Goal 4.01: The Unity and Diversity
Roots:
Di = two
Pro = before
Uni = one
Multi = many
Proto = first
Pseudo = false
Con = together
In = not/without
Septum = fold/division
Arthro = jointed
Append = to join
Exo = outer
Morph = shape
Ecto = outside
Dorm = sleep
Gymno = naked
Angio = flower
Lesson 24: Classification Systems
Classification = systematic grouping of organisms based on
common characteristics
Taxonomist = scientists who study how to classify organisms.
http://www.simpletruths.tv/store/videos/EEN
Pvideo.html
Linneaus…
Developed the
binomial nomenclature
(named for Genus species)
system:
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Aristotle…
(Did King Phillip Come Over
For Good spaghetti?)
developed earliest classification system
DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS
DOMAIN
BACTERIA
ARCHAEA
KINGDOM
Eubacteria
Arachaea
Bacteria
Protista
CELL TYPE
Prokaryote Prokaryote
Eukaryote
CELL
Cell wall,
STRUCTURE peptido…
Cell wall,
NO peptido
EUKARYA
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Mixed
Cell wall
Cell wall,
cellulose
No cell wall
BODY
FORM
Unicellular Unicellular
Unicell and
Multicell
Unicell and Multicell
Multicell
multicell
NUTRITION
Autotroph Autotroph
and hetero and hetero
Autotroph
and hetero
Heterotrop Autotrophic
heterotrop
Guess which belongs to which!
Where does it belong?
Lesson 25: Classifying Using Keys
Dichotomous Key = uses pairs of statements/questions
Steps for using a dichotomous key:
1. Observe organism.
2. Select one option from a set of two descriptive statements.
3. Go to the next set of statements as directed depending on
your answer to the previous set.
4. Continue in this manner until you reach the identification
name of the organism.
Dichotomous Key Activity
http://www.lnhs.org/hayhurst/ips/dichot/
Organism
Which two organisms are most closely related?
Classification Level Keys = compare organisms according to their
levels of classification.
DOMAIN
EUKARYA
EUKARYA
EUKARYA
KINGDOM
ANIMAL
ANIMAL
PLANT
PHYLUM
CHORDATE
ARTHROPOD
CLASS
MAMMAL
INSECT
ORDER
PRIMATE
ODONATE
ASTERALE
FAMILY
HOMINID
AESHNIDAE
ASTERACEAE
GENUS
HOMO
AESHNA
HELIANTHUS
species
sapiens
eremita
agrestus
MAGNOLIOPHYTE
MAGNOLIOPSID
L24-L25 QUIZ
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
DOMAIN
BACTERIA
ARCHAEA
EUKARYA
13.-20.
List in order
the classification of humans.
5.
1.
Which
The
systematic
is the
more
closely
grouping
related
of to
organisms
toclassify
humans?
based
ontheir
common
12.
A
key
that
compares
organisms
according
to
4.
Which
2.
Scientists
of
who
following
study
is
how
the
correct
order
organisms
of
classification?
are levels
called
KINGDOM 3. Who developed
Arachaeathe earliest classification system?
Word
bank:
characteristics
a.
An
insect
isBacteria
6.
9. species
10.
of classification
iscalled
calledPhylum,
a 7. Order,8.
a.
Kingdom,
a.
Taxonomists
Class,
Family,
Genus,
11.
Ab.key
that
uses a system
of asking two questions at a
a.
Linneaus
Animalia
sapiens
a.
A
Taxonomy
plant
a.
taxonomic
key Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
b.
b.
Kingdom,
Classificationists
Phylum,
CELL TYPE
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote a specific
Eukaryoteorganism
Eukaryoteis called
Eukaryote
time
to
lead
the
user
to
identify
a
b.
Aristotle
Homo
Chordate
c.
b.
A
Classification
reptile
classification
levels
key
c. b.
