Unit 12
Prefixes of Location and
Medication Administration
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Breathing
• Respiration
• Consists of two processes:
– Inspiration
• Breathing in
– Expiration
• Breathing out
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Breathing
• Verb forms:
– Inspire
– Expire
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Prefix: in• in- = not
• Examples:
– in/compatible = do not mix well together
• E.g., incompatible drugs
– in/compet/ence = unable to perform its function
• E.g., ileocecal incompetence
• in/compet/ent = adjectival form
– E.g., incompetent cervix
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: in• Examples:
– ment/al in/compet/ence = condition of being unable to
think rationally to take care of oneself
– aortic in/compet/ence = condition when blood seeps back
through aortic valves
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Prefix: in• Examples:
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in/continent = unable to control defecation and urination
in/sane = not sane
in/somnia = unable to sleep
in/co/herent = not coherent
• co/herent = logical or clear
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Prefix: in• in- = into
• Examples:
– in/cise = to cut into
• ex/cise = to cut out and remove
– in/cis/ion = a cut
• ex/cision = removal of organ or part
– in/ject = introduce substance into body
– in/ject/or = person or thing that injects
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Prefix: in• Examples:
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in/fus/ion = slow introduction of fluids into vein or tissue
intravenous in/fus/ion (IV) = infusion into vein
in/fus/ion pump = regulates speed of IV flow
in/filtr/ation = permeation or penetration of dissolved
substance into tissue
• E.g., local anesthetic
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Prefix: in• Examples:
– in/still/ation = putting medicated drop into eye or body
cavity
• in/still = verb form
– in/semin/ation = introduction of sperm into female
– artificial in/semin/ation = process of placing sperm into
opening of cervix
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: in• Examples:
– in/flamma/tion = redness, swelling, pain, and heat that
occurs in irritated or infected tissues
• -itis = suffix meaning inflammation
– in/flamma/tory response = part of body’s defense system
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: mal• mal- = bad
• Examples:
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mal/odor/ous = having bad odor
mal/aise = general feeling of illness or feeling poorly
mal/formation = poorly formed
mal/absorption = poor absorption
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Malnutrition
• Poor nutrition
– Can occur in form of overnutrition or undernutrition
– Caused by:
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•
•
•
•
Lack of nutrients
Starvation
Overeating
Socioeconomic conditions
Emotional eating disorders
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Malnutrition
• hyper/phagia = overeating
• Anorexia
– Not eating
– Can be caused by illness
• cach/exia = unhealthy loss of weight and wasting away due to
illness
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Malnutrition
• Anorexia nervosa
– Not eating due to obsession to be thin
• Bulimia
– Binging and purging
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Malaria
• Disease caused by parasite that invades RBCs
– Word origin believed to be caused by bad night air
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malari/al
malari/ous
malari/o/logy
malari/o/therapy
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Prefix: uni• uni- = one
• Examples:
– uni/vers/al = combined into one whole
– uni/ovul/ar = pertains to twins who develop from one
ovum
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Prefix: uni• Examples:
– uni/later/al = pertaining to one side
– uni/cell/ular (also mono/cell/ular) = made of one cell
– uni/nucle/ar (also mono/nucle/ar) = having one nucleus
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: bi• bi- = two
• Examples:
– bi/later/al = pertaining to two sides
– bi/cell/ular = made of two cells
– bi/nucle/ar = having two nuclei
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Prefix: bi• Examples:
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bi/ceps = muscle with two heads
bi/cuspid = tooth with two cuspids
bi/focals = lenses with two areas of focus
bi/sex/ual = sexually attracted to both sexes
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: bi• Examples:
– bi/polar = having two poles
• Pertaining to opposites
– bi/polar affective disorder = condition characterized by
extreme mood swings from manic to depressive state
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: bi• Examples:
– bi/furc/ate = divide into two branches
• furc/o = branching or dividing
• E.g., nerves, arteries
– bi/furc/ation = condition of having two branches
• Noun form
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: tri• tri- = three
• Examples:
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tri/ceps = muscle with three heads
tri/gemin/al nerve = cranial nerve with three branches
tri/cuspid valve = has three cusps
trip/lets = three infants born of same pregnancy
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Prefix: semi• semi- = half
• Used with modern English words or words
closer to modern English
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semi/circle
semi/conscious
semi/private
semi/comatose
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Prefix: hemi• hemi- = half
• Used more than semi- with medical terms
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Prefix: hemi• Examples:
– hemi/cardi/a = presence of only half a heart
– hemi/gastr/ectomy = removal of half the stomach
– hemi/plegia and hemi/paralysis = paralysis of one side of
body
– hemi/an/esthesi/a = anesthesia of half of body
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Terms with genit/o
• genit/o = combining form for beginning or
formation
• genit/al = adjectival form
– E.g., genital herpes
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Terms with genit/o
• Examples:
– genit/als = reproductive structures
– con/genit/al = born with
– con/genit/al deformity = congenital anomaly
• E.g., Down syndrome, curvature of spine, congenital cataracts,
congenital glaucoma (hydr/ophthalm/os), congenital syphilis
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Terms with sanguin/o
• sanguin/o = combining form for blood
• Examples:
– con/sanguin/ity = condition of having blood relationship
• Common ancestor
– sanguin/ous and sanguin/eous = bloody
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: dis• dis- = to free of, to separate, or to undo
• Examples:
– dis/ease = free of ease
– dis/sect = to cut tissue or to undo it into parts
• dis/sect/ion = noun form
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: dis• Examples:
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dis/infect = to free of infective agents
dis/infect/ant = agent that disinfects
dis/infect/ion = process of disinfecting
dis/associate = split off mentally and experience various
persona
• Multiple personality disorder
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Prefix: post• post- = after or behind
• Examples:
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post/prandial = after meals
post/cibal = after food
post/operat/ive = after operation
post/febr/ile = after fever
post/esophageal = behind esophagus
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Prefix: post• Examples:
– post/coital = after sexual intercourse
– post/menopausal = after menopause
– post/natal = after birth
• Refers to baby
– post/part/um = after delivery of baby
• Refers to mother
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Prefix: ante• ante- = before or forward
• Examples:
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ante/pyr/etic = before fever
ante/part/um = before delivery
ante/flex/ion = bending forward
ante/vers/ion = turning forward
ante/posit/ion = position in front
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Terms Dealing with Death
• post/mortem = after death
– mortem = death
• ante/mortem = before death
• mort/ality = death rate
• morbid/ity = rate of occurrence of disease
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Prefix: pre• pre- = before
• Examples:
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pre/operative = before operation
pre/mature = before maturity
pre/cancer/ous = before cancer develops
pre/scribe = write before you can take
pre/script/ion = written order for drug
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Medication Processes
1. Prescribe
– Write order for drug
2. Dispense
– Hand medication to patient after filling prescription
3. Administer
– Give, inject, or apply medication
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Prefix: intra• intra- = within
• Designates within the following anatomical
parts:
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intra-/abdominal = abdomen
intra/cellular = cell
intra/uterine = uterus
intra/crani/al = cranium
intra/cyst/ic = bladder
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Prefix: intra• Examples:
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intra/ven/ous = within vein
intra/arteri/al = within artery
intra/muscul/ar = within muscle
intra/derm/al = within skin
intra/spin/al = within spine
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Angles of Injection
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