the
laboratory: Integumentary, Muscular, Skeletal, Nervous and Endocrine.
5. Correlate anatomic structures with their functions.
6. Demonstrate knowledge of laboratory safety procedures
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General Education Student Learning Outcomes:
Students will apply the scientific method of inquiry to draw conclusions based on verifiable
evidence, use scientific theories and knowledge to understand the natural world, and explain the
impact of scientific theories, discoveries and technological changes on society.
Course Outline:
Unit Learning Objectives:
An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and understand the relationship between structure
and function.
2. Define the following levels of organization of the body: chemical, organelle, cell, tissue,
organ, organ system, and organism.
3. Define homeostasis and cite examples. Describe the relationship of negative and positive
feedback systems to homeostasis.
4. Describe anatomical position.
5. Use directional terms to describe specific body structures.
6. Describe the three major planes of the body or of an organism.
7. List the terms used to describe different regions or parts of the body.
8. Name the body cavities and describe two ways to subdivide the abdominopelvic region.
The Chemical Level of Organization
1. Compare carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids in composition and function in the
body.
2. Describe the significance of ATP and energy transfer.
3. Recall important inorganic compounds.
4. Describe the properties of water.
The Cellular Level of Organization
1. Describe the organelles of a cell and the function of each.
2. Describe the various mechanisms by which substances move through plasma membranes.
3. Recall cell membrane structure.
4. Understand cell division.
The Tissue Level of Organization
1. List the four major types of tissues.
2. Describe features and functions of the four tissues types.
3. List and describe the classification of the four tissue types.
4. Describe the types of membranes
The Integumentary System
1. Describe the layers of the epidermis.
2. Describe the layers of the dermis.
3. Contrast thick skin and thin skin.
4. Explain the structure and function of the hypodermis.
5. Define keratinization.
6. Explain factors that contribute to skin color.
7. Describe the functions of the skin.
8. Describe the structure and functions of hairs and hair follicles.
9. Describe the glands of the skin and their function.
10. List the parts of a nail and explain how nails are produced.
Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure
1. List the functions of the skeletal system.
2. List the major categories of types of bones based on their shapes.
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3. Describe the gross anatomy of a bone and distinguish between cancellous bone and compact
bone tissue.
4. Describe the composition and organization of the matrix of bone tissue.
5. List the three main types of bone cells and state the function of each.
6. Explain the two processes of bone formation.
7. Indicate the nutritional and hormonal factors that influence the formation and maintenance of
bone tissue.
8. Describe bone remodeling.
9. Explain the process of bone repair.
10. Explain the role of bone in calcium homeostasis.
The Axial Skeleton
1. List the general anatomical terms for the various features of bones, and the significance of
each.
2. Identify the bones of the skull and name the processes and other features of each bone.
3. List the four main curvatures of the vertebral column and their overall significance.
4. List the general features of vertebrae and the distinguishing characteristics of vertebrae of the
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.
5. Describe the components of the thoracic cage.
6. Describe features of a rib and distinguish between true, false, and floating ribs.
The Appendicular Skeleton
1. Identify the bones of the upper extremity and pectoral girdle, and describe the features of
these bones.
2. Identify the bones of the lower extremity and pelvic girdle, and describe the features of these
bones.
3. Describe the sex differences and age account for individual skeletal variations.
Articulations
1. Define articulation
2. Distinguish between synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis.
3. Describe the features of joints according to structural classification: fibrous, cartilaginous,
and synovial joints.
4. Explain the types of movements that may be possible at a given joint.
Muscle Tissue
1. List the major functions of muscle tissue.
2. Describe the major properties of muscle.
3. Compare and contrast skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissue.
4. Describe the structure of a skeletal muscle, including its connective tissue elements.
5. Diagram the arrangement of myofilaments of a sarcomere and describe the components of
myofilaments of a skeletal muscle cell.
