Invertebrate Madness
Name ___________________________
Chapter 31
1.
Animals are multicellular _________ without cell walls.
2.
Eumetazoa can be subdivided into two principal branches based on _____.
3.
The animal group, Radiata, are ______, having two embryonic layers.
4.
The _________ of deuterostomes develop quite differently than those of protostomes.
5.
In the animal subkingdom, ______, the animals lack symmetry and possess neither tissues nor organs.
6.
_____ is a process in which a definite head and brain evolves.
7.
_____ is the embryonic layer found only in bilaterally symmetrical eumetazoans.
8.
_____ have a body cavity located between the mesoderm and endoderm.
9.
In a _____ circulatory system, circulation of blood is more controlled—the blood is moved faster and more efficiently than in
other types of circulatory systems.
10.
Myzostomids have been found to be associated with _____ since the Ordovician.
11.
Current molecular analysis shows that protostomes should be grouped into ____ clades.
12.
Nearly all major animal body plans can be seen in _____ aged rocks.
13.
“Evo-Devo” is a synthesis of evolutionary and developmental biology, studying the expression of _____ genes in developing
animal embryos.
The evolution of a coelom allows for
16. Of the following combination of statements about
A. bilateral symmetry to develop
protostomes and deuterostomes, which choice is
B. cephalization to occur
correct?
C. the development of a larger and longer digestive
A. Protostomes are animals in which the mouth develops
tract
from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of
D. the expansion of gonads
protostomes develops from the second opening.
E.
c and d
Deuterostomes are animals in which the anus develops
Which of the following features in embryonic
from the blastopore and the mouth develops
development of deuterostomes does not represent a
secondarily later in their development.
revolutionary difference from protostomes?
B.
Protostomes are animals in which the anus develops
A. pattern of blastopore formation
from the blastopore. The mouth of protostomes develops
B. radial cleavage pattern for cell division
from the second opening. Deuterostomes are animals in
C. spiral cleavage pattern for cell division
which the anus develops from the blastopore and the mouth
D. the first cleavage divisions of the fertilized embryo
develops secondarily later in their development.
produce identical daughter cells, and any single
C.
Protostomes are animals in which the mouth
cell, if separated can develop into a complete
develops from the blastopore. The anus or anal pore of
organism
protostomes develops from the second opening.
E.
the coelom is normally produced by an
Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth develops
invagination of the archenteron
from the blastopore and the anus develops secondarily later
in their development.
D.
Protostomes are animals in which the mouth or anus
develops from the blastopore, depending on the species.
Deuterostomes are animals in which the mouth and anus
develops from the blastopore, depending on the species.
14.
15.
17.
Select the incorrect statement about deuterostomes
from the following choices.
A. Deuterostomes demonstrate radial cleavage in their
embryonic development.
B. Deuterostomes display indeterminate
development.
C. A deuterostome's coelom is produced by
evagination of the archenteron.
D. Examples of deuterostomes are echinoderms and
chordates.
E.
From rRNA studies, it appears that deuterostomes
gave rise to protostomes.
18.
19.
Protostomes develop through
A. spiral cleavage
B. radial cleavage
C. axial cleavage
D. polar cleavage
E.
protocleavage
In animals which display indeterminate development
A. embryonic cells have a predetermined fate
B. bilateral symmetry cannot develop
C. early embryonic cells, if separated from the
embryo, can develop into complete organisms
D. embryonic cells show spiral cleavage
E.
the blastopore develops into the mouth
Chapter 32
1.
In most Cnidarians, fertilized eggs give rise to free-swimming, multicellular, ciliated larvae, known as ________.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
An animal discovered by scientists is clearly multicellular showing what appears to be radial symmetry but does not have cells
organized into tissues. This animal is placed in the group _____.
New rRNA phylogenies differ most from the traditional phylogenies in the _____ branch of the family tree.
A major evolutionary innovation found in ________ is the internal extracellular digestion of food.
Cnidarians characteristically possess specialized cells called cnidocytes, which contain a __________, a harpoon used to attack
prey.
Many _________ which live in shallow waters harbor symbiotic algae.
Most flatworms are _____________, meaning each individual containing both male and female sexual structures.
The most primitive bilaterally symmetrical and the simplest acoelomatic animals in which organs occur are the _________.
A protostome coelomate organism which increases in size by molting the external skeleton is placed in the _____ clade
according to rRNA sequences.
The most prominent phylum of acoelomates, _____________, includes the free-living flatworms and the parasitic flukes and
tapeworms.
_____ are small, free-living pseudocoelomates, often smaller than some ciliate protists.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the
14. Sponges are unique in possessing special flagellated
Lophotrochozoans clade which is based on rRNA
cells whose beating drives water through the body
sequences?
cavity. These specialized cells are known as
A. protostomes
A. cnidocytes
B. growth by adding mass to existing body
B. planulae
C. appearance of free-living trocophore larvae in
C. nematocysts
many of the organisms’ life cycles
D. chaonocytes
D. mainly aquatic
E.
spicules
E.
pseudocoelomate
15. Radially symmetrical marine animals that propel
Two phyla which belong to the Ecdysozoan clade are
themselves through the water by means of eight combA. Platyhelminthes and Nematoda
like plates of fused cilia belong to the Phylum
B. Nematoda and Arthropoda
A. Cnidaria
C. Annelida and Mollusca
B. Ctenophora
D. Mollusca and Arthropoda
C. Platyhelminthes
E.
