Unit 7

Unit 7

The Urinary System

Essential Questions

• What are the functions of the kidney?

• How is urine formed and what are the components of urine?

• How does what we ingest have an effect on our urine?

• What role does ADH play in urine formation?

Day 1

• Required Readings:

• 16.1, 16.2

• Learning Objectives:

• Identify the organs of the urinary system and describe their general functions

• Describe the structure and blood supply of the kidney

• Describe the structure and functions of a nephron

• Compare filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion

• Explain how urine is formed

Starter

• Bozeman Video: Osmoregulation

• What is the difference between an osmoconformer and an osmoregulator?

• How are salt water and fresh water fish’s urine different?

• What is/are:

• Nephrons

• Loop of Henle

• Glomerulus

• Collecting duct

• Time: 20 minutes

Activity 1

• What are the 3 functions of the kidney?

• Write a poem that outlines the functions of the kidney


Activity 2

• On poster paper, draw a picture of a nephron and include the following structures:

• Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, descending limb, ascending limb, collecting duct, loop of Henle

• On the ascending limb, descending limb, and collecting duct, include the following:

• Where water is absorbed/secreted

• Where salt is absorbed/secreted


Closing

• Why is water removed in the descending limb only to be reabsorbed in the ascending limb?

• Which hormone is responsible in urine production?

• How does urine production alter with the consumption of the following:

• Caffeine

• Alcohol

• Excess water

• Not enough water?

Day 2


• Kidney Dissection


• To identify the structures and functions of the structures of the kidney

• To determine the fate of a soda molecule

Starter

• Label the following parts on the kidney and nephron:


Answers

• Kidney

• 1) Renal cortex

• 2) Renal medulla

• 3) Renal pelvis (minor/major calyx)

• 4) Nephron

• 5) Ureter

• Nephron

• A) Glomerulus

• B) Descending limb

• C) Loop of Henle

• D) Ascending Limb

• E) Collecting Duct

Activity 1

• Kidney dissection

• Read through the instructions and dissect with your group

• Clean up when you are finished


Activity 2

• Using the powerpoint slides as a guide, write a story explaining what happens to a coke when you drink it

• Use a diagram to help aid your explanation


Homework

• Complete your story – Due February 11

Day 3


• 16.3


• Explain how water and electrolyte balance and pH balance are maintained in body fluids

• Explain how nitrogenous wastes are kept within normal limits in body fluids

Starter

• The following four hormones act on the kidneys:

• Aldosterone

• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

• Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)

• Parathyroid hormone

• What is the function of these hormones?

• Where do the hormones come from?


Activity 1

• Read through “The 2000-Meter Row: A Case in

Homeostasis” with your group

• For the questions, there are 2 systems we haven’t talked about yet (nervous, endocrine), but try your best to incorporate those systems into your answers

• The hormones you can talk about are the 4 that act on the kidneys as well as epinephrine (adrenaline)


Activity 2

• You will be assigned numbers 1-4

• Move to your new group and discuss what was happening physiologically to Jim during his

2000m race


Activity 3

• Create a poster for the athletes at TASOK explaining the importance water intake

• Everyone will create one

• Ideas to get you started:

• How does dehydration negatively effect their performance?

• What are some long-term effects of dehydration

• What are good drinks to have during and after exercise? (Think: electrolyte balance)

• What advantage would monitoring their pee have?

How should it look?


Closing & Homework

• What hormones act on the kidneys and what are their functions?

• How does water intake effect an athlete’s performance?

• Homework:

• Coke story

• Water poster

• Read 16.4, 16.5

Day 4


• 16.4, 16.5


• Describe the structure and function of the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

• Describe the control of micturition

• Indicate the normal components of urine

Starter

• What are the components in urine?

• What components would be a concern if they were found in the urine?

• What could a potential diagnosis be if these components are found in the urine?


Activity 1

• Create a model of the structures involved in micturition

• The model should be a working model that shows what happens when urine enters the bladder

• i.e. How much urine can the bladder hold?

• What happens when urine accumulates in the bladder?


Activity 2

• Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis

• You will need a hot plate, test tubes, test tube rack, and test tube tongs

• Put everything you used that needs to be washed in the sink after

• Please put the dissecting pans, dissecting kits and stopwatches back in your lab bench when completed


Closing

• What could the presence of glucose indicate?

• What could the presence of protein indicate?

Homework

• Complete Lab 1: Urinalysis

• Due February 17

Day 5


• Modeling Kidney Function


• Investigate the function of a human kidney by constructing a model

• Understand the mechanism of urine formation in the kidney

• Observe osmosis as it relates to kidney filtration

• Relate kidney function to homeostasis

Starter

• What is the function of kidneys with regards to waste materials and blood composition?

• How do the kidneys help maintain homeostasis of body fluids?


Activity 1

• Describe the flow of urine and what happens in each of the following structures:

• Nephron

• Ureter

• Ascending tubule

• Bowman’s capsule

• Bladder

• Collecting duct

• Glomerulus

• Descending tubule

• Urethra


Activity 2

• Read through “Modeling Kidney Function” with your group

• Explain to me what you are going to do before you begin

• Clean-up when complete


Activity 3

• “Going Further”

• Work with your group in the computer lab to complete the first paragraph in this section


Homework

• Urinalysis Lab

• Modeling Kidney Function

• “Going Further”

Day 6


• Urinalysis Lab


• Analyze urine samples for colour, pH, glucose, protein, and specific gravity

• Use data collected from the tests to determine potential causes of abnormal results

Starter

• Answer the pre-lab questions on S-2 of your lab packet


Activity 1

• Read through “Activity 2” that starts on page

S-6

• Each student will test their own urine and answer the lab questions (1-3) for their own sample

• Create a data table to hand in with your answers


Activity 2

• Obtain a sample of your urine to test

• You do not need to fill the cup completely – you only need ~25mL

• Complete the tests for your sample

• Clean up when complete

• Throw anything that has touched your urine into the bin (pipettes, cups, paper towel, glucose strips, etc.)


Closing

• What could the following indicate if found in urine?

• High pH

• Glucose

• Protein

• Time: 5 minutes

Homework

• Complete your urinalysis lab questions if you did not complete them in class

Day 7


• 16.6


• Describe the common disorders of the urinary system

Activity 1

• Choose any 3 of the following disorders to research:

• Kidney stone, chronic kidney disease, urinary tract infection

(UTI), hematuria, kidney disease, urinary incontinence

• Present your findings to me in any way you choose, for example:

• Powerpoint, Table/chart, Venn diagram, Poem, Song, Comic

Strip, Diagram, Flow chart, etc.

• What to include:

• Cause(s)

• Signs & Symptoms

• Treatments

• Statistics

Day 8

• Summative assessment

Unit 7 - tasokphysiology

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