House finch
-house finches are omnivores
-each finch breeds two to four times a summer
-the population was descended from caged birds
-competes with the house sparrow for nesting sites
-Lays four to five eggs at a time
-Males are redish in color while the females are a dull brown
Common carp
-one of the most adaptable fish in the country
-first ever foodfish
-will eat anything it comes across
-they are bigger then most native freshwater species
-has been known to survive in every freshwater habitat
-can tolerate low oxygen levels by gulping air
House sparrow
-descendants from few birds released in central park
-compete with native species with food and nesting sites
-they are native to Eurasia and northern Africa
-they have two to three broods per season
-they are located in cities towns and agricultural areas
-builds globular nests in trees
European starling
-black in coloration in the winter but turns brown in the summer
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Hemlock Woolly
The Hemlock Woolly is a small aphid-like insect from Japan
Hemlock Woollies attack eastern hemlocks
Injures hemlocks by sucking sap and injecting a toxic saliva causing
the needles to turn a grayish-green color and drop from the tree usually
within a few months and causing the tree to die in a few years
The Hemlock Woolly was first discovered in Pennsylvania in 1967
They display several different forms during their life history, including
winged and wingless forms
insecticides is currently recommended for controlling the hemlock
woolly
Asian Longhorn Beetle
Attacks maple species, including Norway, red, sugar, silver,
box elder, and sycamore maple as well Horse chestnut trees
The beetle is believed to have arrived in North America in the
wooden packing material used in cargo shipments from China
Asian Longhorn Beetle larvae eat the insides of trees,
weakening them and eventually killing them
Female Asian Longhorn Beetles lays about 35 eggs
Asian Longhorn Beetle live only for 42 days
Trees infested with the beetle must be burnt down
Japanese Beetle
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Japanese beetles feed on about 300 species of plants, including poison ivy
Japanese beetles usually feed in groups, causing severe damage to a plant
These beetles feed from the top of the plant down
Male beetles tend to be slightly smaller than the females
Females lay about 40 to 60 eggs
The Japanese beetle’s life cycle takes a year
Japanese Cedar Longhorn Beetle
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Japanese Cedar Longhorn Beetle is a wood-boring beetle
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It was once thought to attack only dying trees, until recently when it was found
attacking healthy trees in Milford, Connecticut
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Females lay their eggs in tree bark crevices
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Japanese Cedar Longhorn Beetles leave a small oval exit holes
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These beetles are often found at the base of the crotch where two branches join
Mexican Beetle bean
•The yellow, soft-bodied larvae
are up to 7/16 inch in length and covered by branched
spines.
•Both adults and larvae feed by stripping away
the surface tissue primarily on the undersides of leaves.
•Adults and larvae feed on pods and on underside of leaves; pods and leaves are
skeleton zed. This is there damage.
•Mexican bean beetles over winter as adults on trees, shrubs, or in plant debris
•Each female will lay an average of 460 eggs.
• The time span from egg to adult beetle is about one month and multiple
generations occur annually
Gypsy Moth
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Gypsy moths are exotic, defoliating insects whose feeding can contribute to
significant tree mortality.
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In the spring, numerous tiny caterpillars hatch from the eggs. By midsummer they
are fully grown, about six to seven centimeters long, dark and quite hairy.
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The female moth is flightless and depends on the male
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The Gypsy moth has a wide host range which includes native shade trees,
as well as Garry oak
and valuable ornamentals trees
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Gypsy moth larvae (caterpillars) are voracious defoliators. The larvae
can feed on over 500 species of trees, shrubs and vines.
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The gypsy moth is found mainly in the temperate regions of the world
Asiatic Bittersweet
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The branches are round, hairless, light to
dark brown, and have noticeable lenticels
(surface “bumps” )
Flowers are small, greenish-yellow, and grow
in clusters from the joints between the
leaves and the stems.
The fruits are pea-sized capsules, which
change in color from green to bright yellow
as they mature
Asiatic bittersweet poses a serious threat
to other species and to whole habitats due
to its aggressive habit of twining around
and growing over other vegetation. This
plant has a high reproductive rate, longrange dispersal mechanisms, and the ability
to root-sucker
It grows over other vegetation, completely
covering it, and kills other plants by
preventing photosynthesis
Oriental bittersweet infests forest edges,
woodlands
Water Hyacinth
When not controlled, water hyacinth will cover lakes and ponds
entirely.
It dramatically impacts water flow, blocks sunlight from reaching
native aquatic plants, and starves the water of oxygen
The plant is also a home for mosquito's and vectors of diseases
and a species of snail which have snail fever.
Water Hyacinths have been widely introduced throughout North
America, Asia, Australia, and Africa.
One of the fastest growing plants known, water hyacinth
reproduces primarily by way of runners or stolons, eventually
forming daughter plants
The common water hyacinth is a vigorous grower known to
double its population in two weeks.
Black Locust
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The black locust's natural range extends from
Pennsylvania southwestward to Alabama and
westward to southern Illinois
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The tree often suffers extensive damage from the
locust borer insect
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Wood is resistant to rot and used to make railroad
ties and fence posts.
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every part of the tree is considered toxic.
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It can tolerate pollution well.
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Many animals use this tree for cover, and cavities in
Black Locust are good homes for bird and other
animals, especially woodpeckers.
Purple Loosestrife
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The plants grow vigorously and spread very fast when
removed from their natural controlling agents.
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The sale of purple loosestrife is illegal in many areas. Its
detrimental effects are simply too costly to risk.
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A single plant may produce up to three million tiny seeds
annually.
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Four species of beetle use purple loosestrife as their
natural food source and they can do significant damage to
the plant.
