採用IFRS之國家如何解決會計問題爭端
勤業眾信會計師事務所
審計部協理 黃桂榮
2009年12月9日
IFRS
SICs and IFRICs
Before 2002 March
After 2002 March
IASB
Standing Interpretations
Committee(
Reporting Interpretations
Committee (IFRIC)
IFRICs(1~19,16)
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
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調查狀況彙總說明
編
號
國家
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
香港
澳洲
新加坡
南非
德國
奧地利
斐濟
英國
義大利
瑞士
西班牙
加拿大
日本
14
15
韓國
中國
16
墨西哥
17
印度
調查完成比例
第一階段：是否制訂或擬制訂處理
會計爭端相關機制
Yes
No/NA
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V(2011)
V(2012, under
consideration)
V(2011)
V(部分採用，仍有
差異）
V(2012)
V(2011)
100%
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
第二階段：已採用IFRS且設有處理會
計爭端機制者之實施概況（僅針對第
一階段回覆為”Yes”者再發函）
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
100%
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
已採用IFRS 國家
-除IFRIC外另行成立解釋單位者
國別
解釋單位
香港
Financial Reporting Standards Committee of HKICPA
澳洲
Interpretations Agenda Committee (IAC) of Australian
Accounting Standards Board(AASB)
新加坡
南非
德國
奧地利
斐濟
Accounting Standards Council (ASC)
South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA)/ Accounting
Practices Board (APB)
Accounting Interpretations Committee (AIC) of Accounting
Standards Committee of Germany (ASCG)
Austrian Financial Reporting and Auditing Committee(AFRAC )
(http://www.afrac.at/index_en.php)
Standards Committee of Fiji Institute of Accountants
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
已採用IFRS 國家
-除發布解釋函以外之正式處理機制
國別
香港
新加坡
歐盟
英國
處理單位
Financial Reporting Standards
Committee of HKICPA
處理機制
提供實務處理意見
European Financial Reporting
Advisory Group(EFRAG)
發布會計實務指引
Statements of Recommended
Accounting Practice (RAPs)
蒐集並研究問題提交IFRIC討論
發布解釋函
EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Internal Market and Services DG
Roundtable for Consistent
Application of IFRSs
Accounting Standards Board
發布 Urgent Issues Task Force
(UITF) Abstracts
Institute of Certified Public
Accountants of Singapore (ICPAS)
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
已採用IFRS 國家
-非正式處理機制/未成立解釋機構或其他處理機制
國別
處理單位
處理機制
IASB
Financial Crisis Advisory Group (FCAG)
舉行round table meeting
歐盟
四大會計師事務所
不定期會議
香港
四大會計師事務所
不定期會議
義大利
未成立解釋機構或其他處理機制
瑞士
未成立解釋機構或其他處理機制
西班牙
未成立解釋機構或其他處理機制
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
尚未採用IFRS 國家
-目前討論情形
國別
預計適用年
度
是否擬成立發布解釋單位
the Council of the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of India (ICAI)
說明
發布解釋函及指引
印度
2011
加拿大
2011
否
墨西哥
2012
CINIF
發布解釋令INIF
韓國
2011
目前尚無具體計劃
現行四大有不定期會議
中國
採用部分IFRS ， 目前尚無具體計劃
惟仍存在差異
日本
2012年(under
目前尚無具體計劃
consideration)
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
加拿大金融主管機關針
對金融業發布會計指引
財政部聲稱其新準則與
IFRS相同，目前其出版刊
物只有解釋新準則如何
適用
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
附件－
各國正式/非正式
解釋機制介紹
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
香港－除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位
HKICPA-Interpretations
•Interpretations collectively refers to following
Interpretations issued by the Hong Kong Institute of
Certified Public Accountants
–Hong Kong (IFRIC) Interpretations (HK(IFRIC)-Int),
–Hong Kong Interpretations (HK-Int),
–Hong Kong (SIC) Interpretations (HK(SIC)-Int)
•Interpretations give authoritative guidance on issues that
are likely to receive divergent or unacceptable treatment, in
the absence of such guidance.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
香港－除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位
HKICPA-Interpretations(cont’)
Interpretations that are developed locally by the Institute are named
Hong Kong Interpretations.
