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WORLD HISTORY 413: Review sheets for final exam
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Origins of Humanity
Terms to be able to identify:
prehistory
Agricultural Revolution
archaeologist
domestication of animals
paleontologist
civilization
polytheism
artifact
Paleolithic Age
city-state
Neolithic Age
theocracy
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. Why was learning to control fire important for Paleolithic people?
2. How did the Agricultural Revolution affect the way people lived/
3. Why did early peoples settle in river valleys?
4. What were the first four major river valleys and their civilizations?
Ancient Middle East
Terms to be able to identify:
Mesopotamia / Fertile Crescent
Phoenicians / Carthage
Sumerians
Hebrews
cuneiform
Torah
empire
Abraham
Code of Hammurabi
Moses / Exodus
Persians
Ten Commandments
Zoroastrianism
Diaspora
alphabet
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. Describe the contributions the Sumerians made to civilization.
2. Why did Hammurabi draw up a law code? What was its basic principle? Why was
this such a significant achievement?
3. Why were the Phoenicians called the "carriers of civilization"?
4. How did Hebrew beliefs differ from the beliefs of other peoples of the Ancient
Middle East? Why is this so important? What is the legacy of Judaism?
Ancient Greece
Terms to be able to identify:
Minoan Civilization / Crete
frescoes
Iliad and Odyssey /Homer
Olympic Games
Trojan War
Greek mythology / pantheon
polis
epic / lyric / ode poety
monarchy / democracy
tragedy / comedy
aristocracy / oligarchy
Sappho / lesbian
tyranny/ dictatorship
Hippocrates / Hippocratic Oath
Athens
Euclid
Sparta
Herodotus
idealism
Alexander the Great
philosopher
Hellenistic Civilization
sophistry
Zeno / stoicism
Socrates / Socratic Method
Epicurus / epicurean
Plato / Aristotle
hedonism
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. How did the geography of ancient Greece affect Greek life?
2. How did Greek artist portray the "ideal" in their works?
3. How did the Greek attitude toward life in general differ from that of previous
civilizations?
4. What aspects of Ancient Greece do you see in our culture today?
5j. Why are we here?
Ancient Rome
Terms to be able to identify:
Romulus and Remus
Constantine
Alps / Sicily
legion / decimation
Latins / Etruscans
devaluation of currency / inflation
Roman Republic
aqueduct
patricians / plebians
gladiator /"bread and circuses"
Senate
Colosseum / Circus Maximus
Byzantium / Constantinople
Visigoths
Praetorian Guard
Virgil /Aeneiad
Punic Wars / Battle of Zama
aqueducts / roads / arch & dome
triumvirate
parables
Julius Caesar
disciples / apostles
Octavian / Augustus
martyr / crucifiction
Roman Empire
Peter / Paul
Pax Romana
Christianity
Jesus / Messiah
pope / church hierarchy
Edict of Milan
Nicene Creed
Gospels
parish / priest
Bible
New Testament
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. What factors allowed for the Romans to take over the Mediterranean and build a
vast empire.
2. Explain the statement "Greece has conquered her rude conqueror." How did
Roman art differ from that of Greece?
3. Explain the social, political, economic, and military causes for the fall of Rome.
Which do you think was most important? Why?
4. Describe the key teachings of Christianity.
5. Explain how each of the following factors contributed to the spread of
Christianity: a) Paul b) Roman persecution c) the message of Christianity
d) the life of Jesus e) the unity of the Roman Empire
Islam and Civilizations in Africa
Terms to be able to identify:
Islam
hegira
Muhammad
caliph
Allah
Sunni / Shii (Shi’ite)
Mecca
Sahara Desert / Kalahari Desert
Medina
Atlas Mountains / savanna
hajj
Kush
Five Pillars of Islam
Axum
Ramadan
Ghana
Qur’an
dumb barter
mosque / minaret / muezzin
Great Zimbabwe
Mali
small-scale societies
Sundiata
councils of elders
Mansa Musa
Swahili
Songhai
matrilineal /patrilineal societies
Timbuktu
features of African music
griot
types of African art
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. Describe the basic beliefs of Islam. How is Islam similar to Christianity and
Judaism?
2. What factors account for the rapid spread of Islam? To where did Islam spread?
3. What are common stereotypes about Islam that are not supported by facts?
Explain.
4. Describe the geography of Africa.
5. Other than Egyptian hieroglyphics, what are our sources of evidence about
ancient Africa? Give specific examples.
6. In what ways did great African kingdoms such as Ghana and Mali rival great
European civilizations? Why do they receive so little attention?
7. What aspects of African culture have influenced modern American culture?
8. Give at least four specific reasons why it is critical for Americans to study about
Africa.
Ancient India
Terms to be able to identify:
Indus River
Khyber Pass
Deccan Plateau
Himalaya Mountains
Ganges River
ascetic
monsoon
caste / varna
rajah
Brahmin
Dravidian
Kshatriya
Aryan
Vaisya
Harappa / Mohenjo-Daro
Shudras
Sanskrit
Untouchables / pariah
city planning
sati
Hinduism
Maurya Empire
reincarnation
Asoka
Vedas
Tamerlane
Devi / Brahma / Vishnu / Shiva
Mughul Empire
dharma
Akbar
karma
Taj Mahal
dharma
Buddhism
Siddartha Gautama
Tripitaka (Three Baskets of Widom)
Nirvana / enlightenment
Four Noble Truths
Middle Way
stupa
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. What are the major regions and natural barriers of India?