Platyhelminthes and Arthropoda
D. Eumetazoan
E.
Parazoa
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
Most species of tapeworms live in the
A. stomachs of vertebrates
B. lungs of vertebrates
C. livers of vertebrates
D. intestines of vertebrates
E.
hearts of vertebrates
Which of the following is not one of the key transitions
in body design that are responsible for most of the
differences among the major animal phyla?
A. nonmoving to moving bodies
B. radial to bilateral symmetry
C. no body cavity to body cavity
D. unsegmented to segmented bodies
E.
protostome to deuterostome development
Sponges exhibit all of the following general
characteristics except
A. eat by flow of water through canals and pores
B. free-swimming larvae; sessile adults
C. lack of specialized tissues and organs
D. lack of symmetry (may be radial in small species)
E.
three cell layers—ectoderm, endoderm, and
mesoderm
The vase-like body of a simple sponge is likely to contain
all of the following materials or layers except
A. a digestive cavity lined with enzyme-secreting cells
B. mesophyl, a protein-rich matrix
C. a somewhat contractile outer epithelium
D. specialized collar cells or choanocytes
E.
spicules or a spongin skeleton, or both
All of the following are true about Cnidarians except
A. they are widespread and abundant especially in
shallow, warm-temperature or
subtropical
waters
B. they are basically gelatinous in composition
C. their bodies are made up of distinct organs
D. they exist either as polyps or medusae
E.
they contain specialized cells called “cnidocytes”
within which nematocysts are found
Which of the following belongs to the phylum
Ctenophorans?
A. hydra
B. jellyfish
C. anemones
D. comb jellies
E.
corals
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Anthozoan corals are characterized by all of the
following except
A. some may have hard calcium carbonate
exoskeletons
B. the coral animals are always found in nutrient-rich
waters
C. some participate in the formation of shallowwater limestone ridges
D. many harbor symbiotic algae
E.
they are a class of Cnidarians
Phylum Platyhelminthes is characterized by all of the
following except
A. bilateral symmetry
B. solid bodies with an inner digestive cavity
C. flat ribbon-shaped bodies with dorso-ventral parts
and anterior head
D. all are free-living
E.
possess an excretory system
Flatworms are similar to sponges, Cnidarians, and
Ctenophores in which of the following?
A. contain an excretory system lined with a network
of fine tubules running through the body
B. contain an incomplete gut with only one opening
C. cilia line the hollow centers of bulb-like flame cells
D. lack circulatory systems for transport of oxygen
and food
E.
most are hermaphroditic
Flukes are parasitic worms whose hosts during the larval
stage are usually
A. aquatic insects
B. cyprinid fishes
C. humans
D. other free-living flatworms
E.
snails
The stage in the fluke's life history in which it escapes
from the snail and is ready to enter the intermediate or
final host is the
A. cercariae
B. fertilized eggs
C. miracidia
D. rediae
E.
sporocytes
Schistosomiasis is a serious disorder afflicting humans
mainly in tropical regions; it is caused by a
A. carp or goldfish
B. fluke
C. nematode
D. snail
E.
tapeworm
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
The long, flat bodies of tapeworms are made up of
repeating segments known as
A. antheridia
B. gut blocks
C. proglottids
D. scolex
E.
miracidia
Which of the following is not true about beef
tapeworms?
A. occur as a juvenile in the intermuscular tissue of
cattle
B. found as an adult in the intestines of human
beings
C. able to produce embryos, which may be viable for
up to five months
D. able to reach adult length of up to 10 meters
E.
more than 10% of the cattle are infected in the
United States
Which of the following is not true about
pseudocoelomates?
A. they possess an internal body cavity called a
pseudocoel
B. they contain a bony skeleton
C. they possess a complete, one-way digestive tract
D. the pseudocoel permits resistance to muscle
contraction
E.
they lack a defined circulatory system
In 1995, organisms belonging to the species Symbion
pandora were discovered and assigned to the phylum
A. Rotifera
B. Nematoda
C. Cycliphora
D. Platyhelminthes
E.
Cnidaria
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Rotifers?
A. bilaterally symmetrical
B. corona is food gathering organ
C. live on mouth parts of lobsters
D. complete gut with mouth and anus
E.
most occur in fresh water
Trichinella nematodes reach muscle tissue, forming
resistant cysts, after
A. entering the circulatory system following
penetration of the skin of the foot
B. entering the circulatory system following
penetration of the intestinal wall
C. entering the lymph channels following penetration
of the intestine
D. entering the lymph channel following penetration
of lung tissue
E.
none of the above
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Rotifers are characterized by
A. parthenogenesis
B. radial symmetry
C. their lack of internal cavity
D. their lack of flame cells
E.
their lack of synchronous beating cilia
Which of the following does not describe Nematoda?