Kingdom,
c.c.taxonomic
Systematists
Order,
Class,
Phylum, Family, Genus, species
a.
key
Darwin
Hominid
Primate
c.c. Systematics
dichotomous
key
levels
CELL Eukarya
Cell b.
wall,classification
Cell wall, Mammal
Mixed key Cell wall
Cell wall,
No cell wall
STRUCTURE peptido…
NO peptido key
cellulose
c.
dichotomous
Word bank:
BODY
Animalia Unicellular Unicellular
FORM
Unicell and
Multicell
Unicell and Multicell
Multicell
multicell
Autotroph
and hetero
Autotroph
and hetero
Heterotrop Autotrophic
heterotrop
Plantae
NUTRITION
Protozoa Autotroph
and hetero
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Life Functions of Bacteria
All bacteria are unicellular.
• Capsule, Cell wall & Membrane.
• One long circular DNA
• Plasmids = small circular DNA
• Flagellum on some.
• NO Nucleus.
• Ribosomes
Plasmid
• Shapes of Bacteria:
• coccus
• spirillum
• bacillus
www.ynet.co.il
biology.touchspin.com
www.madrimasd.org
BINARY FISSION = asexual reproduction of bacteria
CONJUGATION= sexual reproduction of bacteria
A. Pili are
extended
and link.
B. Bacteria are
pulled
together and
fuse.
C. Plasmid DNA
is replicated.
D. Copy of
Plasmid DNA
is transferred
to recipient
bacteria.
Recipient
Lesson 26: Life Functions in Protists
CONJUGATION
Protozoans = animal-like
• flagellates = use flagella
• amoebas = use pseudopods
• ciliates = use cilia
two nuclei (macro and micro)
conjugation = swapping genes
Protozoans = animal-like
sporozoans = reproduce with spores
MALARIA
spores
spores
spores
Algae = plant-like
DIATOMS
• diatoms = silicon
• dinoflagellates =
use flagella
• euglenoids = use flagella
and have chloroplasts
• red algae = live deep ocean
dangerous algal blooms
• brown algae = seaweed
• green algae = chloroplasts,
alternation of generations
Alternation of Generations
Sexual
flagellum
Asexual
chloroplast
Alternates between
diploid and haploid.
Molds = fungus-like
• slime molds = colorful blobs
• water molds = tiny threads
Bacteria (11:06)
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Protista and Fungi (20:00)
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L26 QUIZ
BACTERIA AND PROTOZOA
10.
10a.
What
do
following
we
call
steps
sexual
of
bacterial
reproduction
conjugation
of called?
bacteria?
in
the
9.
12.
13.
14.
Mark
22.
Matching:
1.
2-8.
15.
What
Which
Which
List
What
Match
theallthe
is
following
does
of
of
the
the
the
the
Alternation
asexual
labeled
following
following
as the
TRUE
reproduction
isis
would
that
of
or
NOT
NOT
Generations
FALSE.
are
you
true
true
characteristics
of
most
of
of
bacteria
protozoans?
protozoan
Protozoans?
mean?
likely
find
oflocomotion?
bacteria.
in
a2. damp
11.Place
What
is
the
primary
difference
between
bacterial
conjugation
a.
Conjugation
sequence.
a. correct
a.
basement?
Cell
bacterial
Conjugation
a.
a.
wall
Protozoans
Flagellates
Ciliates
An
but
cell
organism
no
structures
have
membrane.
use
are
two
spends
flagella.
unicellular.
nuclei.
to part of its life in a haploid state
and
bacterial
binary
fission?
Binary
fission
•16.
23.
b. b.
b.
Coccus
the
and
Diatoms
One
Binary
b.words
a.
part
long
Slime
Protozoans
Cilliates
Sporozoan
in
are
fission
circular
below.
amold
made
diploid
use
are
DNA.
cilia.
ofstate.
animal-like
silicon.
are called
a.organisms.