Interpretation
Number
HK-Int 1
Title
Issue Date
The Appropriate Accounting Policies for
Infrastructure Facilities
Issued in Oct 2004,
reissued in May 2005 and
June 2006
HK-Int 3
Revenue – Pre-completion Contracts for Issued March 2005,
the Sale of Development Properties
reissued in May 2005 and
revised in June 2006
HK-Int 4
Leases – Determination of the Length of Issued May 2005
Lease Term in respect of Hong Kong Land
Leases
Note: HK int 2 related to accounting for Hotel Properties was not “reissued in May 2005”
as the issue is covered by IAS 40 equivalent.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
香港－非正式處理機制:四大會計師事務所不定期會議
範例:Financial Reporting Standards Committee Meeting–
HKICPA ( April 2008 )
The Committee considered a referral from the Professional Standards Monitoring
Committee regarding the presentation of the gains and losses on sale of financial
assets arising in the ordinary course of business in the income statement. It was
noted that some preparers show sales proceeds from the sale of financial assets as
revenue (gross), while others present gains and losses on disposal net in the
income statement
.
The Committee agreed that gains and losses arising from the disposal of financial
assets must be presented net in accordance with HKAS 39 Financial Instruments:
Recognition Page 3 of 3 and Measurement - paragraphs 26 and 55 and HKFRS 7
Financial Instruments: Disclosures - paragraph 20(a). The Committee therefore
agreed that it is inappropriate to present gross sales proceeds as revenue.
However, the Committee also noted that the standards do not preclude an entity
providing additional information in the financial statements related to gross sales
proceeds provided that they are not described as “revenue”.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
澳洲-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位
•Australia is fully IFRS compliant, and so has issued
Interpretations equivalent to all the SIC and IFRIC
Interpretations.
•Apart from the SIC and IFRIC equivalent Interpretations,
14 local Interpretations have also been issued, 4 of
which have since been superseded by other
Interpretations or Standards.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
澳洲- 10
local Interpretations (effective)
Item Interpretation Title
Number
Issue Date Application Date
Interpretation
body
1
1003
Australian
Petroleum
Resource Rent
Tax
Nov 2007
Annual reporting
periods ending on
or after
30 Jun 2008
Australian
Accounting
Standards Board
(AASB)
2
1019
The
Sep 2004
Superannuation
Contributions
Surcharge
Annual reporting
periods beginning
on or after
1 Jan 2005
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor to
the AASB)
3
1030
Depreciation of Sep 2004
Long-Lived
Physical Assets:
Condition-Based
Depreciation
and Related
Methods
Annual reporting
periods beginning
on or after
1 Jan 2005
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor to
the AASB)
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
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澳洲- 10 local Interpretations (effective)
Item Interpretation Title
Number
Issue
Date
4
1031
Accounting for the
Goods and Services
Tax (GST)
Jul 2004 Annual reporting
periods beginning on
or after 1 Jan 2005
5
1038
Contributions by
Dec
Owners Made to
2007
Wholly-Owned Public
Sector Entities
6
1039
Substantive
Enactment of Major
Tax Bills in Australia
7
1042
Subscriber Acquisition Dec
Costs in the
2004
Telecommunications
Industry
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
Application Date
Annual reporting
periods beginning on
or after 1 Jul 2008
Jul 2004 Annual reporting
periods beginning on
or after 1 Jan 2005
Annual reporting
periods beginning on
or after 1 Jan 2005
Interpretation
body
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor to
the AASB)
Australian
Accounting
Standards
Board
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor to
the AASB)
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor to
the AASB)
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
澳洲- 10 local Interpretations (effective)
Item Interpretation Title
Number
Issue Date
Application Date Interpretation
body
8
1047
Professional
Nov 2004
Indemnity Claims
Liabilities in Medical
Defence
Organisations
Annual reporting
periods beginning
on or after
1 Jan 2005
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor
to the AASB)
9
1052
Tax Consolidation
Accounting
Jun 2005
Annual reporting
periods ending on
or after
31 Dec 2005
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor
to the AASB)
10
1055
Accounting for Road Sep 2004
Earthworks
Annual reporting
periods beginning
on or after
1 Jan 2005
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor
to the AASB)
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
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澳洲- 4 local Interpretations (superseded)
Interpretation Title
Number
1
1001
Consolidated Financial Jul 2005
Reports in relation to
Pre-Date-of-Transition
Dual Listed Company
Arrangements
[superseded by AASB 3
Business Combinations,