A. molt their flexible thick cuticle to grow
B. capable of complex movement due to circular and
longitudinal muscles
C. use muscular pharynx to draw food into digestive
tract
D. parasitic forms often have piercing organs called
stylets in the mouth
E.
abundant and diverse group, both freshwater and
marine, free-living and parasitic
The human disease, trichnosis, is contracted through
A. walking barefoot in soil containing larvae
B. eating fertilized eggs
C. eating undercooked or raw pork
D. eating raw beef
E.
none of the above
Which of the following nematode parasites lives in the
lymphatic system of humans where they may cause
obstruction resulting in severe swelling called
elephantiasis.
A. Ascaris
B. Trichinella
C. Necator
D. Filaria
E.
Enterobius
Which of the following nematode parasites infects
about 30% of American children and are easily
controlled by drugs.
A. Ascaris
B. Trichinella
C. Necator
D. Filaria
E.
Enterobius
An invertebrate biologist explains to your class that she
studies the choanocytes of sponges. You know that
choanocytes are
A. specialized cells near the osculum of the sponge
B. specialized cells that contain spongin and thus
contribute to the sponge’s rigid structure
C. specialized cells that eventually form spicules
D. specialized cells that have flagella and function to
gather food particles
E.
specialized cells from which larval sponges
develop
40.
41.
43.
All of the following statements about Cnidaria are
correct with the exception of
A. Cnidarians can have two body forms, polyp and
medusa.
B. Cnidarians are triploblastic, having ectoderm,
mesoderm, and endoderm.
C. Cnidarians have radical symmetry.
D. Cnidarians do not have circulatory, respiratory, or
excretory systems.
E.
Cnidarians have specialized cells called cnidocytes
with nematocysts inside.
Clonorchis sinensis, the human liver fluke, has an
extremely complex life cycle. Which of the following
sequences concerning its life cycle is correct?
A.
B.
t
C.
D.
E.
42.
Which of the following are not correctly matched?
A. spicules—sponges
B. nematocyst—cnidaria
C. flame cells—flatworms
D. stylets—roundworms
E.
scolex—rotifers
Match each of the following.
_____A.
_____B.
_____C.
_____D.
_____E.
Comb jellies; propel themselves by means of eight comblike plates of fused cilia
Sponges; lack tissue organization
Radially symmetrical polyps and medusae
Bilaterally symmetrical acoelomates
Pseudocoelomate worms with a gut tube open at both
ends
1.
Cnidaria
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Porifera
Ctenophora
Chapter 33
1.
A _________ is a circular or U-shaped ridge around the mouth, bearing either one or two rows of ciliated, hollow tentacles.
2.
Brachiopods develop as protostomes, but they show ______ cleavage.
3.
The largest eyes (40 centimeters long) reported of any animal belong to a ____.
4.
In their basic body plan, molluscs have a visceral mass covered with a soft epithelium and a muscular ____ that is used in
locomotion.
5.
Nitrogen-rich wastes are removed from the mollusk by one or two tubular structures called ________.
6.
The molluscan class ________ includes the snails and slugs.
7.
Clams, scallops, mussels, and oysters are included in the class, _______ and contain two lateral shells hinged together dorsally
and a wedge-shaped foot.
8.
Members of the class ________, octopuses, squids, and nautilus, are the most intelligent of the invertebrates.
9.
Annelids are characterized by serial _________.
10.
Earthworms and parasitic leeches are thought to be descendents of segmented _________ of the sea.
11.
The evolution of jointed appendages has made __________ very successful.
12.
The largest class of arthropods, ______, are by far the most successful of all animals.
13.
In many arthropods, body segments have become fused into functional groups called ______.
14.
All arthropods have a distinct head, sometimes fused into a single unit with the thorax to form a tagma called __________.
15.
Arthropods have a rigid exoskeleton, made of ______.
16.
The group of arthropods that lack mandibles or jaws is called _________.
17.
The circulatory system of an arthropod is ____; the blood flows through cavities among the organs and not through vessels.
18.
Arachnids are generally carnivorous, _____ being the main exception.
19.
The millipedes and centipedes both have bodies that consist of a head region followed by numerous segments that mostly
bear paired ___________.
20.
In addition to sound, nearly all insects communicate by means of chemicals or mixtures of chemicals known as ________.
21.
Echinoderms are ______ symmetrical animals with a five-part body plan.
22.
Sand dollars and sea urchins lack distinct ____, but have the same five-part body plan as all other echinoderms.
23.
The term echinoderm means “spiny skin” and refers to an endoskeleton composed of hard__________-__________ plates
just beneath the delicate skin.
