Chapter 1 Section 1: What is Science?
Vocab:
Science is an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world.
Observation is the process of gathering information about events or processes in a careful, orderly way.
Data is information gathered from observation. Quantitative (numbers) Qualitative (cannot be counted)
Inference is a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience.
Hypothesis is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations.
Chapter 1 Section 2: How Scientists Work
Vocab:
Spontaneous Generation: Life can arise from nonliving matter
Controlled Experiment: When a hypothesis is tested by conducting an experiment in which only one
variable is changed at a time. All other variables should be kept unchanged, or controlled.
Manipulated Variable: The variable that is deliberately changed
Responding Variable: The variable that is observed and that changes in response to the manipulated
variable.
Theory: A Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
Chapter 1 Section 3: Studying Life
All living things:
are made up of units called cells
reproduce
are based on a universal genetic code
grow and develop
obtain and use materials and energy
respond to their environment
maintain a stable internal environment
as a group, change over time.
Levels of Organization
Biosphere: Part of Earth that contains all ecosystems
Ecosystem: Community and its nonliving surrounding (animals, rocks, buildings)
Community: People that living in an area (living)
Population: Groups of organisms of one type that live in the same area (cows)
Organism: individual living thing (person)
Groups of Cells: Tissues, organs, and organ systems
Cells: Smallest functional unit of life
Molecules: Groups of atoms
Vocabulary:
Biology is the science that employs the scientific method to study living things.
Cell is the smallest functional unit of life
Homeostasis is the process in which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
Sexual Reproduction is the process by which cells from two different parents unite to produce the first
cell of a new organism.
Asexual Reproduction is the process by which a single parent reproduces life by itself.
Metabolism is a set of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
as it carries out its life processes
Stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds
Chapter 1 Section 4: Tools and Procedures
Vocabulary:
Metric System: A decimal system of measurement, whose units are based on certain physical standards
and are scaled on multiples of 10
Microscope: device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the
unaided eye.
Compound Light Microscope: Allow light to pass through the specimen and use two or more lens to
form an image
Electron Microscope: Uses beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images. Non-living
specimens. (T(Transmission)EM similar to an x-ray, lets you see inside the cell. S(Scanning)EM produces
a 3D image of the outside.)
Cell Culture: Group of cells reproduced when a single cell is put into a dish containing nutrient solution.
Cell Fractionation: Technique used to separate the different cell parts.
Compound Light Microscope: Allows light to pass through the specimen and use two or more lens to
form an image. Electron Microscope: Uses beams of electrons, rather than light, to produce images.
Non-living specimens. (T(Transmission)EM similar to an x-ray, lets you see inside the cell.
S(Scanning)EM produces a 3D image of the outside.) Shows extreme detail in comparison to a light
microscope.
Review Metrics System Appendix C Pg. 1069.