Warm Up: 6/1
What type of relationship?
1. Zebras and Oxpeckers
2. Meat Ants and Leaf Hoppers
Oxpeckers, like egrets, feed off of
lice and ticks found on the zebra's
back. But what makes them a
welcomed guest is that they
scream when predators are near.
The vicious meat ant, which is
known to be territorial, chooses
to protect leaf hoppers as well
as certain caterpillars since it
feeds off of their secretions. In
return, the meat ant
protects it's
secreting
friends.
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Organisms Interactions:
Predator Prey
Copy your graph here….
Why did you see that pattern
29
28
Succession
Population Ecology
Population:
Succession:
Primary Succession:
Limiting Factors:
Carrying Capacity:
30
Succession
Secondary Succession:
Climax community:
Notes 3: Population Ecology
Population
Review: What is a population?
Give two examples…
Limiting Factors
Any factor (biotic or abiotic) that
limits population size
Examples: water resources, food resources,
shelter, predators!
Carrying Capacity
The number of one species an environment can
support over a long time.
● Dependent on limiting factors
Notes 4:
Ecological Succession
Succession:
Natural, gradual changes in the
types of species that live in an
area.
1. Primary Succession
●Begins in a place
without any soil
o Volcanic Islands
o Landslides
o Early Earth
●Starts with the
arrival of PIONEER
SPECIES, such as
lichens that do not
need soil to survive
http://www.life.uiuc.edu
30
Succession
Secondary Succession:
Climax community:
How Primary Succession Works
1.Lichens break down
rock to form soil.
2.Plants then colonize
the soil.
3.Diversity in plant life
supports diversity in
animal life.
What was once bare
rock now supports a
variety of Life!
2. Secondary Succession
● Begins in a place that
already has soil.
 Forest fires
 Clear-cuts
 Polluted areas
 Hurricanes, etc.
● Faster than primary
succession.
● Different pioneer species.
(Plants not lichens.)
Climax Community
A stable group of plants and animals that
is the end result of the succession
process.
Succession Activity
1. For each event, arrange the pictures in order
of succession, and write their numbers or letters in order.
2. Identify each event as either Primary or Secondary.
3. What initially disturbed the environment?
4. Did life exist in this environment prior to the
disturbance? Explain.
5. What pioneer species came first?
6. How did the pioneer species changed the environment
for other living things to colonize?
7. Describe the organisms in the climax community.
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=9kkWxUgMHfA
Succession Game
Rules:
Each player chooses a game piece and rolls the dice to see who moves
first. The person who rolls the highest number goes first and turns continue
in a clockwise rotation.
To move through the game board, players roll a dice and follow the
squares. When a player lands on a red square they draw a card. The card
will designate the next move of EVERY player.
After a card has been played, the next player starts his/her turn from their
current position depending on what the last turn assigned. Some players
may be affected in other players’ turns depending on the card.
If two players end up on the same square, no matter the color, they will
have to duel for survival. In a duel, the person who rolls the highest
number wins. The winner moves up one space, the loser moves back one
space.
Post-Game Questions
1. Give one example based on the cards when the success
of one species positively affected the success of another
species
2. Give one example based on the cards when the success
of one species negatively affected the success of another
species.
Glossary!
Table of Contents
Prokaryotes
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Eukaryotes
Protists
Animal Like
Plant Like
Plants
Photosynthesis
Vascular Plants
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
Nonvasuclar Plants
Type 1
Fungi
Reproduction
Animals
Evolution of Types
Invertebrate Phylum 21
Vertebrate Phylum
Ecology
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
Fruit Competition
Write the type of organism interaction
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
Competition
Predator/Prey
There will be 5 questions!
1. Grizzly Bear & Salmon
The Grizzly Bear
braces itself as it
waits for salmon to
jump upstream to
their breeding
grounds. The bears
rely on the salmon for
nutrition.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
2. Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab carries a
pair of stinging anemones
in its claws, which it uses
to defend itself from
predators. The anemones
get to move around which
increases their food
supply.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
3. Shark & Remora
The remora attaches
itself to the shark and
saves energy since it
doesn’t have to swim,
and it gets to snack on
the sharks kills. The
shark doesn’t get
anything.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
4. Elk
A battle or contest
between individuals,
groups, animals, etc. for
territory, a niche, or a
location of resources. It
arises whenever two or
more parties strive for a
goal which cannot be
shared.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
5. Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber
This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the
back of a sea cucumber (a long worm-like
starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy
bottom. The shrimp gets to travel around under
the protection of its much larger partner, and the
sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
1. Grizzly Bear & Salmon
The Grizzly Bear
braces itself as it
waits for salmon to
jump upstream to
their breeding
grounds. The bears
rely on the salmon for
nutrition.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Predator/Prey
2. Boxer Crab & Anemones
This Boxer Crab carries a
pair of stinging anemones
in its claws, which it uses
to defend itself from
predators. The anemones
get to move around which
increases their food
supply.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Mutualism
3. Shark & Remora
Commensalism
The remora attaches
itself to the shark and
saves energy since it
doesn’t have to swim,
and it gets to snack on
the sharks kills. The
shark doesn’t get
anything.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
4. Elk
A battle or contest
between individuals,
groups, animals, etc. for
territory, a niche, or a
location of resources. It
arises whenever two or
more parties strive for a
goal which cannot be
shared.
What symbiotic
relationship is this?
Competition
5. Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber
This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the
back of a sea cucumber (a long worm-like
starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy
bottom. The shrimp gets to travel around under
the protection of its much larger partner, and the
sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind.
Commensalism
What symbiotic
relationship is this?