28. The functions of the lophophore include all of the
The phylum that includes snails, clams, oysters, and
following except
octopuses is the
A. as a surface for gas exchange
A. Ectoprocta
B. as a food-collecting organ
B. Brachiopoda
C. as a means of attachment to the substrate
C. Mollusca
D. as a rasping tongue
D. Annelida
E. as a location for the tentacles and the anus
E. Phoronida
29. The three phyla, Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda, and
In molluscs, the folds of tissue that arise from the
Phoronida, have which feature in common?
dorsal body wall and enclose a cavity surrounding the
A. nephridia
visceral mass are called the
B. a lophophore
A. foot
C. a radula
B. mantle
D. setae
C. nephridia
E. a muscular foot
D. radula
30. Phoronids differ from tube worms in
E. lophophore
A. secreting a chitinous tube
Many marine molluscs have distinctive larvae which
B. extending their tentacles to feed
have their bodies encircled by a row of cilia. These
C. quickly withdrawing the tentacles when disturbed
larvae are called
D. having a body plan of a straight tube within a tube
A. planulae
E. seen on docks
B. polyps
31. Ectoprocts are characterized by
C. miracidia
A. their secretion of a tiny chitinous chamber, the
D. zoecia
zoecium
E. trochophores
B. their chemical communication between
The organ that is responsible for secreting cocoons in
individuals through pores between chambers
the oligochaetes is known as the
C. their habitats in fresh and marine water
A. nephridia
D. other names are Bryozoa or moss animals
B. setae
E. all of the above
C. radula
32. The molluscs include all of the following except
D. clitellum
A. clams
E. lophophore
B. oysters
C. shrimps
D. snails
E. squids
24.
25.
26.
27.
33.
Examples of molluscs that live on land are the
A. earthworms
B. land crabs
C. mussels
D. scorpions
E. snails and slugs
34. Molluscs have all of the following except
A. visceral mass covered with a soft epithelium
B. folds enclosing a cavity between themselves and
the visceral mass
C. gills or lungs within the mantle
D. individuals secrete a tiny chitinous chamber,
zoecium
E. the shell consists of a horny outer layer, which is
rich in protein
35. Squids and octopuses move by means of water
movement through their
A. tentacles
B. cilia and flagella
C. modified mantle cavity
D. muscular foot
E. radula
36. The rasping tongue, the radula, is absent in which
mollusc?
A. bivalve
B. oyster
C. clam
D. snail
E. a, b, and c
37. The nitrogenous waste in molluscs is removed by
A. flame cells
B. nephridia
C. the radula
D. the muscular foot
E. trochophores
38. Among molluscs, which of the following are able to
remarkably change their sex in one single season?
A. sea slugs and oysters
B. squids and octopuses
C. bivalves
D. snails
E. clams
39. Trochophores, the free-swimming larvae of many
molluscs, are propelled through the water by
A. flagella
B. cilia
C. flame cells
D. nephridia
E. the radula
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
A contemporary mollusk in which many of the
ancestral characteristics remain is a(n)
A. squid
B. oyster
C. chiton
D. octopus
E. snail
Gastropods are characterized by
A. a pair of tentacles with eyes
B. the mouth opening may be simple or modified to a
proboscis
C. horny jaws within the mouth cavity in some
D. a radula within the mouth cavity in some
E. all of the above
Radula modification allowed all of the following
functions in gastropods except
A. scraping algae off rocks
B. eating vegetation
C. boring holes in other mollusk shells
D. protecting themselves with nematocysts
E. injecting poison through a harpoon-like structure
Which of the following are not found in a bivalve?
A. tentacle, radula, and distinctive head
B. large wedge-shaped foot
C. mantle enveloping the internal organs
D. two large adductor muscles
E. complex gills
The most intelligent of the molluscs, the squids,
octopuses, and the nautilus, also contain
A. a muscular foot
B. tentacles
C. two siphons
D. setae
E. jointed appendages
Which of the following organs of cephalopods
resemble those of the vertebrates?
A. arms
B. nephridia
C. eyes
D. digestive tissues
E. foot
The partitions that separate the segments of the
annelid body are known as
A. pseudocoels
B. nephridia
C. setae
D. septa
E. radula
47.
Annelids possess all of the following except
A. muscles to swim, crawl, and burrow
B. ganglia to respond to light and respond to other
environmental cues
C. circulatory, excretory, and neural elements in each
segment
D. setae in each segment
E. adductor muscles
48. Each segment of an annelid typically contains bristles
of chitin called
A. cilia
B. flagella
C. chaetae
D. leglets
E. setae
49. A distinctive feature of polychaete worms, the
parapodia, are used for all of the following except
A. swimming and burrowing
B. gas exchange, by increasing the surface area
C. anchoring through the hooks
D. serving as gonads
E. slow crawling
50. The sexual reproduction of earthworms
characteristically is
A. hermaphroditic but cross-fertilizing
B. hermaphroditic but self-fertilizing
C. normal type between individuals who remain as
males and females throughout their life
time
D. normal appearing, but individuals change sex
periodically
E. normal appearing, but individuals reproduce only
once in their lives
51. Earthworms show all of the following features except
A. contain more than 100 segments with a mouth on
the first and the anus on the last
B. contain touch-sensitive and light-sensitive organs
in the segments
C. contain fewer setae than in polychaetes
D. contain distinct head regions and parapodia
E. being hermaphroditic
52. The medicinal leech, once used to withdraw
“unhealthy” blood from patients, produces
A. antibiotics
B. antibodies
C. anticoagulant
D. blood clots
E. suture material
53.
54.
