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utilizing perlite as the primary aggregate.
This guide provides some basic mix
designs, which may be used as stated or as a
starting point for your own custom mixes.
Perlite lightweight concrete is used in many
differentapplications.
These include lightweight tile mortar, garden
sculpture, decorative brick, gas-fireplace logs
and floor fills.
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Some Perlite Concrete Applications
Chimney Lining Statuary
Floor Systems Tank Bases
Fuel Tanks Tank Insulation
Pool Base Tile Mortars
Sound/Firewalls Underground Pipe
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DEFINITION:
Flyash is defined in Cement and
Concrete Terminology (ACI Committee 116)
as “the finely divided residue resulting from
the combustion of ground or powdered coal,
which is transported from the firebox
through the boiler by flue gases.” Flyash is a
by-product of coal-fired electric generating
plants.
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Flyash is one of three general types of coal
combustion byproducts (CCBP’s). The use of
these byproducts offers environmental
advantages by diverting the material from the
wastestream, reducing the energy investment in
processing virgin materials, conserving virgin
materials, and allaying pollution.
Thirteen million tons of coal ash are produced in
Texas each year. Eleven percent of this ash is
used which is below the national average of 30 %.
About 60 – 70% of central Texas suppliers offer
flyash in ready-mix products. They will substitute
flyash for 20 – 35% of the portland cement used
to make their products.
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Fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC)
is concrete containing fibrous material which
increases its structural integrity. It contains
short discrete fibers that are uniformly
distributed and randomly oriented. Fibers
include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic
fibers and natural fibers. Within these
different fibers that character of fiberreinforced concrete changes with varying
concretes, fiber materials, geometries,
distribution, orientation and densities.
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Fibers are usually used in concrete to control cracking due
to both plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage. They also
reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduce
bleeding of water. Some types of fibers produce greater
impact, abrasion and shatter resistance in concrete.
Generally fibers do not increase the flexural strength of
concrete, and so cannot replace moment resisting
or structural steel reinforcement. Indeed, some fibers
actually reduce the strength of concrete
The amount of fibers added to a concrete mix is
expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the
composite (concrete and fibers), termed volume fraction
(Vf). Vf typically ranges from 0.1 to 3%. Aspect ratio (l/d) is
calculated by dividing fiber length (l) by its diameter (d).
Fibers with a non-circular cross section use an equivalent
diameter for the calculation of aspect ratio
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Improve mix cohesion, improving pumpability
over long distances
Improve freeze-thaw resistance
Improve resistance to explosive spalling in
case of a severe fire
Improve impact resistance
Increase resistance to plastic shrinkage
during curing
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Improve structural strength
Reduce steel reinforcement requirements
Improve ductility
Reduce crack widths and control the crack
widths tightly thus improve durability
Improve impact & abrasion resistance
Improve freeze-thaw resistance
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What Is polimer concrete ?
Polymer concrete is a material made up
of different types of aggregates adhered by
polyester resins. This material's lightweight
nature, and its practically zero percentage of
water absorption guarantees complete
watertightness. Furthermore, its stability toward
the freezing-thawing cycles, its high resistance
to most chemicals and shock, and its minimum
wear from abrasion are other characteristics that
make polymer concrete a high quality material.
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Composition
In polymer concrete, thermosetting resins are
used as the principal polymer component due to
their high thermal stability and resistance to a
wide variety of chemicals.
Polymer concrete is also composed of
aggregates that include silica, quartz, granite,
limestone, and other high quality material.
The aggregate must be of good quality, free of
dust and other debris, and dry. Failure of these
criteria can reduce the bond strength between
the polymer binder and the aggregate.
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Uses
* Polymer concrete may be used for new
construction or repairing of old concrete. The
adhesion properties of polymer concrete allow
patching for both polymer and cementitious
concretes.
* The low permeability of polymer concrete
allows it to be used in swimming pools, sewer pipes,
drainage channels, electrolytic cells for base metal
recovery, and other structures that contain liquids. It
can also be used as a replacement for asphalt
pavement, for higher durability and higher strength.
