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Study Guide – The Cities, Immigration, Unions, Public Education, and the Agrarian Revolt
Review
- The mechanization of agriculture led directly to …
- Due to events during the years of 1860 to 1890, which experiences were shared by most Native Americans living in
western states …
- African American were disenfranchised in the South by the 1890’s because …
- At the turn of the century, most immigrants settled in cities because …
- Many wealthy American industrialists of the late 19th Century used the theory of Social Darwinism, which led these
industrialists to …
- From 1865 to 1900, the growth of industry affected American society, leading to …
- In the second half of the 1800’s, the settling the Great Plains, the creation of time zones, and the beginning of federal
government regulation all result from …
The Cities
- What was the percentage of the U.S. population living in cities in 1880, 1900, and 1920?
- What did the name “roughnecks” refer to, and what technologies drove the innovation of skyscrapers?
- Know how electricity and multiple “shifts” within factories led to greater worker productivity.
- Know why workers gain more leisure time during the Gilded Age?
- Forms of entertainment and leisure: baseball and sports, vaudeville, ragtime, amusement parks, saloons, the bicycle, etc.
** How did a mass, popular American culture develop in the U.S.?
- Attempts to help the poor: Social Gospel, Salvation Army and YMCA, and settlement houses, and Americanization efforts
- What did cities have to offer that the rural areas did not?
- Who was included in America’s rising middle class?
- What were the living conditions of the working class, including tenements?
Immigration
- Be able to identify examples of push / pull factors
- What were characteristics of the “Old” and “New” immigrants (nation of origin, religious tendencies, etc.)
- Know these terms: Nativism, ethnic enclaves, WASPs, chain migration, and “Saloon culture”
- What could be called the “American Dream,” what was the significance of the Horatio Alger stories?
Unions, Workers Unite
- Know these terms: Marxism, trade vs. industrial unions, blacklisting, lockout, and the “Pinkerton’s”
- Strategy of the Knights of Labor versus the American Federal of Labor (AFL)?
- What were the three “bread and butter” issues the AFL wanted to achieve for its workforce?
- Why were women paid less than men at this time even for the same job?
Public Education
- What were the major changes in education?
- What happens in public education between 1865 and 1895?
- How were students in education prepared for work in the industrial era (regimentation & Carnegie units)?
- How were vocational subjects different for women and men?
Agrarian Revolt
- Deflation and the money supply, and why did deflation especially hurt farmers?
- What was the gold standard?
- What were cooperatives and the Subtreasury plan?
- What were issues that the Farmers Alliance and the Populist Party supported?
- How was the Presidential Election of 1896 a major turning point in American politics?
- What was the central issue of William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech?