Mid-Term
Information Technology (BIS2180)
GROUP: 99
Pathimaphorn Ninjumrus
ID: 5613475
CHAPTER 1
Digital Literacy : Introducing a Word of Technology
A world of Computer Computer World
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the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) on 12 February 1982 for shipments in excess of
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The Component of a Computer
1. Input Device : Allow user to enter data and instruction into a computer
2. Output Device : Hardware component convey information one or more people
3. System Unit : Case that contains the components of the computer
4. Storage : Holds data and information for future use
5. Communication Device : Enable a computer to send and receive data and information to
and from one or more computer
. ◊ Computers
-Laptop
-Tablet
-Desktop
-Server
A computer is an
electronic device ,operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory,
that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce information ,and
store the information for future use. A personal computer is a computer that can perform all
of its input , processing , output, and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used
by one person at a time
o Laptops
A laptop is a thin, lightweight mobile computer with a screen in its lidand a keyboard in its
base.
Tablets
Usually smaller than laptop but larger than a phone ,a tablet is a thin, lightweight mobile
computer that has touch screen.
o Desktops
A desktop is a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location where all of its
components fit on
o Servers
A server is a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers
devices on a network
◊ Mobile and Game Devices
A mobile device is a computer device small enough to hold in your hand. Because of their
reduced size, the screens on mobile devices are small.
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Smartphones A smartphone is an internet-capable phone that usually also includes a
calendar, an appointment book, an address book, a calculator ,a notepad ,games and
several other apps. Smartphones typically communicate wirelessly with other device
computers. With several smartphone models ,you also can listen to music and take
photo.
Digital cameras A digital camera is a device that allows you to take photos and store the
photographed images digitally .While many digital cameras look like a traditional
camera, some are built into smartphones and other mobile devices.
Portable Media Players A portable media player is a mobile device on which you can
store ,organize ,and play overview digital media.
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E-Book Readers An e –book reader is mobile device that is used primarily for reading ebooks. An e book is an electronic version of a printed book, readable on computers and
other digital devices.
o Game Devices A game console is a mobile computing devices designed for singleplayer or multiplayer video game
◊ Data and information
Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, Number ,images ,audio, and video.
Information conveys meaning to users
 DATA
(input)
, STORAGE AND PROCESSES, INFORMATION (output) (Input)an input device is any hardware
component that allows you to enter data and instruction into a computer or mobile device.
-Keyboards
-Pointing:
A mouse
A touchpad
- A scanner
(Output)
an output device is any hardware component that conveys information from a computer or mobile
device to one Or more people
- A printer
- A displays
- Speakers
- Memory and Storage
Hard disk
Solid-state drives
USB flash drives Memory cards
Optical disc
Memory Cards
◊The Internet
The internet is a worldwide collection of computer networks that connects
millions of businesses ,government agencies ,educational institutions, and
individuals. The internet provides society with access to global information and
instant communications
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The World Wide Web The world wide web is
a global library of information available to anyone connected to the internet
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Web browsing A browser is
a software that enables users with an internet connection to access and view webpage
on a computer.
Web Searching A search engine is a software that finds website, webpage, images
,videos ,and other information related to a specific topic.
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Online Social Network An online social network is a website that encourages members in
its online community share their interests, ideas, stories ,photos, music and videos with
other registered users
◊Digital Security and Safety
It is important that users protect their computer and mobile devices.
o Viruses and Other Malware
o Privacy
o Health Concerns
o Environment Issues
◊Programsand Apps
A program consists of a series of related instructions ,organized for a common purpose, that tells
the computer what tasks to perform them.
 System Software:
-Operating system
-Utility program
 Application Software
 Installing is the process of setting up software to work with the computer ,printer ,and other
hardware
 Once installed, you can run an application so that you can interact with it
 You interact with program or application through its user interface
◊Communications and Networks
- A communications device is hardware capable of transferring items from computer and
device to transmission media and vice versa.
