Bioinformatics
Dipl. Ing. (FH) Patrick Grossmann
231793@pwr.edu.pl
Contents
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Bioinformatics have a look
Bioinformatics … wait what?
Current researches
Practical Examples
Genomics:
- Description of DNA and co.
- The 1000 Genome Project
• Modeling
• Folding at home
• Conclusion
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Bioinformatics: Take a look
• What does this picture have to do with
bioinformatics?
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Bioinformatics … wait what?
• Biology:
– Science related to living being
• Informatics
– Science of computer systems
• Bioinformatics:
– Is the analysis of biological information
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Some people may say ...
Source:
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/
bioinformaticscourse120530093959phpapp02/95/bioinformaticscourse-6-728.jpg?cb=1345459032
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Current Research in bioinformatics(1)
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Cancer
Genetic mutations
Protein expressions
Evolution
Sequence analysis
Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi
oinformatics#/media/File:Image_
DNA_sequence_-_png.png
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Current Research in bioinformatics(2)
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Practical Examples
• Computational evolutionary biology
– Build complex models to predict the system
over time -> above a large number of species
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Practical Examples
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Practical Examples
• Usage in Agriculture
Source:
https://www.kickstarter.com/pr
ojects/antonyevans/glowingplants-natural-lighting-with-noelectricit?lang=de
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Practical Examples
• Genetic disease analysis
Source: http://www.institut-biotherapies.fr/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Exp_transmission_ang.jpg
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Bioinformatics and Genomics(1)
• Genomics is the study of the collective
genetic material in an organism.
• identifying specific genes in a sequence
which could be of interest.
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Genomics(2)
• In genomics, scientists analyze the DNA in
every chromosome of the organism of
interest.
• When a completely sequenced set of DNA
has been created, this set is collectively
known as a “genome.”
• Aim: Function of each gene
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The 1000 Genome Project
• Successor of “The Human Genome Project”
– Aim: Analyze 2500 People all over the world and
get information's
• Results:
– Every person carries about 200-300 genomes
without functions
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The 1000 Genome Project
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000_Genomes_Project#/media/File:Genetic_Variation.jpg
Proteomics : Protein structure
prediction(1)
• Genomic projects have provided large
number of sequence information
• We Should obtain some benefit from this
information.
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Proteomics : Protein structure
prediction(2)
• Know structural basis -> biology progress
• aims at identifying functional networks of
proteins
• Structure of proteins can be modeled using
homology modeling -> 3D models
• Rational drug design heavily relies on the
structural knowledge of a protein
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Homology modeling
• Create Protein out of its amino acid
sequence
Discover unknown
sequences
Create model
with known
sequences
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Software used for Homology
modeling(1)
• E.g PyMOL (swiss made, used by Novartis)
• PyMOL can be extended via Python
• Uses adaptive Poisson Boltzman Solving
systems
• MPACK
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Software used for Homology
modeling(2)
• MPACK (Modeling Package) is an integrated
protein-modeling suite
• designed to handle modeling of proteins
effectively
• Uses neural networks
• Final model is obtained using PyMOL
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The results of modeling
Source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PyMOL
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Folding at home
• MOST important part of disease research
– If you can’t fold it, you can’t use it
Folding at home
• Nussinov Algorithm (not used anymore)
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Conclusion
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Bioinformatics is a powerful days nowadays
disease treatment
drugs development
better understanding of living beings
Plenty of ways available:
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such as chain-termination method or homology modeling
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That’s it that’s all
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Source: http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/dna-strand-question-mark-against-arranged-used-as-illustrations-medical-health-40876052.jpg