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The seeds probably first arrived in the plant's non-native
areas in muddy ballast water emptied from ships
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The flowers are quite showy and bright, and monotypic
fields of purple loosestrife are deceptively attractive.
Norway Maple
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The wood of the Norway Maple is used for furniture, flooring and
musical instruments.
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Norway Maple itself is threatened in a few areas by the Asian
long-horned beetle, which eats through the trunk of trees, often
killing them.
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Norway maple is a wide ranging species in Europe and Western
Asia that has been planted in many parts of North America.
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Norway maple and its cultural varieties are widely over planted,
which is a serious problem in itself.
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Roots may damage paving and sewer lines. Young trees
frequently suffer sun-scald injury and frost cracking.
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Norway maple transplants readily, tolerates a wide range of soils,
pH, heat, drought and pollutants. It's famous for being urban
tough.
Goldfish
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Goldfish are quite intelligent and will
recognize the person who feeds them.
They will show they know you by
swimming rapidly back and forth when
you are neat the tank or splashing.
This fish is edible, but not eaten by
most people.
People place these goldfish in ponds to
prevent mosquito population, especially
with the West Nile virus.
These fish originally came from China
and then came to the United States in
the 18th and 19th centuries.
There are sixteen types of goldfish in
the world.
Goldfish eat uncontrollably, that’s why
you have to maintain their diet for them.
If they eat too much their intestines will
get overfilled with food and tear open.
Sea Lamprey
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A Sea Lamprey is a jawless, primitive, eel –
like fish.
Sea Lampreys are parasitic. This means they
attach, live and feed off of other fish in order
to survive. It lives off of fish by attaching the
live fish to its vacuum like mouth and uses its
sharp row of teeth and rasping tongue to live
off of the fish. Even when the sea lamprey is
knocked off or leaves its host fish, the fish
often dies from the damaging wound left
behind.
The Sea Lamprey lives primarily in the Great
Lakes.
They live on average 18 to 20 mths.
They grow up to 24 inches.
They can kill 40 or more pounds of fish
causing a major decrease in lake trout and
chub in the Great Lakes.
Zebra Mussel
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The Zebra Mussel gets its name from its
shell, which is about an inch in length.
Their shells have noticeable dark bands
and a some what triangular shape.
They can live four to five years. They
begin as very tiny larvae that are barely
visible. By two years of age, they are
about an inch long and can begin to
reproduce.
A single female mussel can reproduce
one million babies.
They also hurt native mussels. They
stick to mussels’ backs and stay there
for a long time. This restricts the
mussels’ movement and ability to do
things like eat and escape from
predators.
These mussels will encrust things such
as the crayfish and leave this crustacean
struggling for its life.
Zebra mussels are edible, but are only
eaten out of clean water. They are fairly
small and would require a lot for edible
purposes.
Rainbow Trout
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The average length of a rainbow trout is
about 12 to 18 in.
They prefer cool clear water with gravel
or rocky bottoms, deep pools, and
natural cover.
Their ideal temperatures is between 55
and 60 F.
They can live up to 12 yrs.
The female can deposit at least 800 to
1000 eggs per redd.
They weigh up to 42 lbs.
Tree Of Heaven
• Native Range in China
• Also known as ailanthus,
Chinese sumac, and stinking
shumac.
• Mature trees can reach 80 feet
or more in height.
• Its large compound leaves, 1-4
feet in length, are composed of
11-25 smaller leaflets and
alternate along the stems.
• Grows rapidly, and can overrun
native vegetation
• produces toxins that prevent
the establishment of other
plant species
Autumn Olive
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Can grow up to 20 feet.
Is a threat to open and semi open
areas.
Located in New England, Invades
natural areas.
The nitrogen-fixing capabilities of
these species can interfere with the
nitrogen cycle of native communities
that may depend on infertile soils
Produces fruit that is consumed by
birds.
Autumn olive re sprouts vigorously
after fire or cutting. Over time, colonies
of these shrubs can grow thick enough
to crowd out native plants.
Mute Swan
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can be found in freshwater ponds,
slow rivers, coastal bays, and
inland lakes.
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Their wingspan is 7-8 feet.
Over 95% of the diet is aquatic
vegetation. Occasionally, mute
swans will also feed on insects
and other invertebrates.
Weighs on average 25 Pounds.
The mute swan is a large, allwhite swan recognized by its
orange bill which is black at its
base. There is also a prominent
black knob at the base of its bill.
Most mute swans breed at age
three and remain with the same
mate for life.
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Multiflora Rose
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Native to Japan, Korea and eastern
China
Thorny shrub with arching sterns, and
leaves divide into five to eleven
sharply toothed leaflets.
Invades open woodlands, forest edges
and fields.
Spreads by producing fruits that are
filled with seeds. Then birds eat the
seeds, the seeds go through their
digestive system.
Mechanical and Chemical methods are
the most current ways of maintaining
the plant.
Small red fruits grow in the summer
and remain until the winter.
Tree Of Heaven
• Native Range in China
• Also known as ailanthus,
Chinese sumac, and stinking
shumac.
• Mature trees can reach 80 feet
or more in height.
• Its large compound leaves, 1-4
feet in length, are composed of
11-25 smaller leaflets and
alternate along the stems.
• Grows rapidly, and can overrun
native vegetation
• produces toxins that prevent
the establishment of other
plant species
Green Crab
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Adults are about 3” in length, but can
grow to 4” in length.
Are a small shore crab.
feeds voraciously on shellfish.
The European green crab is native to
the Atlantic coast of Europe and
northern Africa, from Norway and the
British Isles south to Mauritania.
Mating takes place after the females
molt from April to November, but
mainly from June to October.