A biologist has been studying a mollusk that does not
have a shell. It lives in the marine environment. Of the
examples given below, which one did the biologist
study?
A. clam
B. snail
C. garden slug
D. chiton
E. octopus
All of the following are either structures or
characteristics of members of the Class Bivalvia of the
Phylum Mollusca except
A. the mantle
B. a radula
C. a shell
D. gills
E. open circulation
55. The mantle of mollusks serves two functions. Select
the two functions from the following choices.
A. The mantle secretes nacre for the formation of the
radula.
B. The mantle protects the inner shell.
C. The mantle forms a cavity for respiration.
D. The mantle secretes the materials for shell
construction.
E. The mantle aids in reproduction.
56. Select the mismatched pair of Phylum Mollusca classes
and their examples.
A. Polyplacophora — chitons
B. Gastropoda — slugs
C. Bivalvia — snails
D. Cephalopoda — nautilus
E. Gastropoda — nudibranchs
57. You and your biology lab class take a field trip to a
marine aquarium. Your guide is a marine biologist who
studies squids. She explains to your class how squids
are able to blend into their environment. She points
out that squids have pouches of pigments embedded
in their epithelium. The pouches are called
A. trochophores
B. spermatophores
which of the following
C. lophophores
to ensure blood flow?
D. chromatophores
E. phytophores
58.
Reproduction in the earthworm involves
B.
A. asexual budding
B. self-fertilization
C. cross-fertilization between two dioecious
organisms
D. cross-fertilization between two hermaphroditic
organisms
59.
60.
A neighbor knows that you are enrolled in a biology
course and asks you why so many earthworms appear
on her lawn after a heavy rain. Your correct
explanation is
A. Earthworms have difficulty moving in the muddy
burrows with just their setae, so they move
upward to the lawn.
B. Earthworms must have room in their burrows for
their hearts to pump their blood; when the hearts
pump, the earthworm bodies swell and the muddy
burrows present problems with space.
C. Earthworms need oxygen for their cellular
respiration; oxygen diffuses through their skin and
if their burrows are full of water they cannot
diffuse any oxygen.
D. The earthworm muscular system allows it to move
one way in water-logged burrows, so it moves
upward.
Which of the following statements about leeches is
incorrect?
A. Leeches are hermaphroditic.
61.
62.
63. Match each of the following.
_____A.
Worms with segments, each containing their own
circulatory, excretory, and neural elements; three classes,
polychaetes, oligochaetes, and hirudinea.
_____B.
Characterized by a circular or U-shaped ridge around the
mouth; share features of both protostomes and
deuterostomes; three phyla of marine animals.
_____C.
Efficient and often large predators; possess well-developed
brains and are the most intelligent of invertebrates; include
octopus, squids, and nautilus.
_____D.
Usually flattened dorsoventrally and occur mostly in fresh
water; most are predators or scavengers, but some have
developed the habit of sucking blood.
_____E.
Typically possess a hard shell, in which they live; unequal
growth during development produces a twisting of visceral
mass; include snails and slugs.
64.
Which class of arthropods contains members with two
pairs of antennae and legs on their abdomen and
thorax?
A. Insecta
Leeches have a permanent clitellum as do
earthworms.
C. Leeches live in fresh and marine water, with some
living on land.
D. Leeches use cross-fertilization in their
reproduction.
E. Leeches were used in ancient medicine and just
recently have been recruited for use in modern
medicine.
A marine biologist is conducting research on animals
that have a lophophore and two calcified shells.
Without him telling you the name of the phylum, you
know it must belong to the Phylum
A. Mollusca
B. Phoronida
C. Ectoprocta
D. Bryopoda
E. Brachiopoda
A marine biologist visits your biology class and begins
his talk entitled, “Life as a Trochophore.” A friend
seated next to you asks, “What is a trochophore?” You
explain that a trochophore is
A. another name for the veliger stage in earthworm
reproduction
B. a term used to describe a larval form of either the
Phylum Mollusca or Annelida
C. another name for the veliger stage in the oyster
D. similar to a lophophore, but only found in the
Phylum Annelida
E. a parasite in the intestines of a bivalve mollusk
1.
lophophorates
2.
gastropods
3.
cephalopods
4.
annelids
5.
leeches
B.
C.
D.
E.