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Rapid curing at ambient temperatures
High tensile, flexural, and compressive strengths
Good adhesion to most surfaces
Good long-term durability with respect to freeze and
thaw cycles
Low permeability to water and aggressive solutions
Good chemical resistance
Good resistance against corrosion
Lightweight
May be used in regular wood and steel formwork
May be vibrated to fill voids in forms
Allows use of regular form-release agents
Dialectric
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Some safety issues arise out of the use of
polymer concrete.
The monomers can be volatile, combustible,
and toxic.
Initiators, which are used as catalysts, are
combustible and harmful to human skin.
The promoters and accelerators are also
dangerousPolymer concretes also cost
significantly more than conventional
concrete.
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Plasticizers (UK = plasticisers) or dispersants are
additives that increase the plasticity or fluidity of
a material. The dominant applications are for
plastics, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The
properties other materials are also improved
when blended plasticizers including concrete,
clays, and related products.
Ester plasticizers
Plasticizers used in PVC and other plastics are
often based on esters of polycarboxylic acids
with linear or branched aliphatic alcohols of
moderate chain length.
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Plasticizers or water reducers,
and superplasticizer or high range water
reducers, are chemical admixtures that can
be added to concrete mixtures to
improve workability
Plasticizers are also often used
when pozzolanic ash is added to concrete to
improve strength. This method of mix
proportioning is especially popular when
producing high-strength concrete and fiberreinforced concrete.
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Adding 1-2% plasticizer per unit weight of
cement is usually sufficient. Adding an excessive
amount of plasticizer will result in
excessive segregation of concrete and is not
advisable. Depending on the particular chemical
used, use of too much plasticizer may result in a
retarding effect
Superplasticizers have generally been
manufactured
from sulfonated naphthalene condensate or
sulfonated melamine formaldehyde, although
newer products based on polycarboxylic ethers
are now available. Traditional lignosulfonatebased
plasticisers, naphthalene and melamine sulfonate
-based superplasticisers disperse the flocculated
cement particles through a mechanism of
electrostatic repulsion
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Epoxy or polyepoxide is a thermosetting
epoxide polymer that cures when mixed with
a catalysing agent or 'hardener'. Most
common epoxy resins are produced from
epichlorohydrin and bisphenol-A. They have
excellent adhesion, chemical and heat
resistance, mechanical strength and electrical
insulating properties
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extensive and include
coatings, adhesives and composite
materials such as those using carbon
fiber and fiberglass reinforcements
good-to-excellent mechanical properties and
very good electrical insulating properties.
Many properties of epoxies can be modified
(for example silver-filled epoxies with
good electrical conductivity are available,
although epoxies are typically electrically
insulating
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screed is a thin, top layer of material
(traditionally sand and cement), poured in
situ on top of the structural concrete or
insulation, on top of which other finishing
materials can be applied, or it can be left bare
to achieve an effect similar to that in
buildings by Tadao Ando. It is becoming
more common to use "self levelling" poured
screeds which use materials other than
cement as their binder.
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Concrete has relatively high compressive
strength, but significantly lower tensile
strength, and as such is usually reinforced
with materials that are strong in tension
. Concrete has a very low coefficient of
thermal expansion, and as it matures
concrete shrinks
The density of concrete varies, but is around
2,400 kg/m³ (150 pounds per cubic foot or
4,050 lb/yd³)
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The ultimate strength of concrete is
influenced by the water-cementitious
ratio (w/cm), the design constituents, and the
mixing, placement and curing methods
employed
All concrete will crack independent of
whether or not it has sufficient compressive
strength. In fact, high Portland cement
content mixtures can actually crack more
readily due to increased hydration rate
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Cast-in-place concretes
Decorative purpose
Fiber Cement
Green roof
Building design
White Topping
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Beams, drain tiles, piers, steps
Post, Beam and Deck
Pilasters and round column forms
Brickledge application
Hardscape < Pavers
High Performance Admixtures
Masonry
Soil solidification
Stucco < Tilt-up
Insulating Concrete Form
Motorways/roads, overpasses and parking structures
Brick/block walls and bases for gates, fences and poles
Building structure, fences and poles
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What is High Performance Concrete?
High Performance Concrete is concrete
designed to exceed the performance of
ordinary concrete.