issued March 2008]
Annual
Urgent Issues
reporting
Group
periods ending (Predecessor
on or after
to the AASB
31 Dec 2005
2
1002
Post-Date-of-Transition Dec 2005
Stapling Arrangements
[superseded by AASB 3
Business Combinations,
issued March 2008]
Annual
Australian
reporting
Accounting
periods ending Standards
on or after
Board
31 Dec 2005
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
Issue Date
Application
Date
Interpretation
body
Item
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
澳洲- 4 local Interpretations (superseded)
Item Interpretation Title
Number
Issue
Date
Application
Date
Interpretation
body
3
1013
Apr 2005
Consolidated Financial
Reports in relation to PreDate-of-Transition Stapling
Arrangements
[superseded by AASB 3
Business Combinations,
issued March 2008]
Annual
reporting
periods ending
on or after
31 Dec 2005
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor
to the AASB
4
1017
Developer and Customer Nov
2004
Contributions for
Connection to a PriceRegulated Network
[superseded by
Interpretation 18 Transfers
of Assets from Customers,
issued March 2009]
Annual
reporting
periods
beginning on
or after
1 Jan 2005
Urgent Issues
Group
(Predecessor
to the AASB
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
新加坡-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位
• In Singapore, the accounting standards and
interpretations are prescribed by the Accounting
Standard Council (ASC), and they follow the IFRS.
Currently, the following IFRICs have not been adopted
in Singapore yet:
– IFRIC 2 - Members’ Shares in Co-operative Entities
and Similar Instruments
– IFRIC 15 - Agreements for the Construction of Real
Estate
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
新加坡-除發布解釋函以外之正式處理機制
•In addition, the Institute of Certified Public Accountants
of Singapore (ICPAS), a professional body, issues some
guidance on topical matters, in the form of Statements
of Recommended Accounting Practice (RAPs). Topics
include:
–Accounting and reporting by Charities
–Reporting framework for unit trusts
–Foreign income not remitted to Singapore
–Pre-completed contracts for sale of development
property
–Merger accounting
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
南非-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位
Background
• Instances may arise where there is a need for South African specific guidance
for certain aspects, transactions or other issues where no guidance is provided
in either International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB or in
the interpretations issued by IFRIC.
• The South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) acts as the
Secretariat to the Accounting Practices Board (APB) in the standard setting
process. The Accounting Practices Committee (APC) is the technical advisory
body to the APB. The APB is the official standard setting body in South Africa. It
approves and issued Statements of Generally Accepted Accounting Practice
(Statements of GAAP) and Interpretations of Statements of GAAP.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
南非-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位(續)
Background (cont’)
• Where guidance is required, the APC would generally first circulate the query
amongst the National Standard Setters. If there is no clarity following this
consultation, SAICA would generally then submit an agenda request to the
IFRIC. If the agenda request does not result in any guidance, SAICA would then
consider whether it is appropriate to issue local guidance.
• Local guidance tends to be issued only when the circumstances are South
Africa specific, for example, recent interpretations have focussed on Black
Economic Empowerment transactions (which are a South African regulatory
issue) and their interaction with IFRS 2, and on South African pension fund
legislation & its interaction with IFRIC 14.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
南非－解釋函內容
Interpretation Subject
Issue Date
ISSUED PRIOR TO IFRS ADOPTION IN 2005
Preface to South African Statements and Interpretations November
of Statements of Generally Accepted Accounting
2003
Practice
Accounting for "Secondary Tax on Companies (STC)"
November
2003
ISSUED BETWEEN IFRS ADOPTION AND 2008
Substantively Enacted Tax Rates and Tax Laws
February 2006
ISSUED SUBSEQUENT TO 2008
Accounting For Black Economic Empowerment (Bee)
March 2009
Transactions
IAS 19 (AC 116) The Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, March 2009
Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction in
the South African Pension Fund Environment
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
德國-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位
• The Accounting Standards Committee of Germany (ASCG) is registered in the
register of Associations in Berlin as a non-profit organisation. The governing
bodies of the Association are the Executive Board and the General Assembly.
The standing committees of the Association are the German Accounting
Standards Board (GASB) and the Accounting Interpretations Committee (AIC).