6. Define and describe the functions of terminal cisternae and transverse tubules.
7. Explain the events that result in muscle contraction and relaxation.
8. Describe the resting membrane potential and the production of action potentials.
9. Explain the events responsible for the propagation of an action potential along an axon.
10. Describe the structure and function of a neuromuscular junction.
11. Define a motor unit.
12. Define a muscle twitch.
13. Explain the relationships of stimulus strength and stimulus frequency to muscle contraction.
14. Distinguish between isometric contractions and isotonic contractions.
15. Define muscle tone.
16. Describe how the length of a muscle influences the force of contraction.
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17. List the sources of energy for muscle contraction.
18. Explain muscle fatigue and oxygen debt.
19. Compare slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle cells.
20. Compare the structural and functional characteristics of cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
with those of skeletal muscle.
The Muscular System
1. Define the origin and insertion of a muscle.
2. Distinguish between synergist, antagonist, prime mover, and fixator.
3. Relate muscle shapes to degree of contraction and amount of force generated.
4. Name and identify the major muscles involved in various body movements including
location, action, insertion and origin.
Nervous Tissue
1. List the major functions of the nervous system.
2. List the divisions of the nervous system and describe the characteristics of each.
3. Describe the structure of neurons and the different types of neurons.
4. Distinguish between afferent (sensory) neurons and efferent (motor) neurons.
5. Describe the different types of neuroglia cells.
6. Explain the role of the myelin sheath.
7. Define nucleus, ganglion, tract, and nerve.
8. State the concentration differences that exist between intracellular fluid and extracellular
fluid and explain how they occur.
9. Describe how the resting membrane potential is established and how it can be changed.
10. Explain the production of action potentials and their propagation along axons.
11. Describe the structure and function of a synapse.
12. Distinguish between excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.
13. Diagram the components of a reflex arc.
14. Describe neurotransmitters and their role in synaptic transmission.
15. Describe common patterns of neuronal organization and processing.
The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
1. Describe the parts of the spinal cord and list their functions.
2. Describe the structure and location of the spinal cord.
3. Describe the structure and major functions of the cerebellum
4. Describe the spinal cord cross section and explain the function of each area.
5. Describe the motor pathways of the spinal cord.
6. Describe the meninges and spaces surrounding the central nervous system.
7. Describe the neural circuits.
8. List the steps in a reflex arch.
9. List and describe reflexes.
10. Describe the structure of a peripheral nerve.
11. Describe the structure and explain the naming of the spinal nerves.
12. Describe the dorsal roots, ventral roots, dorsal rami and ventral rami of spinal nerves.
13. Describe plexuses and outline the pattern and distribution of intercostal nerves.
14. Describe the structure, distribution and function of the cervical, brachial, lumbosacral and
coccygeal plexuses.
The Brain and Cranial Nerves
1. List the regions of the diencephalon and indicate their major functions.
2. Describe the external and internal anatomy of the cerebrum
3. Describe the structure of the basal nuclei and limbic system.
4. List the four ventricles of the brain.
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5. Describe the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid.
6. Describe the blood-brain barrier.
7. Describe the major functional areas of the cerebral cortex and explain their functions.
8. Describe the motor functions of the cerebral cortex.
9. Describe the modulation of the motor systems by the basal nuclei and cerebellum
10. Name the sensory receptors and describe how sensations occur.
11. Describe the different types of sensory receptors and the stimuli they detect.
12. Describe the distribution and function of each cranial nerve.
Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System
1. Understand the sensory receptors connection between the internal and external
environments.
2. Describe the types of sensory receptors.
3. Describe somatic sensory and visceral sensory pathways.
4. Describe the coticospinal, medial, and lateral pathways.
5. Understand the integrative functions of the Basal Nuclei and Cerebrum..
Neural Integration II: The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions
1. List the structural and functional differences between the autonomic and somatic nervous
systems.