Rod-shaped
spores.
a.
Conjugation
isgametes
asexual
and
binary
fission is sexual.
A.
c.
Duplication
are
pulled
together
and
fuse.
•17.
24.
c. Bacteria
c.a.
Spirillum
Dinoflagellates
Plasmids
Duplication
c.
b.
b.
Pili
Amoebas
Malaria
Water
All
An
protozoans
=organism
small
mold
is is
use
a circular
sporozoan
amoebia.
spends
flagella.
have
DNA.
flagella.
part
that
b.
of
isits
Spherical
transferred
life asisaasexual.
spore
by mosquitoes.
and part
b.
Conjugation
sexual
and
binary
fission
B.
ofSome
Plasmid
DNA is transferred
to
recipient
•18.
25.
d. Copy
Bacillus
b.
as
Euglenoids
Flagellum
aConjugation
d.Flagellum
seed.
on
use
protozoans
some.
flagella
and
reproduce
have
c.
mitochondria.
sexually.
Spiral
c.
transfers
DNA
and
binary
fission transfers RNA.
8.
•19.
e. bacteria.
c.
Red
NOConjugation
c.
Cell
Nucleus.
algae
Anmembrane
organism
live deep
spends
oceanRNA
and
part
produce
of binary
its lifedangerous
as
a flower
algal
andblooms.
part
d.
transfers
and
fission
transfers
DNA.
7.
C.
extended
andcalled
link. seaweed.
•20.
f. Pili
d.
as
Brown
Ribosomes
aare
Ribosomes
plant.
algaeare
is also
present.
6.
D.
Plasmid
DNA
is
replicated.
•21.
g. e.
Green
All Capsule
arealgae
multicellular.
has chloroplasts and alternation of generations.
5.
f. Cell wall
g. Cytoplasm
4.
3.
Lesson 27: Life Functions in Annelid Worms
Invertebrate = no backbone
Septa = walls that separate body into segments
Closed circulatory system = “blood” runs through vessels
Movement = alternately contracting muscles
Earthworm Movement
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m/index.cfm?guidAssetId=F46DA587
-8F6E-4D48-94C5CE5A7B2F63E5&blnFromSearch=1&p
roductcode=US
Oligochaetes = earthworms
Leeches = parasites
Polychaetes = oceanic
Lesson 28: Life Functions of Insects
(all legs are attached to the thorax)
Exoskeleton = outside skeleton
Mouthparts = sucking, biting
Sensory = antennae, compound eyes, chemical receptors
Circulation = open circulatory system
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/howstuffworks/384-how-bees-work-video.htm
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/6133-incredible-insects-bees-video.htm
COMPLETE Metamorphosis = egg – larva – pupa – adult
INCOMPLETE Metamorphosis = egg – nymph– adult
Metamorphosis
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Lesson 29: Life Functions in Amphibians
Metamorphosis = egg – larva - adult
• Lungs
• 3-chambered heart
• 2 loops for blood
• Ectothermic =
cold-blooded
• Dormant in winter or
drought
• Anura = frogs/toads
• Caudata = salamanders
• Caecilians = snake-like
Frog from fertilized cell to tadpole
Frog development video
About Reptiles
• Dry scaly skin.
• Cold-blooded.
• Some lay eggs,
other have live
births.
www.furiouscylon.com
pricklypalace.com
blog.desertcanyonreptiles.com
Reptiles and Amphibians (43:31)
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L27-L29 QUIZ
Annelid Worms, Insects, and Reptiles/Amphibians
Matching:
Label
24.
True
Which
or
the
False:
illustration
of
List
the
allfollowing
that apply.
represents the
life cycle of an
Label
the
illustration
19.
using
amphibian?
the
9.
10.
using
the following
following
8.
11.
1.
5.
words:
15.
25.
29.
