• Together wrote The Communist Manifesto (1847); statement of aims of Communist Party.
• Marx: father of Communism; followers called
Marxists.
• Marx and Engels studied the history of world’s economics (way power, industry and finances are controlled).
• Saw countries developed in stages.

• How humans first lived together: tribes.
• Primitive = basic
• Communism = shared (food, jobs, belongings)
• No one owned land… for a while, until a group comes to power – leads to Feudalism.

• King or emperor becomes ruler of all people
• People left uneducated and told God chose the king to rule; church backs up king.
• King gives land and privileges to “nobles” who rule the people for him.
• Trade develops: some people get richer – leads to
Capitalism.

• Business owners get richer as workers do all the hard work (labor).
• Creates large working class who become angry.
• Working class organizes and demands change (revolution) – leads to Socialism.

• In Socialist revolution, all rulers (kings, churches, capitalists) are eliminated.
• Workers take control of country to produce things for everyone.
• Because nothing made for profit, all people benefit from education and health.
• These ideas spread across the world to create –
Communism.

• Everybody works together for benefit of everyone.
• No war, military, police; no money, social classes, state.

• Social, political, and economic system in which goods are owned in common and available to all.

• Economic and political system based on private ownership and on investment of money in business in order to make profit.

• An unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationship between states based on domination and subordination.

• The exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, unjust or cruel manner.

• Advantages:
– Everyone gets something (equal)
– No unemployment
– Healthcare for all citizens
– Cooperation of the people (work for benefit of country)
• Disadvantages:
– Abuse of power
– Restrictions (no freedom of speech, press, religious practice)
– Censorship
– Against ethnic diversity
– Government controls property
– Individual doesn’t compete

• Advantages:
– Individuals can own property
– Individuals can prosper/compete for wages
– Freedom of speech, press, religion
– Individual work has value
– Diversity has value
• Disadvantages:
– Poverty
– Lack of healthcare for all
– Monopolies: control too much business
– Inequalities (rich/poor; haves/have nots)