EX: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Cellular radio
-A Network is a collection of computer and devices connected together via communications
devices and transmission media
. EX: Home network, Business network.
◊User of Technology in Society
Technology has changed society today as much as the industrial revolution
changed society in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. People interact
directly with technology in fields
such as:
- Education.
- Government.
-Finance –Retail
-Entertainment
-Health care
-Travel
-Science
-Publishing
-Manufacturing
Technology Users
CHAPTER 6
The system unit
Case contains electronics components of the computer from damages
Processor(CPU) is the device that interpret and carries out the basic instructs=ion that operate
computer
Mother Board is the main circuit board of the computer
- A computer chip contains intergraded circuit
- Transitory acts as electric switch or gate that open or close the circuit for electronic signals
Processor(CPU) contain 2 components
1.Control Unit: direct and coordinate most of the operation
2.The Arithmetic Logic Unit: basic calculations such as addition, subtraction ,multiplication ,and
division
Processor Cooling: generate airflow ,require additional cooling
- Heat sink
- Liquid cooling technology
- Cooling mats
Data Representation Analog:
Analog: signals are continuous and vary in strength and quality such as human speech
Digital: signals are in one of two state ; on and off such as most of computers
The binary system
is a number that has just two unique digits,0 and 1 called bits Bit s is the smallest unit of data that
the computer can processes
< When 8 bits are grouped together as a unit called Byte>
Memory
Consist of electric components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor Type
of Memory
1. Volatile :
When the computer is turned off volatile memory loses its
content such as RAM
2. Nonvolatile: When the computer is turned off. Nonvolatile
memory does not lose its contents such as ROM, flash memory ,and
CMOS
Memory Cache
Speed the processes of the computer because it stores frequently used instructions and data
Memory Access Times
The amount of time it takes the processor to read data, instruction, and information from memory
Expansion Slots
A socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card Adapter
Card (Expansion Card) A circuit board that enhances functions of a
components of the system unit
Buses
Allow the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each
other
Power Supply
Components system unit that converts the wall outlets
CHAPTER 7
Input and Output
What is Input?
 Input is any data and instructions entered into the memory of a computer.
The keyboard:
 A keyboard is an input device that contains keys users press to enter data and instructions into a
computer or mobile device.
Most desktop computer keyboard have
-Typing
-Function keys
-Toggle Key
-Directional keys
-Media control button
-internet control button
Pointing Devices:
A pointer is a small symbol on the screen whose location and shape change as a user
moves a pointing device. A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the palm of
your hand comfortably
- Optical mouse, laser mouse, and touch mouse.
Touch Screens:
A touch Screen is a touch-sensitive display device.
Pen Put:
 With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw,
or make selections
 A graphics tablet, also called a digitizer, is an electronic plastic board that detects
and converts movements of a style or digital pen into signals that are sent to the
computer
Motion Input:
With motion input, sometimes called gesture recognition, users can guide on-screen elements using
air gestures.
Voice Input:
Voice input is the process of entering input by speaking into a microphone.
Voice recognition, also called speech recognition, is the computer or mobile device’s capability of
distinguishing spoken words.
Video Input:
Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and storing them on a computer or
mobile device’s storage medium.
A videoconference is a meeting between two or more
geographically separated people
Scanners and Reading Devices:
 A scanner is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates
the results into a form the computer can process.
 A flatbed scanner works in a manner similar to a copy machine except it creates a file of the
document in memory instead of a paper copy
 An optical reader is a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks, and codes and then
converts them into digital data that a computer can process
(1) Optical character recognition (OCR)
(2)Optical mark recognition (OMR)
 A bar code reader, also called a bar code scanner uses laser beams to read bar codes
 A QR code stores information in both a vertical and horizontal direction.
 RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to communicate with a tag placed in or
attached to an object
 Magistrate reader sread the magnetic stripe on the back of cards such as: Credit cards,
entertainment, bankcards, etc…
 MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text printed with magnetized ink An MICR
reader converts MICR characters into a form the computer can process
Banking industry uses MICR for check processing.