• ASCG is one of standard setters to work with the International Accounting
Standards Board.
• GASB has the following three duties:
1. the elaboration of recommendations on the application of German accepted group
accounting principles ,
2. the provision of advice to the Federal Ministry of Justice on accounting regulations
and
3. representation of the Federal Republic of Germany in international standardsetting bodies
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
Data source: http://www.standardsetter.de/drsc/news/news_eng.php
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
德國-除IFRIC外另行成立之解釋單位(cont’)
• Which enterprises have to apply German Accounting Standards?
– Enterprises preparing consolidated financial statements in accordance with
the German Commercial Code (HGB) should apply German Accounting
Standards (GAS).
– Enterprises whose securities are publicly traded and which have their
domicile in the European Union have to prepare consolidated financial
statements complying with IFRS for financial years beginning after 31
December 2004.
– As from then onwards, all these enterprises are exempted from applying the
German Accounting Standards (GAS). However, enterprises applying
international accounting principles shall continue to apply German
Accounting Standards (GAS) to the extent international accounting
principles do not include any requirements. This holds especially for the
German Accounting Standards concerning risk reporting and management
reporting (GAS 5 and GAS 15).
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
Data source: http://www.standardsetter.de/drsc/news/news_eng.php
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- EU-endorsed IFRS
•In the UK, there is the option for non-listed entities to
either apply UK GAAP or EU endorsed IFRS. Listed
entities need to apply EU-endorsed IFRS.
•The only difference between IFRS and EU-endorsed IFRS
is in relation to EU-endorsed carve out version of IAS 39
where there is a difference in relation to Hedge
Accounting.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- EU-endorsed IFRS
EU-endorsed IFRS
• There is no interpretation of IFRS in the EU other than endorsed IFRIC interpretations.
• There is a mechanism established to endorse each IFRS and IFRIC for use in EU.
– This process has both a technical level and a political level. The technical merits of
each IFRS and IFRIC interpretation are considered by the European Financial
Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) which is a private sector body. EFRAG makes
recommendations to the Accounting Regulatory Committee (ARC).
– The Chairman of the UK Accounting Standards Board participates in the work of the
Technical Expert Group (TEG) of EFRAG, as an observer with full rights to participate
in debates.
– ARC comprises representatives of the member state governments of the EU and
advises the Commission. The UK is represented by BERR (previously the DTI).
– The final decision on endorsement is formally made by the European Commission.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國-除發布解釋函以外之正式處理機制
UK GAAP
• For the UK, there is no IFRS interpretation body but the UK Accounting
Standards Board(ASB) is moving UK GAAP to an IFRS copy situation (IFRS
convergence). The UK ASB established the Urgent Issues Task Force (UITF) to
assist it in areas where a UK GAAP or Companies Act provision exists, but
where unsatisfactory or conflicting interpretations have developed or seem
likely to develop. The results of the UITF's deliberations on a subject are
promulgated by means of published Abstracts. The UITF is independent from
IFRS body and can make its own decision.
• Financial Reporting Review Panel (FRRP) was established in 1990 as part the
Financial Reporting Council. The Panel seeks to ensure that the provision of
financial information by public and large private companies complies with
relevant accounting requirements The FRRP issues a year end hot issue
report in Autumn. Despite not being an interpretation it would give UK
companies a view of the focus the UK enforcement agency will take in their
review work.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- UK UITF
List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)
• There are 46 Abstracts issued in all with only 8 issued since 2005.
UITF Abstract
Topic
Issue date
UITF Abstract 46
(IFRIC
Interpretation 16)
Hedges of a Net Investment in a
Foreign Operation
23 October 2008
UITF Abstract 45
(IFRIC
Interpretation 6)
Liabilities arising from Participating 13 February 2007
in a Specific Market - Waste
Electrical and Electronic
Equipment
UITF Abstract 44
(IFRIC Interpretations 11) 'FRS 20
(IFRS 2) - Group and Treasury
Share Transactions’
02 February 2007
UITF Abstract 43
The interpretation of equivalence
for the purposes of section 228A
of the Companies Act 1985
23 October 2006
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- UK UITF
List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)
UITF Abstract
Topic
Issue date
UITF Abstract 42
Reassessment of Embedded
Derivatives
07 April 2006
UITF Abstract 41
Scope of FRS 20 (IFRS 2)
07 April 2006
UITF Abstract 40
Revenue recognition and service
contracts
10 March 2005
UITF Abstract 39
Members' Shares in Co-operative
Entities and Similar Instruments
10 February 2005
UITF Abstract 38
Accounting for ESOP trusts
15 December 2003
UITF Abstract 37
Purchases and sales of own shares
28 October 2003
UITF Abstract 36
Contracts for sales of capacity
27 March 2003
UITF Abstract 35
Death-in-service and incapacity
benefits
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights
reserved.