Arachnida
Crustacea
Chilopoda
Merostomata
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
The evolutionary innovation that first appeared in
arthropods and is characteristic of the most successful
of all animal groups is that of
A. bilateral symmetry
B. coelomic body architecture
C. jointed appendages
D. segmentation
E. three primary types of tissues
The most successful class of arthropods is
A. Insecta
B. Arachnida
C. Crustacea
D. Chilopoda
E. Merostomata
In some arthropods tagmatization has produced a
combination of head and thorax known as a
A. cephalothorax
B. fused corpora
C. headless mite
D. larval instar
E. thoracotomy
The passage of an arthropod through stages from egg
to adult is
A. differentiation
B. evolution
C. graduation
D. metamorphosis
E. succession
Spiders and certain other arthropods which lack jaws
or mandibles are placed in a subphylum called
A. Agnathae
B. Amandibulata
C. blood suckers
D. chelicerates
E. mandibulates
Nauplius, a unique kind of larva, is characteristic of
A. mites
B. crustaceans
C. horseshoe crabs
D. insects
E. chelicerates
In arthropods, locomotion is accomplished by muscles
that work against
A. each other
B. the exoskeleton
C. a hydrostatic skeleton
D. mineralized bones
E. the pseudocoel
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
Arthropods undergo ecdysis, which is characterized by
A. hormonal control
B. growing a new exoskeleton
C. fluid volume increasing till the old exoskeleton
cracks open
D. repeating till adult size is reached
E. all of the above
The rigid chitinous exoskeleton of an arthropod has all
of the following functions except it
A. provides a place for muscle attachment
B. protects the animal from predators
C. impedes water loss
D. maintains a uniform size for all individuals of that
species
E. prevents injury to the animal
Compound eyes are composed of independent visual
units called
A. apposition segments
B. ocelli
C. ommatidia
D. retinas
E. simple eyes
Eyes with single lenses that respond to light and
darkness are found in many arthropods; these are the
A. compound eyes
B. ocelli
C. apposition eyes
D. ommatidia
E. superposition segments
Oxygen diffuses to the tissues of terrestrial arthropods
through the
A. arteries
B. cells of the cortex
C. circulatory system
D. lungs
E. trachea and tracheoles
Air passage into the trachea of most insects is
controlled by the closing and opening of valves, which
operate special openings called
A. spiracles
B. ocelli
C. ommatidia
D. book lungs
E. Malpighian tubules
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
The excretory structures of terrestrial arthropods are
slender projections from the digestive tract that are
attached at the junction of the midgut and hindgut.
These are called
A. flame cells
B. kidneys and bladders
C. Malpighian tubules
D. nephridia
E. ocelli
Chelicerae function as
A. eyes
B. fangs or pincers
C. jaws or mandibles
D. teeth
E. wings
The class Arachnida includes all of the following except
A. dragon flies
B. mites
C. scorpions
D. spiders
E. ticks
Spiders are characterized by all of the following except
A. particularly important as predators of insects and
other small animals
B. many use silk webs to catch their prey
C. many display elaborate courtship behavior
D. all forms are harmless to humans
E. live in diverse habitats on land and some even in
water
Which of the following is not true about crustaceans?
A. they produce larvae known as nauplius
B. they have legs on their abdomen and thorax
C. they have two pairs of antennae
D. many have compound eyes
E. they have covers called the opercula, posterior to
the legs
Decapod crustaceans, shrimps, lobsters, and crabs are
characterized by
A. carapace, a dorsal cephalothorax shield
B. ventral line of appendages, swimmerets
C. flattened uropods form a paddle at the end of the
abdomen
D. a tail spine, telson
E. all of the above
Insects are characterized by all of the following except
A. Malpighian tubules and trachea
B. a nymph developmental stage
C. three body sections—head, thorax, and abdomen
D. three pairs of legs attached to the thorax, and one
pair of antennae
E. one or two pairs of wings
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
Insect sensing of the environment is through
A. sensory hairs to detect touch
B. tympanal organs to detect sound
C. chemoreceptors to detect pheromones
D. organs of smell in the antennae
E. all of the above
The Phylum Arthropoda is the most diverse of all the
animal phyla. However, members of this phylum do
not grow to excessive sizes because
A. their jointed appendages would not support them
B. their exoskeleton would have to be extremely
thick for the muscles to function
C. the chitin in their exoskeleton would have to be
restructured
D. their jointed appendages would need additional
muscle for movement
An entomologist has been conducting research on the
Malpighian tubules of hornets. He is interested in their
function. Which of the following statements about
Malpighian tubules is not correct?
A. Malpighian tubules empty waste into the hindgut.
B. Malpighian tubules are slender projections from
the digestive system.
C. Malpighian tubules collect and filter body fluids of
some arthropods.
D. Malpighian tubules are a part of the tracheal
system used by some arthropods for
respiration.
In a recent morphological study of arthropod
phylogeny, it was reported that insects are more
closely related to
A. crustaceans
B. millipedes
C. centipedes
D. horseshoe crabs
E. spiders
An invertebrate biologist is conducting research with
crabs. Her interest is ecdysis. This implies that she
studies
A. tagmatization processes in crustaceans
B. how ommatidia function individually in a
compound eye
C. how the HOX gene controls the fusion of the head
and thorax into the cephalothorax
D. how ocelli evolved from mere photoreceptors to
imaging lens
E. the molting process
All of the following are characteristics of spiders except
A. antennae (1 pair)
B. walking legs (4 pair)
C. chelicerae (1 pair)
D. pedipalps (1 pair)
E. cephalothorax and abdomen
A marine biologist makes a presentation about
crustaceans to your biology class. He explains that he
has recently received an NSF grant to study sessile
crustaceans. You are only aware of one group of sessile
crustaceans. This crustacean must be
A. a lobster
B. a crayfish
C. a shrimp
D. a barnacle
E. the nauplius
92. Millipedes and centipedes are sometimes confused.
However, their characteristics are very different.
Which statement is correct about their differences?
