WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM
COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY- government agency headed by Robespierre to get rid of
“enemies of the nation”
COUP D’ETAT- takeover of the government (Napoleon)
ELBA- 1st island Napoleon was exiled to after his defeat in Russia
ST. HELENA- Napoleon’s final island of exile after his defeat at Battle of Waterloo
BATTLE OF WATERLOO- Napoleon’s final battle
COMMUNIST MANIFESTO- written by Marx & Engels; states the Proletariat should unite and
overthrow the ruling class.
GUILLOTINE- machine used during the Reign of Terror to behead people
IMPERIALISM- a nation’s desire to control other lands
NATIONALISM- pride in one’s country
GREAT TREK- Boer’s journey into the interior of Africa
SCIENTIFIC METHOD- step by step process for proving a theory based on mathematics
KAISER- leader or emperor of Germany
ENLIGHTENMENT- people gained knowledge and stopped relying on the church & superstition
for answers to problems
SEPOY REBELLION- Indian soldiers refused to fight for the British because they did not respect
their culture
DECEMBRIST REVOLT- 100s of revolutionaries exiled to Siberia- Nicholas I forced the Jews to
Germany
REVOLUTION OF 1905- result of Bloody Sunday; forced to create the Duma
MARCH REVOLUTION- Forced Nicholas II to abdicate
BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION- led by Lenin; brought Communism to Russia (USSR) - based on
the teachings of Karl Marx
BLOODY SUNDAY- peasants marched to the czar’s palace led by Father Georgi Gapon;
Military opened fire, started the Revolution of 1905
CZAR- Russian Ruler
COMMUNISM- government that controls all aspects of life
CHEKA- Stalin’s Secret Police
ALLIANCE SYSTEM- countries agree to protect one another; brought countries into WWI
U-BOAT- German submarine- used to cut off trade British trade
ZIMMERMAN NOTE- telegraph sent from Germany to Mexico, promised them Texas, New
Mexico and Arizona to join the Central powers in WWI
TREATY OF PARIS- ends WWII
TREATY OF VERSAILLES- ends WWI and changed many borders in Europe -- does not create
long lasting peace
REPARATIONS- payments for war damages; Germany had to pay after WWI
THE GREAT WAR- World War 1
MEIN KAMPH- Hitler’s autobiography “My Struggle”
FASCIST PARTY- political party in Italy created by Mussolini
HOLOCAUST- Nazi program of genocide against the Jews and other undesirables
GENOCIDE- mass killing of a race or ethnic group
APPEASEMENT- policy of allowing Hitler to continue taking land to prevent war; Britain and
France
ARMISTICE- end to fighting
BLITZKREIG- lightning warfare; tactic used by Germany to easily invade countries
HIROSHIMA- Japanese city where first atomic bomb dropped August 6, 1945
NAGASAKI- Japanese city where 2nd atomic bomb dropped; August 9, 1945
CONCENTRATION CAMPS- place where Nazi’s took undesirables; worked to death
UNITED NATIONS- peacekeeping body created after WWII
PEOPLE
MAXIMILLIAM ROBESPIERRE- head of the Committee of Public Safety; held reign of terror to
rid the nation of its enemies
NAPOLEON- French General; staged a coup; exiled to Elba and St. Helena; created
Napoleonic Code; expanded borders; kept the nation at war; lost a lot of money
MARX- father of Communism -- author of Communist Manifesto
ENGELS- author of Communist Manifesto
LOUIS XVI- King of France during the French Revolution; beheaded by the guillotine
THOMAS EDISON- light bulb
HENRY FORD- Assembly line -- allowed for cheaper car
ROBERT FULTON- steam ship engine
SAMUEL MORSE- telegraph system
ELI WHITNEY- cotton gin
BOERS- Dutch settlers in South Africa; forced on Great Trek to escape the British
CECIL RHODES- Controlled the diamond mines in South Africa and most of the world’s
diamond output
JAN VON RIEBEECK- established fort in Capetown, South Africa
RICHARD BURTON- studied the Nile from the East Coast of Africa
RENE CALLIE- searched for Timbuktu
DAVID LIVINGSTONE- named Victoria Falls
MUNGO PARK- explored the Niger River
JOHN HANNING SPEKE- declared Lake Victoria the source of the Nile
COPERNICUS- The Earth revolved around the sun; his theory went against Church teachings
GALILEO- perfected the telescope
LOCKE- If the government doesn’t protect your rights, people should rebel
MONTESQUIEU- separation of power in government
NEWTON- defined gravity and invented calculus
ROUSSEAU- all men are created equal
VOLTAIRE- freedom of speech
OTTO VON BISMARCK- Kaiser of Germany
CAMILLO CAVOUR- **
GARIBALDI- **
Nationalists who fought to unite Italy
SEPOY- Indian soldier who fought for the British East India Company
VLADAMIR LENIN- led the Socialist Revolution in Russia; brought Communism to Russia
NICHOLAS I- Decembrist Revolt - exiled people to Siberia
NICHOLAS II- abdicated the throne; created the Duma
ARCHDUKE FERDINAND- heir to the Austrian throne- his assassination caused WWI
MUSSOLINI-creator of the Fascist Party in Italy - Italian leader during WWII
HITLER- Leader of Nazi Germany-- caused WWII
ARYAN-Hitler’s superior race; a person who was blonde hair and blue eyed