Atoms
Atoms are the building blocks of matter!
Matter
Elements
Atoms
Atom
• the smallest particle into which an element
can be divided and still maintain the
properties of that element.
• Atom means “cannot be divided”
The Atoms
Family
Video
Song
http://www.songsforteaching.com/sciencesongs.htm
Atoms are made of subatomic
particles
• Inside Nucleus
– Proton- positively charged particle
– Neutron- neutral (no charge)
particle
• In Electron Cloud
– Electron- negatively charged
particle
Subatomic Parts Chart
Subatomic
Part
Proton
Neutron
Electron
Weight
Yes
No
Charge
Positive
Negative
Where Found
Neutral
Inside
Nucleus
Outside
Nucleus
J.J. Thompson
Discovered positively and negatively
charged particles inside the sphere that
neutralized each other
Ernest Rutherford
Suggested that atoms have a nucleus
Niels Bohr
Calculated energy levels and found electrons moved in waves, which then
created the electron cloud model
ATOMS
•
•
•
•
Teeny, tiny, itsy, bitsy, small, small small
Invisible to the naked eye
Observed only by an electron microscope
Millions of them will fit on the point of a
needle.
Review Video
Song Atom’s Family
Welcome to Matterville!
CELL
• Cells are found in LIVING things only
• Cells are much, much, much larger then
atoms
Non Living
Living
Plants
Animals
Photosynthesis
Can Move
No locomotion Can’t make own food
Cells
Atoms
Element
Atomic #
Helium
2
# of Protons
Symbol
Atomic Mass
4.003
Protons
+ Neutrons
Symbol
•
•
•
•
Each element has a symbol
Symbols are like shorthand for chemists.
Many have Latin Roots (Lead –Pb)
Some are single upper case letters
– example: C is for carbon
• Some have an upper case and a lower
case letter
– Example- Ni is for nickle
QUICK REVIEW…
• Atomic # is the number of PROTONS in
an atom. (and Electrons if the atom is
neutral)
Atomic # = PROTONS (+) or Electrons
• Atomic Mass is the sum of PROTONS and
NEUTRONS in the nucleus of the atom.
Atomic Mass = P + N
Review…
Use the diagram to
answer the questions.
• What is the atomic # of
this atom?
• What is the atomic mass
of this atom?
• What is the name of this
Element?
Proton / Neutron / Electron
Review…
Use the diagram to
answer the questions.
• What is the atomic # of
this atom?
– 6 (count the protons)
• What is the atomic mass
of this atom?
– 12 (add protons + neutrons
in nucleus)
• What is the name of this
Element?
– Carbon (use the atomic
number to find on P.Table)
Proton / Neutron / Electron
READ GATEWAY
TEXTBOOK
The Structure and Parts of an Atom pg. 16-19
Pop Quiz
States of Matter
Finding the # of each particle in an atom
Page 12 & 20 in Gateway
Complete & Turn In
Worksheet
“The Atoms Family Atomic
Math Challenge”
GOOD NEWS!
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BAD NEWS!
About Nuclear Power
Radioactive Decay:
Atoms become unstable, and release
particles to stabilize. The by-product is
radioactive decay.
It’s deadly, and it (almost) never goes away.
Half Life
• Definition: amount of time it takes for half a
sample of radioactive material to decay
– Problem: Tritium has a half-life of 12.5 years. If
you start with 20 g, how much tritium would be
left after 50 years?
• Know: Half-life: 12.5 years; initial amount 20 g
• Need to find: How many half lives in 50 yrs.; how
much tritium would be left
• Half life: 50 yrs / 12.5 yrs = 4 half lives
• Material left:
1. 20 g / 2 = 10 g 3. 5 / 2 = 2.5 g
2. 10 g / 2 = 5 g
4. 2.5 g / 2 = 1.25 g
Element
• Definition: Substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances
• A substance that contains only one kind of
atom.
• There is a whole table of them (Periodic
Table of elements)
Molecules vs. Compounds
• Molecule: Particle made of two or more of
the same kind of atoms
• Compound: Substance made of two or
more elements
Molecule
Compound
Mixtures
• When two or more substances come
together but DO NOT combine to make a
new substance.
• There are two types:
– Heterogeneous mixture: has large parts
that are different and can be easily
separated from each other
– Homogeneous mixture: the same
throughout; can’t be separated easily,
parts cannot be easily identified.
Practice with Molecules &
Compounds
Practice wksheet
Chemical Bond & Bonding
• When atoms are attached together
to make molecules and compounds
• Bonding is the process of atoms
combining to form new substances
Video
!Valence Electrons!
• The number of outer or “valence” electrons
in an atom effects the way an atom bonds.
• Valence is a Latin word that means “strength”
• Valence electrons determine the chemical
strength of an atom for bonding with other
atoms.
• This is why elements within a group/family
usually have similar properties.
Valence Electrons
To determine how many valence electrons
an atom has you must be able to draw the
atom or use the periodic table as a
reference.
Group or Family # is an easy “trick” to
valence electrons for groups 1&2, 13-18
(groups 3-12 don’t follow this rule- these you
must draw out )
Valence electron
Group/Family# “trick”
Group
1
Group
2
Group
3-12
Group
13
Group
14
Group
15
Group
16
Group
17
Group
18
1 Ve-
2 Ve-
NO
RULE
3 Ve-
4 Ve-
5 Ve-
6 Ve-
7 Ve-
8 Veor Full
Shell
You can always draw one to
check it out!
Bonding
• Covalent Bonding: When atoms share
an electron (5 or more ve-)
• Ion: atom with an electrical charge
• Ionic Bonding: occurs when an atom
gains or loses an electron (1 to 4 ve-)
5 or more Valence Electrons = they share!!
1 to 4 valence electrons = take or give away
Ionic Bonding
Group
1
Group
2
Group
3-12
Group
13
Group
14
Group
15
Group
16
Group
17
Group
18
1 Ve-
2 Ve-
3 Ve-
4 Ve-
5 Ve-
6 Ve-
7 Ve-
+1
+2
NO
RULE
+2
+3
+/-4
-3
-2
-1
8 Veor Full
Shell
Now who is going to lose or
gain?
Science Starter
Review Notes
Science Starter PPT #96
Ion Note Sheet & Ions and their
charges worksheet
Science Starter
Review Notes
Review
Science Starter PPT #24
Atoms Mini-Test
Video Quiz
Extras
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Interactive lessons
Periodic Table Adventure
Atoms family
Elements song
Class Notes: Property of Matter Notes (P) & Matter Scramble Puzzle & Crossword Puzzle
BrainPOP movie Worksheet - Properties of Matter
Element of the Day - (pdf) Students will take notes on the first 18 elements
Color the periodic table according to the families (pdf)
Elements Bingo Cards - Class set of 36 cards in PDF format
Elements Word Search (pdf)
Worksheet : Differentiate between an isotope, ion, new element and molecule |
Atomic Musical Chairs (pdf) - students will become part of an atomic model.
Interactive:
Internet Lab : Getting to know the Periodic Table.| Los Alamos Periodic table Periodic Table
Families
Funbrain - Proton Don- Can you guess the element?
The Visual Elements Periodic Table: Wonderful graphics!!! Provides chemical data for each
element.
Element Project: Adopt an Element (PDF)- students will research and create an advertising poster
for their element. Thanks to www.sciencespot.net!
Making Molecular Models Lab : Practice Covalent & Ionic Bonding.
Bond with a Classmate Activity: Learn how to make and name binary compounds. (PDF)
Radioactive Decay and Half Life Lab - Students will simulate and graph radioactive decay.