A. Millipedes are mostly herbivorous while
centipedes are carnivorous.
B. Centipedes can exude a foul-smelling chemical
from most of their body segments, millipedes
cannot.
94. Match each of the following.
_____A.
Centipedes
_____B.
Barnacles
_____C.
Ticks
_____D.
Termites
_____E.
Mites
95. Sea stars are among the most important
A. predators in the marine ecosystems
B. producers in the marine ecosystems
C. reproducers in the marine ecosystems
D. recyclers in the marine ecosystem
E. protostomes in the marine ecosystem
96. These echinoderms have soft, slug-like bodies with
tough, leathery skin. They are the
A. sea pansies
B. sea lilies
C. sea daisies
D. sea cucumbers
E. sea anemones
97. Most of the familiar animals seen along the seashore
are echinoderms, which include all of the following
except
A. barnacles
B. brittle stars
C. sand dollars
D. sea cucumbers
E. sea urchins
C.
91.
93.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Millipedes have poison fangs, a modification of
appendages on their first trunk segment,
centipedes do not.
D. Centipedes have twice as many legs as millipedes.
If you examine a spider and an ant, you notice quickly
that they are arthropods but they have different
characteristics. Select the incorrect choice of
characteristics.
A. Spiders have a cephalothorax and abdomen;
insects have a head, a thorax, and an abdomen.
B. Spiders and insects have a tracheal respiration
system.
C. Spiders are strictly carnivorous; insects can be
carnivorous or herbivorous depending on the
species.
D. Spiders and insects have open circulatory systems.
E. Spiders do not have wings; many insect do have
wings.
Arachnida
Insecta
Crustacea
Chilopoda
Ectoparasites
98. Which of the following features are unique to
echinoderms?
A. they are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae, but
undergo metamorphosis to radial adults
B. they possess an endoskeleton of dermal plates
beneath the skin
C. the coelom is transformed into a unique watervascular system that uses hydraulic power to
operate many tiny feet
D. they exhibit protostomal growth pattern
E. many have miniature jaw-like pincers on their
body surface, often on stalks and sometimes
bearing poison glands
99. All of the following are true about sea stars except
A. they are the most familiar echinoderms
B. they are the most important predators in many
marine ecosystems
C. they have a pigmented epidermis
D. they are the only echinoderms that are fully sessile
E. they are abundant in the intertidal zone
100. The body plan of echinoderms includes
A. secondary radial symmetry with a five-part body
plan
B. branches arise from the central nerve ring
C. no brain or head present in the adults
D. a and b
E. a, b, and c
101. A sieve-like plate on the echinoderms surface through
which water enters the vascular system and flows to
the ring canal through a tube is called
A. madreporite
B. ampulla
C. nerve ring
D. skin gills
E. endoskeleton
102. In many echinoderms respiration and waste removal
take place by means of finger-like projections that
occur near the spines, which are called
A. medroporite
B. ampulla
C. nerve ring
D. papulae
E. endoskeleton
103. Reproductive modes of echinoderms include all of the
following except
A. break into parts and regenerate new animals from
them
B. break into equal parts which become two whole
animals
C. develop from trochophore larvae
D. external sexual reproduction produces fertilized
eggs
E. fertilized eggs develop into free-swimming,
bilaterally symmetrical larvae
104. The only living echinoderms which are fully sessile are
A. sea lilies
B. sea stars
C. sea urchins
D. brittle stars
E. sand dollars
105. Which of the following are dwellers of deep ocean
floor and shallow waters, where they pull themselves
along two arms at a time, like oars rowing a boat?
A. sea lilies
B. brittle stars
C. sea stars
D. sea urchins
E. sand dollars
106. A marine biologist’s research involves the water
vascular system of a species of sea star. Which of the
following terms would not be used in a description of
the water vascular system?
A. madreporite
B. ring canal
C. ampulla
D. tube foot
E. pedicellariae
107. A friend asks you why sea anemones are not placed in
the Phylum Echinodermata. She says,“ Sea anemones
have radial symmetry, so they must be sea stars.” “Of
course you are correct about the radial symmetry in
both groups of organisms,” you reply. Select the best
choice for the rest of your response. “However,
A. sea anemones are members of the Phylum
Cnidaria and anyway they are protostomes not
deuterostomes.”
B. echinoderms are only radially symmetrical in their
larval forms.”
C. sea anemones are diploblastic while sea stars are
triploblastic.”
D. sea anemones and sea stars are both marine.”
E. sea stars are mobile whereas sea anemones are mostly
sessile.”
108. All of the following are examples of echinoderms
except
A. sea cucumbers
B. brittle stars
C. sand dollars
D. sea squirts
E. sea daisies
109. Which choice is correct for the movement of water
through the water vascular system of a sea star?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
110. All echinoderms share the following characteristics
except
A. bilateral symmetrical larvae
B. radial symmetrical adults
C. regeneration of lost body part
D. pentamerous body plan
E. larvae are sedentary, adults are planktonic
111. Match each of the following.
_____A.
Lack distinct arms but have a five-part body
plan
_____B.
Are active predators that move about on
their tube feet
_____C.
Use their tube feet for feeding and move
about using two arms at a time
_____D.
Have reduced and separated endoskeletons,
making them soft bodied
20. A biologist discovered a new animal. Upon studying
embryonic development, she observed radial cleavage
with the blastopore developing into an anus. This
animal was categorized as a
A. parazoan
B. radiata
C. deuterstome
D. protostome
E.
chordostome
21. In which phylum of marine animals did symmetrical
body plans first evolve?