2. Describe some major characteristics of life for women in ancient India.
3. Explain the class system and how it functions in Indian society.
4. How are Hinduism and Buddhism similar? How are they different?
5. What caused tensions between Muslims and Hindus in India?
6. What were three common themes in Indian history?
Ancient China
Terms to be able to identify:
Yellow (Huang He) River
Son of Heaven
Yangtze River
gentry
Gobi Desert
Zhong Guo (Middle Kingdom)
Fu Hao
kowtow
ancestor worship
Mongol Dynasty
characters / calligraphy
Genghis and Kublai Khan
oracle bones
Marco Polo
Ch'in Dynasty
Silk Road
Great Wall of China
Taoism
Qin Shi Huangdi
Tao Te Ching
Confucius
Lao-Tzu
Classics
Legalism
Mandate of Heaven
Grand Canal
bureaucracy
filial piety
civil service test
Uighurs
Llasa / Tibet
Wu Zhao
Chang'an (X'ian)
concubine
foot-binding
female infanticide
5 Basic Relationships
Admiral Zhong-he
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. What were four common themes in Chinese history?
2. What are four major Chinese technology achievements that have had a huge affect
on the world? Why isn't China often given credit for its enormous achievements?
3. What qualities of a person were most valued in Chinese families?
4. Describe major characteristics of life (both positive and negative) for women in
China.
5. Explain the impact of Confucius upon Chinese society. How is Chinese society
still influenced by him?
6. What cultural and artistic achievements is China most noted for?
7. How and why would someone be a Taoist? How are these ideas relevant to
today's society?
Europe in the Middle Ages
Terms to be able to identify:
Franks
Magyars /Slavs
Charlemagne
Angles and Saxons
Vikings / Normans
Moors
Normandy
Franciscans
feudalism
Jesuits
fief
Romanesque architecture
vassal / knight
Gothic architecture
feudal contract
medieval towns
castle
charter
trial by combat or ordeal
middle class
chivalry
guild
manorialism
just price
serf
vernacular
three-field system / fallow
Crusades
missionaries
Pope Urban II
heathens
Peasants Crusade
missionaries
Saladin
tithe
William the Conqueror
sacraments
Domesday Book
salvation
Grand Jury / indictment
excommunication
trial jury / verdict
Inquisition
Magna Carta
monasteries
Parliament
Hundred Years War
House of Commons
Joan of Arc
House of Lords
Black Death
limited monarchy
bubonic plague
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. In the feudal/manorial system, what duties did the vassal have?
What responsibilities did the lord have? What did the serf have to do?
2. Describe the many ways the Church influenced medieval society.
3. Explain the process for becoming a master craftsman.
4. Describe the economic and social roles played by the guilds in medieval towns.
5. Why did people go on the Crusades? Describe the results.
6. Explain how precedents were set in England during the Middle Ages that directly
affected the history of the United States.
Renaissance and Reformation
Terms to be able to identify:
Renaissance
humanism
Florence
Protestant Reformation
Michaelangelo / David
Martin Luther
Raphael / School of Athens
95 Theses
Leonardo / Mona Lisa
Johann Tetzel
Gutenberg / printing press
indulgences
Castiglione / The Book of the Courtier
Henry VIII
Machiavelli / The Prince
Act of Supremacy
Shakespeare /Romeo and Juliet
Queen Mary
Chaucer / The Canterbury Tales
Elizabeth I
Thomas More / Utopia
Spanish Armada
Charles I
predestination
English Revolution
Inquisition
Oliver Cromwell
Catholic Counter-Reformation
Glorious Revolution
witchcraft
limited monarchy
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. Where did the Renaissance begin? Why did the Renaissance begin?
2. What general areas/fields were dramatically changed by the Renaissance?
3. What were four ways art changed during the Renaissance?
4. What were three causes of the Protestant Reformation?
5. How did the Reformation change Europe?
6. What new Protestant religions were created as a result of the Reformation?
Japan
Terms to be able to identify:
clan
Prince Shotoku Taishi
Ainu
Nara
Honshu
Heian (Kyoto)
samurai
Tale of Genji
bushido
Lady Murasaki Shikibu
shogun
Zen
kami
Noh
Shintoism
Kabuki
daimyo
haiku
archipelago
eta
genin
kamikaze
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. Describe at least five things Japan borrowed from China.
2. What aspects of Japanese culture were unique to Japan?
3. How was Japan's feudal system organized?
4. How were Europeans originally received by the Japanese?
by later Tokugawa shoguns?
5. How do Japanese samurai compare to European knights?
Native Americans and the Age of Exploration
Terms to be able to identify:
Bering Strait / tundra
Aztecs
Great Plains / buffalo
Tenochtitlan
Mesoamerica
Montezuma
Olmec
terraforming
Maya
Tlaxcala
Tikal / Chichen Itza
Hernan Cortez
Yucatan Peninsula
Narhuatl
Nazca
Cuzco
Incas
Macchu Picchu
Quechua
Atahualpa
Quipu
Francisco Pizarro
Age of Exploration
caravel
Magnetic compass
Christopher Columbus
Astrolabe
Arawak Indians
Amerigo Vespucci
Ferdinand Magellan
Prince Henry (“The Navigator”) of Portugal
Jose del Cano
Vasco da Gama
Treaty of Tordesillas
conquistadore
Las Casas
Questions to be able to respond to:
1. What are the major features and terrains of geography in the Americas?
2. What were three common themes one finds when studying Native Americans of
North America?
3. What achievements are Native American civilizations like the Maya and the
Incas known for?
4. Why were the Aztecs defeated by the Spanish conquistadores?
5. Describe the locations of the great civilizations of Latin America.
6. What were the motives behind European colonization of the Americas?
7. What happened when Europeans encountered Native Americans?
8. What will you remember most about this World History course in four years?