Exam technique
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Give a specific name, value or other brief answer
State without explanation or calculation
Outline Give brief account or summary
Explain Give causes, reasons, or mechanisms
Compare Describe similarities and differences referring to all
in question
List Sequence of names; brief answer with no explanation
Define Precise meaning of word, phrase, or physical
quantity
Topic 2: Cells
2.3 Eukaryotic Cells
2.3.1 Draw and label a diagram of the
ultrastructure of a liver cell as an example of an
animal cell
Exam Question
Draw a labelled diagram showing the ultrastructure of a
liver cell [4 marks]
Award [1] for each structure clearly drawn and correctly labelled.
Whole cells not necessary.
(plasma) membrane—single line surrounding cytoplasm;
nucleus — with a double membrane and pore(s) shown;
mitochondria(ion) — with a double membrane, the inner one folded
into internal projections, shown no larger than half the nucleus;
rough endoplasmic reticulum—multi-folded membrane with dots/
small circles on surface;
Golgi apparatus—shown as a series of enclosed sacs with evidence
of vesicle formation;
ribosomes — dots/small circles in cytoplasm/ribosomes on rER;
lysosome;
Award [0] if plant cell is drawn. Award [2 max] if any plant cell
structure (e.g. cell wall) is present. 4 max
2.3.2 Annotate the diagram with the functions of
each named structure
Structure
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Golgi
apparatus
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Centrosomes
Vacuoles
Prokaryotic
Animals?
Plants? Function
2.3.3 Identify structures
from 2.3.1 in electron
micrographs of liver cells
2.3.3 Identify structures
from 2.3.1 in electron
micrographs of liver cells
2.3.4 Compare
prokaryotic
and
eukaryotic
cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells
small cells (< 5 µm)
always unicellular
no nucleus or any membranebound organelles
larger cells (> 10 µ m)
often multicellular
always have nucleus and other
membrane-bound organelles
DNA is circular, without
proteins
DNA is linear and associated
with proteins to form chromatin
ribosomes are small (70S)
ribosomes are large (80S)
no cytoskeleton
cell division is by binary fission
always has a cytoskeleton
cell division is by mitosis or
meiosis
reproduction is asexual or
sexual
reproduction is always asexual
Exam Question
Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells [6
marks]
Exam Question
Compare between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells [5
marks]
2.3.5 State three
differences
between plant
and animal cells
2.3.6 Outline two roles of extracellular components
1) Plant cell wall:
• Maintains shape of cell
• Supports plant against gravity
• Prevents excessive entry of water to the cell
• Prevents entry of pathogens
2) The animal glycoproteins:
• Provides support and anchorage for cells
• Segregates tissues from one another
• Regulates intercellular communication by sequestering
growth factors