21 May 2002
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- UK UITF
List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)
UITF Abstract
Topic
Issue date
UITF Abstract 34
Pre-contract costs
21 May 2002
UITF Abstract 33
Obligations in capital instruments
14 February 2002
UITF Abstract 32
Employee benefit trusts and other
intermediate payment
arrangements
13 December 2001
UITF Abstract 31
Exchanges of businesses or other
non-monetary assets for an
interest in a subsidiary, joint
venture or associate
18 October 2001
UITF Abstract 30
Date of award to employees of
shares or rights to shares
15 March 2001
UITF Abstract 29
Website development costs
22 February 2001
UITF Abstract 28
Operating lease incentives
22 February 2001
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- UK UITF
List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)
UITF Abstract
Topic
Issue date
UITF Abstract 27
Revision to estimates of the useful
economic life of goodwill and
intangible assets
08 December 2000
UITF Abstract 26
Barter transactions for advertising
09 November 2000
UITF Abstract 25
National Insurance contributions
on share option gains
27 July 2000
UITF Abstract 24
Accounting for start-up costs
22 June 2000
UITF Abstract 23
Application of the transitional
rules in FRS 15
Issued on 18 May 2000
UITF Abstract 22
The acquisition of a Lloyd's
business
11 June 1998
UITF Abstract 21
Accounting issues arising from the
proposed introduction of the euro
05 March 1998
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- UK UITF
List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)
UITF Abstract
Topic
UITF Abstract 20
Year 2000 issues: accounting and
disclosures Withdrawn by UITF
Abstract dated 27 July 2000 (see
UITF Information Sheet 41)
UITF Abstract 19
Tax on gains and losses on foreign 20 February 1998
currency borrowings that hedge an
investment in a foreign enterprise
UITF Abstract 18
Pensions costs following the 1997
tax changes in respect of dividend
income
12 May 1997
UITF Abstract 17
Employee share schemes
15 December 2003
UITF Abstract 16
Income and expenses subject to
non-standard rates of tax
Superseded by FRS 16
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
Issue date
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- UK UITF
List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)
UITF Abstract
Topic
Issue date
UITF Abstract 15
Disclosure of substantial
acquisitions
30 January 1996
UITF Abstract 14
Disclosure of changes in
accounting policy Superseded by
FRS 18
UITF Abstract 13
Accounting for ESOP Trusts
Superseded by UITF Abstract 38
UITF Abstract 12
Superseded by UITF Abstract 28
UITF Abstract 11
Capital instruments: issuer call
options
UITF Abstract 10
Disclosure of directors’ share
options Withdrawn by UITF
Abstract dated 19 December 2002
(see UITF Information Sheet 57)
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
29 September 1994
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- UK UITF
List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)
UITF Abstract
Topic
Issue date
UITF Abstract 9
Accounting for operations in
hyper-inflationary economies
09 June 1993
UITF Abstract 8
Repurchase of own debt
Superseded by FRS 4
UITF Abstract 7
Superseded by FRS 18
UITF Abstract 6
Superseded by FRS 17
UITF Abstract 5
Transfers from current assets to
fixed assets
Issued on 22 July 1992
UITF Abstract 4
Presentation of long-term debtors
in current assets
Issued on 22 July 1992
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
©2008 Deloitte & Touche
英國- UK UITF
List of UK UITF issued (http://www.frc.org.uk/asb/uitf/abstracts.cfm)
UITF Abstract
Topic
UITF Abstract 3
Treatment of goodwill on disposal
of a business Superseded by FRS
10
UITF Abstract 2
Restructuring costs Superseded by
FRS 3
UITF Abstract 1
Convertible bonds – supplemental
interest/premium Superseded by
FRS 4
©2008 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved.
Issue date
©2008 Deloitte & Touche