2. Compare the structural differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
3. Describe the structure of the enteric nervous system.
4. Describe how sympathetic and parasympathetic axons are distributed to organs.
6. Describe the major neurotransmitters and receptors of the ANS.
7. Explain how autonomic and local reflexes help to maintain homeostasis.
8. Describe the role of the hypothalamus in controlling the ANS.
9. Compare the general functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
The Special Senses
1. Describe the structures and functions of the olfaction and gustation senses.
2. List the accessory structures of the eye and indicate their functions.
3. Describe the tunics of the eye and the functions of each of their parts.
4. Explain light refraction and how images are focused on the retina.
5. Describe the structure and function of the cells in the layers of the retina.
6. Trace the CNS pathway for visual input and describe what happens to images from each half
of the visual fields.
7. Describe the structures of the external, middle and inner ear.
8. Explain how parts of the ear are able to convert sound waves into action potentials.
9. Describe the auditory pathways in the CNS.
10. Describe the static and kinetic labyrinths and explain how they function in balance.
11. Describe the components and functions of the semicircular canals.
The Endocrine System
1. Define the terms endocrine gland, endocrine system, hormone and ligand.
2. Describe the functional relationship between the nervous system and endocrine system.
3. Define and give examples of extracellular and intracellular chemical signals.
4. Classify hormones according to chemical structure.
5. Explain how the secretion of hormones is regulated.
6. Describe how hormones transported in the blood and delivered to cells.
7. Describe how chemical signals bind only to specific receptor sites.
8. Contrast and give examples of down-regulation and up-regulation.
9. Describe the interaction of hormones and the specific receptor molecules of target tissues
(membrane-bound and intracellular receptors).
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10. Describe the embryonic development and anatomy of the pituitary gland.
11. Describe the communication between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.
12. List the hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and the targets and
actions of these hormones.
13. Indicate the sites of synthesis and release of antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin, and the
targets and actions of these hormones.
14. Describe the location, gross anatomy, and histology of the following endocrine glands, the
hormones produced by each, and the targets and actions of the hormones: thyroid gland,
parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, and pancreas.
15. List other organs of the body that produce hormones.
16. Describe the sources and effects of prostaglandins.
17. List characteristics of major endocrine disorders.
Lecture Outline:
Week
Chapters
1
1
2
3
2
4
3
5
Topics
The Human Body An Orientation
Chemistry Comes Alive
Cells: The Living Units
Tissue: The Living Fabric
The Integumentary System
1
23
61
113
148
5
6
7
8
Bones and Skeletal Tissue
The Skeleton
Joints
172
198
248
-
197
247
274
6
7
8
9
10
16
Muscle And Muscle Tissue
Muscular System
The Endocrine System
275
320
594
-
319
384
633
10
11
385
-
428
11
12
13
14
12
13
14
15
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous
Tissue
The Central Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex
The Autonomic Nervous System
The Special Senses
429
484
525
547
-
483
524
546
593
4
Pages
- 22
- 60
- 112
- 147
- 171
Course Activities:
Important:
1. Attendance is taken during every class session and is strongly encouraged.
2. Reading the text is required to excel in the course. The text should be brought to every class.
3. Students should get to know classmates and work together as much as possible in the
laboratory and outside of class.
4. If a class is missed, students should ask a classmate for the class notes and any other
assignments.
5. Class lectures will follow the course outline. Occasionally, there may be deviations from the
order in the textbook. Some chapters will be covered in more or less detail than that
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provided in your text. You are responsible for the material covered in lecture and it is
expected that you will read the text to reinforce the lecture material.
6. At times, you may be held responsible for material that you have had in prerequisite courses
or are asked to read on your own. You will be responsible for this on your written exams.
7. The text is accompanied by many supplements available online. You should not only
complete specific assignments, but you should also examine all the supplemental materials.
For most students, physiology is the most difficult component of A&P. You are strongly
encouraged to view the material titled, Interactive Physiology, available online.