Oligochaetes
Invertebrates
In an insectamphibians
Amphibians
Snake-like
all
have
have
of the
ano
closed
legs
backbone.
are
circulatory
attached
a. Oceanic
system.
to
a.the
Anura
annelid
abdomen.
worms
words:
2. Polychaetes
6.
16.
26.
30.
Walls
Insects
Adult
Slimy
a.that
skin
amphibians’
Egg,
have
separate
larva,
a closed
pupa,
respiratory
ancirculatory
earthworm’s
adult system
b.
system.
body
Parasites
includes
b.into
Caudata
segments
lungs. are
14.
7.
Legs
17.
27.
31.
Leeches
called
Insects
Amphibians
Salamanders
b. septa.
Egg,
havelarva,
are
an exoskeleton
ectothermic,
adult
and
meaning
c.
therefore
Earthworms
they
c. Caecilians
do
warm
not have
their a
Pupa
3.
Thorax
32.
Annelid
backbone.
bodies
Toads/frogs
c. Egg,
using
worms
nymph,
outside
haveadult
an
sources.
open circulatory d.
system.
Reptiles
Larvae
4.
Mouthparts
18.
28.
33.
Annelid
Insects
In
Scaly
ad.
drought,
skin
Egg,
have
worms
larva,
compound
amphibians
move
tadpole,
by eyes
alternately
will
adult
that
hibernate.
are
contracting
made of multiple
muscles.
Adult
23.
Head
34.
visual
Lay
eggs
parts.
Egg
Antennae
35.
Ectothermic
Incomplete
metamorphosis 22.
Complete
metamorphosis
Abdomen
36.
Endothermic
20.
13.
Wings
12.
21.
Life Functions in Fish
Lateral Line System = sensory line that runs along the sides of fish
allowing them to sense when other organisms are nearby.
Lateral Line System
bioweb.uwlax.edu
www.2kiwis.co.uk
bss.sfsu.edu
Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals
Mammary glands = specialized glands
that produce milk for young.
Diaphragm = large muscle
at bottom of ribs that
forces air into and out of
the lungs.
Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals
4-Chambered Heart
Endotherms
(make our own heat)
Movement
Closed Circulatory System
(blood is in vessels)
BRAIN
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/3d/
Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals
REPRODUCTION:
Umbilical Cord = connection between baby and mother through
which nutrients, oxygen and wastes are exchanged.
Placenta = sac that the baby is in
Marsupials = early development of baby
in a pouch
Monotremes = mammals that lay
eggs
Miniature horse foaling
http://www.bitoblue.com/video.html
Lesson 30: Life Functions in Mammals
Human Embryos
Embryo
Fetus
mhhe.com
octopusmom.wordpress.com
www.sciencemuseum.org.uk
www.odec.ca
www.digitaljournal.com
Human Fetuses
missinglink.ucsf.edu
www.sideshowworld.com
www.prolifeforum.org
moniquemonicat.files.wordpress.com
Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants
NonVascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
Vascular Plants: All other plants
Hornworts
Liverworts
Mosses
Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants
Gametophyte
Sporophyte
Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants
Angiosperms – flower plants
Male/
Pollen
Female/
Ovule
Gymnosperms – cone plants
Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants
Pollination = when the pollen falls
into the female part of the plant.
Fertilization = when the sperm
and egg are united to form a zygote.
Seed Plants – Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
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Lesson 31: Life Functions in Plants
Cotyledon = seed leaf;
provides nutrients for
young growth
Monocotyledon =
One seed leaf
Dicotyledon =
Two seed leaves
Plant Movement? Sure!
Tropism = responses of plants to external stimuli
Gravitropism = movement of plants in response to gravity.
Roots growing downward
www.clubkayak.com
Plant Movement? Sure!
Sunflowers following the sun
Phototropism = movement
of plants in response to light.
iprojectideas.blogspot.com
pixalo.com
Plant Movement? Sure!
