The Second industrial Revolution
The Politics of Progress
Ideology
• Economic vs political- what's the difference?
What is Communism?
A Simple Lesson
What is Communism?
• This is the symbol of
Communism – The
Hammer and the Sickle
Hammer for the
Workers
Sickle for the
Peasants – the farm
labourers
Who are these blokes?
What is Communism?
‘Those Blokes’ wrote the ‘Communist Manifesto’
in 1847. It’s a short book – but billions of people have
read it….
This is Karl Marx, the ‘Father of
Communism’. People who believe in his
ideas are called ‘Marxists’
This is his good friend, Frederick
Engels.
What is Communism?
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Marx and Engels studied the history of the world’s economies.
This means the way that power, industry and finance are controlled.
They saw the way countries developed in stages.
Communism
Socialism
Capitalism
Feudalism
Primitive
Communism
Explain these please!
What is Communism?
Primitive
Communism
This is how humans first lived together – in small tribes.
Primitive means ‘not very advanced’ e.g. hunting and
gathering. Communism means that everything was shared
amongst the tribe – food, jobs, belongings. No-one owned
land. Eventually a group comes to power – this leads to
Feudalism…
What is Communism?
Under feudalism, a
king or emperor or
chief becomes the
ruler over all the
people.
Feudalism
Primitive
Communism
The people are
kept
uneducated
and told that
god chose the
king to rule.
The church
helps the king
this way.
He gives land
and privileges to
‘nobles’ who rule
the people for
him.
As trade develops,
some people get richer.
This leads to
Capitalism…..
What is Communism?
The business
owners or
capitalists get
richer while the
workers do all the
hard work.
The
capitalists
get more
power to
serve their
own
interests.
Feudalism
Capitalism
Capitalism creates a huge working-class of
people who soon get angry at the way
they are treated. They organise in unions
and demand changes. This will lead to a
revolution and Socialism…
What is Communism?
The workers take
control of the
country to
produce things
for everyone.
Because nothing is made
for profit, all people
benefit from education
and health.
Socialism
Capitalism
In the Socialist revolution all
the rulers – kings, churches,
capitalists are got rid of.
These ideas
spread across
the world to
create
Communism….
What is Communism?
The remaining capitalists put
up a bitter fight, but the will
of the people will always win.
Communism
Socialism
As everyone now works together, war
is a thing of the past – armies are not
needed. Sharing means no police are
needed. Everything is provided by the
people – so money becomes a thing of
the past.
All human activity goes
towards benefiting
each other – allowing
all to live their lives to
the full.
“From the toilet to the river in half an
hour!”
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Cuties grow large fast = big problems
What to do?
Boards of health
Clean water and sewage
Better infrastructure
Structure of Society
• 5 % of population wealthy with 40% of wealth
• Middle class – upper middle class with
lawyers, doctors, scientists, engineers, and
lower middle class of shopkeepers, clerks and
secretaries.
• 15 % of population
• Victorian –morality, hard work and
responsibility
• Working class- 80%
• Laborers and domestic servants
Women
• Considered legally inferior and economically
dependant
• 2IR opened the door for some women to work
• Marriage the only honorable career for
women
• Working class women worked!
Modern Feminism
• Nurses: Clara Barton and Florence Nightingale
• In Britain: Suffragists and Women's Equity
Movement
Effects of the Second Wave of
Industrialization
• More schools, compulsory education= literacy
increases
• East E- 80% illiteracy West E- 80% literacy
• What do you think increases with literacy?
• New forms of leisure
Politics of Western democracy