8. Being successful at anything requires commitment, practice, time and focus. Toward that
end, you should focus on A&P during class time. All pagers, cell phones and anything else
that makes noise should be turned off. If they ring or beep during class time, you will be
asked to leave the room. These devices are very distracting to everyone in the class.
Written Exams:
1. Written exams are objective to help you gain experience in taking rigorous multiple-choice
exams. You will take multiple choice tests in future professional programs and during
licensure examinations.
2. Come to exams prepared with several #2 pencils, sharpened and ready to write.
3. Should you miss a written exam, failure to contact me up to and including the day of the
exam will result in a grade of “0”. This is not negotiable.
4. All notebooks, textbooks, lab books and any papers must be closed and out of site, under
your chair or in a closed backpack.
5. All hats must be off and baseball caps must be turned with the visor facing backward.
6. Be on time; exams will not be handed out to anyone who is more than one half hour late. All
exams must be turned in by the end of the exam period, usually 90 minutes.
7. Use the restroom before the exam. If you require visits to the restroom often, inform me
before the exam. You may take the exam one page at a time and hand in each page before
you leave the room.
8. Turn off all pagers, cell phones and anything else that makes noise.
9. Keep your eyes on your own paper. Watching me or staring at other papers is suspicious
behavior. If you appear to be cheating, I will remove your paper. Refer to the College policy
on “Cheating and Plagiarism,” found in the student handbook, to understand the
consequences of cheating on a test. It could result in an “F” for the course without the
opportunity to withdrawal.
Lab Practicals:
1. Lab practicals will be administered the class day before a scheduled written exam.
2. You must arrive on time for laboratory practicals. These are timed, therefore, if you fail to
arrive at the designated time, you will be denied access to the exam, and you will be assigned
a grade of “0”.
3. There are no make-up exams if you miss a lab practical.
4. Lab practicals involve “stations” where you will be faced with a model, specimen or slide
and an index card with 4-6 questions. You will be given an answer sheet on which to record
your answers. Each question on the index card refers to the object in front of you that will be
labeled with numbers corresponding to each question. Be sure to read each question
carefully as not all questions require a label. For example, if a particular bone is in front of
you, a question could be, “Is the bone from the right or left side of the body?” This type of
question does not require a label. Additionally, if a question asks for an organ, you should
name the organ and not the tissue or any part thereof.
5. Lab practicals are timed. For most practicals, you have two minutes at each station. After
two minutes, my alarm sounds and you will all move at the same time to the next station.
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Generally, there are 12 stations, two at each lab table. Therefore, the class tends to be
divided into two groups in order to take the practical.
6. Spelling counts on lab practicals. Being able to pronounce and spell words correctly is a sign
of being an educated and intelligent person. As most of you will be communicating with
highly educated and diverse professionals, and will be writing in legal records, you should
want to be respected as a professional peer.
Assessment of Student Learning Outcomes: The student will be evaluated on the degree to which
student learning outcomes are achieved. A variety of methods may be used such as tests, class
participation, projects, homework assignments, etc. (There must be some evidence that the learning
outcomes have been achieved.)
Written Examinations
75%
Laboratory grade (lab practicals and lab exercises)
25%
Your final grade is a combination of your lab grade and performance on the written exams. The
lab grade counts as 25% of the total grade while the written exams count as 75% of your final
grade.
The grading scale is as follows:
90-100 A
80-89
B
70-79
C
60-69
D
<60
F
I
Incomplete (only under extreme emergencies). Requires a written contract for
completion.
NA Not attending (do not use this grade in place of an F)
W Withdrawal (student must turn in official withdrawal form to the Registrar or
appropriate administrator before the designated deadline)
Course Materials:
Textbook(s):
Marieb, Elaine N., RN, MD and Hoehn, Katja, MD, PhD. Anatomy and
Physiology (8th ed.). Person, Benjamin Cummings, Inc. USA, 2009.
Laboratory Text:
Laboratory Manual for Anatomy & Physiology (Camden County
College edition) Wiley, 2011.
Supplemental Materials: A good atlas is also recommended
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