Chapter One Outline
Cells: The Building Blocks of Life
I. What is life?
A. Characteristics of Living Things
__________________________________ - living things
*All living things have a cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, grow &
develop, respond to their surroundings and ______________________________.
1. Cellular Organization
a. _____________________ - basic unit of structure and function on an organism.
b. _____________________ -single celled organisms (ex. ______________________)
c. Multicellular -____________________________________________________________
2. Chemicals of Life
The most abundant chemical is ____________________________. Other chemicals
include carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
3. ____________________________ __________________
4. Growth and Development
_________________________ is a process of change during an organism’s life to
produce a more complex organism.
5. Response to Surroundings
__________________________ is a change in an organism’s surroundings that causes
an organism to react. (Give me an example of a stimulus and then the response.)
Stimulus:
Response:
6. Reproduction
________________________ is to produce offspring that are similar to the parents.
B. Life Comes From Life
_______________________________ ________________________________ - the mistaken idea
that living things arise from nonliving sources.
_______________________________ ________________________________ - experiment in which
a scientist conducts two tests that are identical in every aspect except for one factor
_______________________________ ________________________________ - the once factor that
a scientist changes in a controlled experiment. (The other name is the
___________________________ _______________________________.)
C. Needs of Living Things
Living things must satisfy their basic needs for _____________, water, _________________
____________________, and ______________ _______________________ ____________________.
1. Energy
a. ______________________- organisms that can make their own food
ex:
b. ______________________ - organisms that cannot make their own food (internally)
ex:
c. All living things need ________________ to survive.
d. Living space
e. Stable internal conditions
_____________________________ us the maintenance of stable internal
conditions despite changes in surroundings.
II. Discovering Cells
A. First Sightings of Cells
*The invention of the ____________________ __________________ made it possible for people
to discover and learn about cells.
___________________________ - instrument that makes small objects look larger
_______________________ ______________________________ - light microscope that has more
than one ___________________.
1. Robert Hooke
English scientist and inventor who observed the structure of a thin slice of ________
using a _______________ microscope he built himself,
2. Anton von Leeuwenhoek
Dutch business man who made his own _________________. He looked a __________
_______________________ and ___________________ ____________________.
3. Matthias Scheiden and Theodor Schwann
Scheiden concluded that all ___________________________ are made of cells;
Schwan concluded that all ___________________________ are made of cells
B. Cell Theory
The cell theory states:
1. All living things are composed of _______________________.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and __________________ in all ________________
___________________________.
3. All __________________ are produced from __________________ _________________.
C. How a Light Microscope Works
1. Magnification- the ability to make things look __________________ than they are.
a. The lens (or lenses) in a light microscope magnify an object by bending
___________________ that passes through it (them)
b. A convex lens is a lens with a _________________________ ______________________.
2. _____________________________ - the ability to clearly distinguish the individual parts of
an object.
D. Electron Microscopes
Electron microscopes use a __________________________________________________ instead
of light to examine a specimen.
III. Looking Inside Cells
*__________________________________ are tiny cell structures that carry our specific functions
within the cell.
A. __________________ ________________________ - Rigid layer of nonliving material that
surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.
B.____________________ ________________________- outside boundary of a cell that controls
what substances come in and out of a cell.
C.Nucleus1. ___________________ ________________________ -protects the nucleus
2. Chromatin- Contains genetic materials that directs the __________________ of a
____________________.
3. Nucleolus-_____________________________________________________________________
D. Organelles in the ______________________________________________
*Cytoplasm is the region between the cell membrane and the ____________________
(Clear, thick, gel-like fluid)
* Organelles function to ____________________________ _____________________________,
build and transport needed materials, and store and recycle wastes.
1. Mitochondria - _________________ _____________________ structures that produce
most of the ___________________________ a cell needs to carry out it’s functions
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Ribosomes
4. Golgi Bodies
5. Chloroplasts
6. ______________________________
7. Lysosomes
E. Bacterial _________________________
F. _____________________________ Cells
IV. The Origin of Life
A. Earth’s Early Atmosphere
B. ________________________ Chemicals
C. The First ________________________.
Chapter 2 Preview
I. Cell Transport
A. Passive transport
B. ___________________ transport
1. Transport of ________________________
2. Transport by __________________________
II. Photosynthesis
A. The process in which plants use _________________________ to make _______________________.
B.