This project is funded by the European Union
Projekat finansira Evropska Unija
TOPICS ADDRESSED IN
DEVELOPMENT OF
EXTERNAL EMERGENCY
PLANS (EEP) IN GREECE
Antony Thanos
Ph.D. Chem. Eng.
antony.thanos@gmail.com
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium
Projekat realizuje Human Dynamics Konzorcijum
• Basic framework on External Emergency Planning
 Developed in last half of 90s, for 3 major industrial
areas of Greece, included :
o Main structure of External Emergency Plan Document
o Emergency Zones definition and extent
• Development of External Emergency Plans
 During 2004-2005, 100 External Emergency Plans
developed with EU funding, at 24 different
prefectures
 Development by consortium of private companies in
close collaboration with Authorities and Seveso
establishments
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Emergency Zones definition and extent
 Typically, standardized endpoints (usually up to 3 levels
at EU members) defined by Authorities for Emergency
Zones, different per accident effects categories:
o thermal radiation
o overpressure
o toxic dispersion
 Definition of Emergency Zones endpoints must take into
account expected extents :
 Unrealistic situations with huge emergency zones
must be avoided (unrealistic emergency response)
 Most hard case: toxics dispersion
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Emergency Zones definition and extent (cont.)
 Basic element of EEP as providing the basis for
expected effects and protection actions
Emergency Zones
Endpoints
Emergency Zones
Extent calculation
(Safety Report)
External
Emergency
Plan
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Emergency Zones definition and extent (cont.)
 Extent of Emergency Zones to be calculated in
Safety Report
 Requirement by Authorities for Presentation of
Emergency Zones and Domino effects Zone in maps
in Safety Reports
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Emergency Zones example (Greece case)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Emergency and Domino Zones Maps example in
Safety Report
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Sources required for EEP Preparation
 Safety Reports (establishment and potentially Safety
Reports from neighbouring establishment)
 Area information
o maps
o information on special interest/vulnerable places
(schools, hospitals, elderly houses, campings, hotels,
prisons, sport installations- stadiums etc.)
 location (for inclusion in maps), contact
personnel, phone
 operating time, period
 capacities
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Sources required for EEP Preparation (cont.)
 Authorities information
o Involved agencies (location, contact points, 24hour phones)
o Resources available (quantities per type)
Very important topic. Facilities for
temporarily shelter of people, in case of
evacuation, have to be defined.
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Structure of EEP Document
• Section I - Introduction
• Section II - Establishment Data
• Section III - Accident Mitigation Plan
• Appendixes
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• EEP Section I – Introduction
I.1 Distribution Table
I.2 Revisions Table
I.3 Classified material statements
I.4 Abbreviations/Definitions
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• EEP Section II – Establishment Data (cont.)
ΙΙ.1 Establishment identity (address, contact points/personnel
along with 24-hour phones, number of personnel present –
daily/ shift personnel-, working hours etc.)
ΙΙ.2 Establishment location and surrounding area (dwellings,
industries, transportation routes etc.)
ΙΙ.3 Hazardous substances (substances –identity, quantities - in
Upper Tier limits)
ΙΙ.4 Units and storage areas
ΙΙ.5 Buildings – Aux. areas – other installations
ΙΙ.6 Detection and mitigation measures, medical facilities
ΙΙ.7 Fire-fight water (sources, pumps)
ΙΙ.8 Information on Safety Report (revision table)
ΙΙ.9 Hazards from Establishment (list of scenarios, including
location, substance involved, effects type)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• EEP Section II – Establishment Data (cont.)
 High standardized form/template
 Basic material for completion: Safety Report
 Could be asked to be filled by the
Establishment
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• EEP Section ΙΙΙ – Accident Mitigation Plan (cont.)
III.x
III.x.1
III.x.2
III.x.3
Accident category x (x=1, 2,..)