A. Radiata
B. Ctenophora
C. Cnidaria
D. Echinodermata
E.
both b and c
22. Bilateral symmetry in animals
A. confers anterior and posterior areas to the body
B. allows for greater efficiency in movement
C. creates a body design of two mirror images
D. allows for efficiency in seeking food and mates
E.
all of the above
23. Circulatory systems solved the problem of _____ in
animals with coeloms.
A. the shorter length of digestive tracts
B. the barrier to diffusion created by tissue
surrounding the gut
C. living in a terrestrial habitat
D. complexity of movement
E.
none of the above
24. Solid worms that lack a body cavity are known as
A. acoelomates
B. pseudocoelomates
C. eucoelomates
D. coelomates
25. Which of the following is not true about animals?
A. they constitute millions of species
B. they are the most abundant living things
C. they are some of the first organisms on the earth
D. they are very diverse in nature
E.
they are found in every conceivable habitat
1.
sea cucumbers
2.
brittle stars
3.
sea stars
4.
sea urchins
26.
27.
28.
29.
Animals are distinct among multicellular organisms
because
A. their cells lack rigid cell walls and are flexible
B. they can move more rapidly and in more complex
ways than members in other eukaryotic kingdoms
C. they develop from a zygote in a characteristic
embryonic development
D. they show great diversity in size, form, and
structure
E.
all of the above
Eumetazoans are characterized by all of the following
except
A. definite shape and symmetry
B. tissues organized into organs and organ systems
C. distinct embryonic layers which differentiate into
adult tissues
D. the inclusion of all kinds of sponges
E.
having about 35 phyla
Most animals undergo the following patterns of
embryonic development
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following terms is mismatched with its
meaning or characteristics?
A. diploblastic—ectoderm and mesoderm
B. triploblastic—ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm
C. Parazoa—lacks symmetry; no tissues
D. Eumetazoa—definite symmetry; tissues organized
E.
Vertebrate—animal with backbone
30.
Select the correct choice to answer the following
question. What are the three animal phyla that
dominate animal life on land?
A. Cnidaria, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes
B. Porifera, Arthropoda, Nematoda
C. Nematoda, Chordata, Cnidaria
D. Mollusca, Arthropoda, Chordata
E.
Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Arthropoda
31. As animals evolved from simple to complex, transitions
in body plans occurred. Of the five choices given, which
is not one of those transitions?
A. evolution of bilateral symmetry
B. evolution of protostome and deuterostome
development
C. evolution of segmentation
D. evolution of body cavities
E.
evolution of diploblastic tissues
32. Bilateral symmetrical animals have evolved three body
cavity plans. Each of the following statements is correct
with the exception of one. Select the exception.
A. Acoelomates have no body cavity.
B. Coelomates have a coelom lined with mesodermal
cells.
C. Coelomates have a fluid filled cavity that develops
entirely within the mesoderm.
D. Pseudocoelomates have a body cavity that is
located between the ectoderm and the endoderm.
33.
A zoologist studies an animal that is a deuterostome.
Which of the choices makes the sentence that follows
incorrect? You know that deuterostomes
A. are bilateral symmetrical
B. evolved from protostomes
C. are animals in which the blastopore develops into
the mouth
D. are animals in which any cell can develop into a
complete organism
E.
are coelomates
34. Segmentation is the subdivision of the body into
segments or metameres. True segmentation is found in
which of the following phyla selections?
A. Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda
B. Echinodermata, Platyhelminthes, Cnidaria
C. Mollusca, Chordata, Annelida
D. Arthropoda, Chordata, Porifera
E.
Arthropoda, Annelida, Chordata
35. The myzostomids showing incomplete segmentation
seem to be most closely allied to _____ because of
molecular data.
A. echinoderms
B. annelids
C. mollusks
36.
37.
38.
39.
D. flatworms
E.
arthropods
Parazoa
A. are pseudocoelomates
B. exhibit bilateral symmetry
C. include Cnidaria and Ctenophora
D. exhibit primitive segmentation
E.
have no true tissues
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a
vertebrate?
A. radial cleavage
B. indeterminate development
C. circulatory system present
D. diploblastic
E.
coelomate
In attempts to discover the origin of metazoans,
ribosomal RNA sequences indicate that the _____
hypothesis is correct.
A. paraphyletic ciliate
B. multinucleate
C. colonial flagellate
D. metazoan
E.
polyphyletic origin
Which of the following is not correct regarding the
origin of parazoans and eumetazoans?
A. the common ancestor was a protist
B. the common ancestor was a hollow spherical
colony of flagellated cells
C. cells within sponges resemble choanoflagellate
protists
D. sponges evolved independently from
eumetazoans
E.
metazoans represent a monophyletic group