WEEK 19 A&P Get out your microscopic bone diagram and verify that you have the following labels for next weeks diagram quiz. Osteon (haversian system) Haversian (central) canal Volkman’s (perforating) canal Lamellae Lacunae Canaliculi For the quiz, give a description of each term also. #10 TRACE THE ROUTE TAKEN BY NUTRIENTS THROUGH A BONE 2. Haversian Canal 4. Canaliculi 5. Osteocyte 1.Periosteum 3. Perforating Canal MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF BONE: COMPACT BONE # 11 Canaliculi (a) a bb Central canal (b) Concentrac lamellae (c) Matrix (d) c e d Lacunae (e) Figure 6.6c # 1 T H E SKU L L IS O N E O F T H E M AJ O R C O M PO NEN T S O F T H E AXIAL SKE L E TO N . N A M E T H E O T H E R T W O . Rib Cage Vertebral Column #2 What do each of these component areas protect? Skull – Brain Rib Cage – Heart, Lungs Vertebral Column – Spinal Cord THE SKULL The skull, the body’s most complex bony structure, is formed by the cranium and facial bones Cranium – protects the brain and is the site of attachment for head and neck muscles Facial bones Supply the framework of the face, the sense organs, and the teeth Provide openings for the passage of air and food Anchor the facial muscles of expression #2 Define Suture Fibrous joints between skull bones #3 Name the exception Where the mandible meets the temporal Figure 7.3a # 4 WHAT ARE THE FOUR MAJOR SUTURES OF THE SKULL, AND WHAT BONES DO THEY CONNECT? The coronal suture joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones. The sagittal suture joins the two parietal bones to each other. The lambdoid suture joins the parietal bones to the occipital bone. The squamous suture joins the parietal bones to the temporal bones. coronal suture Squamous suture saggital suture lambdoid suture # 5 NAME THE EIGHTS BONES OF THE CRANIUM Parietal (2) Frontal (1) Spheniod (2) Temporal (2) Occipital (1) #6 GIVE TWO FUNCTIONS OF THE SINUSES Lighten the skull and resonance chambers for speech # 1 0 ID EN T IF Y T H E F O L L OWIN G BO N ES AN D BO N E M AR KIN G S 16 15 14 1 1. 2. 2 3. 4. 13 5. 6. 12 11 10 9 3 8 7 8. 4 9. 10. 11. 5 12. 13. 14. 6 15. 16. Saggital Suture Nasal bone Medial Nasal Concha Inferior Nasal Concha Vomer Mandible Maxilla Zygomatic Lacrimal Ethmoid Temporal Sphenoid Parietal Frontal Coronal Suture MUST DO THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 33 Bones, 24 which are movable, that are separated into 5 major areas The individual bones are lettered and numbered for their specific areas Cervical; (Neck) C-1 to C-7 Thoracic; (Vertebrae attached to ribs) T- to T12 Lumbar; (Lower Back) L- to L5 Sacrum; 5 fused bones that attached to Pelvis Coccyx; 4 bones of the human ‘tail’. ATLAS AND AXIS #16 CORRECTLY IDENTIFY THIS VERTEBRAE a. Body b. Lamina f c. Pedicle d g b d. Spinous Process e. Superior Articular Process f. Transverse Process e h g. Vertebral Arch c h. Intervetebral foramina a 1 7 . C O R R E C T LY I D E N T I F Y E A C H D E S C R I B E D S T R U C T U R E cervical atlas thoracic sacrum lumbar 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. coccyx axis lumbar thoracic sacrum 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Veretbral types with forked spinous process Pivots on C2; lacks a body Bear facets for articulation with ribs Forms a joint with the hip bone Vertebra with a blocklike body and short stout spinous process “Tail bone” Articulates with occipital condyles Five components; unfused Twelve components; unfused Five components; fused 18 . I D E N T I F Y T H E V E RT E B R A E T Y P E S B E L O W A N D T H E FOLLOWING STRUCTURES; TRANSVERSE PROCESS, SPINOUS P R O C E S S , B O D Y, S U P E R I O R A RT I C U L A R P R O C E S S , superior articular process Thoracic 1 8 . ID EN T IF Y T H E VERT EBR AE T YPES BEL O W AN D T H E F O L L OWING ST R U C T U R ES Vertebral Foramen Cervical a b 21. IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING STRUCTURES A. ATLAS B. AXIS C. A DISC D. TWO THORACIC VERTEBRAE E. TWO LUMBAR VERTEBRAE F. SACRUM d c e f The Bony Thorax #22 The major bony components of the thorax are The ribs and the sternum #23 What is the general shape of the Thoracic Cage? An inverted cone shape #24 Identify the regions and landmarks of the bony thorax b e a g c d f a. Body b. Costal cartilage c. False ribs d. Floating ribs e. Manubrium f. Sterunm g. Xiphoid Process