Vines climbing a tree
Thigmotropism =
movement of plants in
response to touch.
farm1.static.flickr.com
L30-L31 QUIZ
Mammals and Plants
1.True
Which
of thebreathe
following
is atrue
of mammals?
2.True
Mammals
ororFalse:
with
muscle
called the
False:
a.
Mammals
feed
their
young
withheart
regurgitated
foods.
10.
Matching:
Which
of the
following
are vascular
plants?
a.
3.
Mammals
Lungs
have
a
3-chambered
like
amphibians.
11.
Which
of feed
the
following
is not
true
an
angiosperm?
of non-vascular
plants?
6.Mammals
Mammal
fetuses
are
receive
nutrients,
oxygen
and
b.12.
their
young
with
mammary
glands.
a.
Liverworts
b.remove
4.
Mammals
Diaphragm
arethrough
mobile.
a.
They
Dogwood
exhibit
tree
alternation
of generations.
waste
a
structure
called
the umbilical
cord.
c.
Mammals
do
not
feed
their
young,
the
young
forage
for
a.5.
Pollination
b.
Hornworts
b.
Fertilization
c.7.Mammals
Abdomen
are
endothermic.
b.
They
Rose
bush
live
part
of
their
lives as
diploid
organisms
and part
Mammal
fetuses
are
enclosed
in
a
protective
sack
called
food
themselves.
c.c. Tomato
plants
as
Christmas
haploid
tree
organisms.
the
placenta.
13. Transfer
d.d.
Mosses
ofproduce
pollen
from
one angiosperm
to another.
c.
They
Tomato
plant
sporophytes
and
gametophytes.
8. In Monotremes, early development occurs in a pouch
14. When
pollen
and ovule
join
toflowering
create the
zygote.
d.
They
produce
seeds
and
parts.
following actual birth.
9. Marsupials are mammals that lay eggs.
Use the following list of terms to identify the parts of the flower
below.
Anther
Sepal
Petal
25.
sensory
in fishbest
thatdescribes
allows them
to remain Stamen
in a
26.The
Which
of theorgan
following
a dicot?
Ovarylarge
Filament
turning
and
moving
a. Agroup,
vascular
plant
in which
thetogether
seed Style
haswithout
only onebumping
Stigma
Carpel
into cotyledon.
each other isPeduncle
called the…
a.
fin plant in which the seed15.has two cotyledons.
b. Dorsal
A vascular
b.
fin
c. Lateral
A nonvascular
plant in which the spores have only one
23.line
16.
c. Ventral
cotyledon.
d.
line
17. two
d. Lateral
A nonvascular
plant in which the spores have
24.
cotyledons.
Study 22.
for a Quiz on Flower Structures
18.
20.
21.
19.
Lesson 32: Adaptations
Plant Adaptations
Animal Adaptations
Stems
Leaves
are
are
adapted
broadened
to toto
Vascular
Shoots
tissue
allow
allows
plants
Roots
allow
plants
toto
Some
Someanimals
animalsadapted
produce toxins to
Flowers
are adapted
hold
catch
water.
more
sunlight.
plant
grow
to
toward
live
on
land.
sun. and animals
Camouflage
= adaptations?
blending
ineating them.
Why
domore
plants
need
remain
in
place.
speed
keep
to
predators
catch
food.
from
catch
dinner!
Mimicry = copying something that increases chances of survival.
Camouflage = ability to hide
blending into the surroundings.
To by
survive!
Moth wings have fake “eyes” to
Batsscare
use sound
waves to move in the
off predators.
dark and catch dinner!
Jellyfish sting and
paralyze their prey.
Coevolution = when two species develop adaptations as a
response to each other.
Mimicry = adaptation that enables some animals
to look like more dangerous animals.
Red and Yellow, kill a fellow.
Red and Black, take it back.
Snake Fun! Is it safe?
Camouflage = ability to blend in with their surroundings
Flash: Exploring the Diversity of Life: Not What They Seem [10:00]