What is output?
 Output is data that has been processed into a useful form
Displays
- A display visually conveys text, graphics, and video information.
- A monitor is a display that is packaged as a separate peripheral device.
- LCD monitor
 The quality of a display depends primarily on its:
- Resolution
- Response time
- Brightness - Dot pitch
- Contrast ratio
• Home users sometimes use a digital television (DTV) as a display
• HDTV is the most advanced form of digital television
• A Smart TV is an Internet-enabled HDTV
Printers
A printer produces text and graphics on a physical medium.
 A nonimpact printer -> forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually
contacting the paper
Ink-jet printers
- Photo printers
- Laser printers
- All-in-one printers
- Thermal printers
- Mobile printers
- Label printers
- Plotters
- Large-format printers
 An ink-jet printer’s forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of
liquid ink onto a piece of paper. Color or black-and-white Speed is measured by
the number of pages per minute (ppm) it can print.
 Photo Printers produces lab-quality pictures. Many use ink-jet technology
PictBridge allows you to print photos directly from a digital camera Print from a
memory card
 Laser prints work like photo copier machine High-speed, high quality, color, Black-while
 An All-in-one prints is a single device that prints, scans, copies, and in some
cases, faxes.
 A thermal printer generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive
paper. - (Dye-sublimation printer) A dye-sublimation printer (or dye-sub printer) is a computer
printer which employs a printing process that uses heat to transfer dye on to materials such as a
plastic, card, paper, or fabric.
 A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery powered printer that allows a mobile user to print
from a mobile device.
 A label printer is a small printer that prints on an adhesive-type material that can be placed on a
variety of item.
 Plotters are used to produce high-quality drawings
 Large-format printers create photo-realistic quality color prints.
 Impact printers form characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against
an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper.
Other Output Devices
 Many users attach surround sound speakers or speaker systems to their computers, game
consoles, and mobile devices to generate higher-quality sounds
 Headphones are speakers that cover or are placed outside of the ear
 Ear buds (also called earphones) rest inside the ear canal.  A data projector is a device that
takes the text and images displaying on a computer or mobile device screen and projects them on a
larger screen.
 An interactive whiteboard is a touch-sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase board, that
displays the image on a connected computer screen
 Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and motion-sensing game controllers can be considered output
devices when they include force feedback
 Technology that sends resistance to the device in response to actions of the user
CHAPTER 8
Digital Storage
○ Storage holds data ,instruction, and information for future uses
○ Storage medium: physical material on which a computer keep data ,information ,programs ,and
applications
○ Cloud storage :storage option ,in which the actual online storage media used is transparent to the
users
○ Storage device is the computer hardware that record and retrieve items to and from storage
media
Storage Terms
Hard Disk
A storage device that contains one or more inflexible,circular
platters that use magnetic particles to store data ,instruction
,and information
Disk Cache (Buffer) consist of a memory chips on a hard disk
that stores frequently accessed items such as
data,information, and instruction
RAID: an ideal storage solution for users must have the data
available when they attempt to access
External hard disk: separate freestanding storage device that connect with a cable to a USB port
Flash Memory Storage
is a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten is one type of solid
state media that means it consist of electronic components
Memory Card
Is a recoverable flash memory device that you insert and remove from a slot in a computer
- USB Flash drive
Cloud Storage
An internet service that provide storage to computer users such as
Box.net, IDrive,Skydrive
Optical Discs
Consist of a flat,round,portable disc made of metal,plastic,and lacquer that is written and read by a
laser
Enterprise Storage allow large organization to manage and store data using
other devices
1.RAID: duplicate data,backup
2.Network attached storage (NAS): sever that is placed on a network with the sole purpose of
providing storage to users
3.Storage area network(SAN): high speed network with the sole purpose of providing storage to
other attached servers
4.Tape:store a large amount of data and information
5.magnetic stripe card: store dato using magnetic stripe