Accident Description
Consequences estimation
Early warning for accident to Authorities and Authorities
activation sequence
III.x.4 Operations Command & Control
III.x.5 Public protection actions
III.x.6 Alert to public / Information to public
III.x.7 Safety of Emergency Responders
III.x.8 Public Health and Medical Support
III.x.9 Technical Support
III.x.10 Accident Log
III.x.11 Post-accident actions
III.x.12 Short Action List
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• EEP Appendixes
A Emergency Agencies (address, phones/FAX day/24-hour for
agencies and phones day/24-hour for agencies heads and
adjuncts)
1. Agencies for Emergency Operations (scene/field)
Civil Protection Secretariat (central government)
Fire Brigade (region, local level departments)
Police (region, local level departments)
Port Police (region, local level departments)
Ambulance Services
2. Regional/prefectural/municipal administration departments
3. Medical services
Administration at central government, and regional levels
Hospitals/Clinics (state and private).
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• EEP Appendixes (cont.)
A Emergency Agencies (cont.)
4. Central government ministries and other support agencies
(power, water supply providers, public transportation agencies
–buses/trains etc.)
5. Military headquarters in region, military installations in
accident area
6. Television stations
7. Radio stations
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• EEP Appendixes (cont.)
B Accident Mitigation Resources per agency at local/prefecture
level
 Human resources
 Equipment
o emergency response vehicles (per type especially for
fire brigade vehicles)
o scene remote surveillance media (helicopters,
airplanes etc.)
o personnel protection media
o accident mitigation media
o transportation media (buses etc.)
o support equipment (water supply road tankers ,
excavators, trucks)
 Other support resources (locations for temporary shelters)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• EEP Appendixes (cont.)
C Maps/Drawings
 Establishment Layout (from Safety Report)
 Close area Map
 Wide area Map
 Accident Scenarios Maps (one per worst case accident
examined)
 D Safety Data Sheets for substances under concern
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Safety Reports to be used in EEP Preparation
 Safety Reports of establishment related to EEP
o Establishment data
o Accident scenarios
 Potentially Safety Reports from neighbouring
establishment
o due to Domino effects from establishment to
neighbours
o Assessment of potential escalation of initial
accident
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Safety Reports to be used in EEP Preparation
(cont.)
 Problems encountered:
 Unrealistic differences in results for specific type
of accidents (dispersion of SO2 due to fire in fuel
installations). Judgement necessary to assess
who provides realistic estimation.
 Some scenarios were based on outdated IDLH
values. New Emergency Zones calculated by
primary data of concentration (table/graph) in
Safety Reports)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Important !!! For EEP preparation (and implementation)
the accident is considered as happened and can
potentially escalate
o Do not mix EEP with requirements to the
establishment for additional
prevention/mitigation measures.
o Other regulatory procedures deal with this point
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Collection of data on Authorities
 Big challenge to obtain data from several Authorities
agencies
 Contradictory information available, need to check
out data
 Hardest challenge to keep data updated
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Collection of data for Area (mapping up to where ?)
 One guidance is provided by Emergency Zones extent
... but Emergency Zones must have been defined
 Emergency Zones are prone to uncertainty of
consequence analysis. Additional area must be
covered.
 Additional area required also for facilitating decisions
on:
o traffic control
o access routes
o selection of shelters after evacuation
o etc.
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Collection of data for Area (cont.)
 Approach adopted for wide area map:
o Mapping up to radius of 150% of higher Emergency
Zone (Zone 3)
o Minimum case: 4 km radius around establishment
o Typical scale 1:2.500-1:5.000
 Approach adopted for close area map:
o Mapping up to radius of 120% of higher Emergency
Zone (Zone 3)
o Minimum case: 2 km radius around establishment
o Typical scale 1:25.000
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Collection of data for Area (cont.)
 Problems encountered:
 No central Authority for mapping data available
 Poor area maps available in Safety Reports, as typical
maps available to public by State (usually Army
Geography Service) were quite outdated
 In some maps, areas depicted in black (military
installations or critical infrastructure installations
such refineries) (the public eye in the sky –Google
Earth - was not available at that time)
 In some areas close to borders, quite limited maps at
all available, due to military restrictions
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Collection of data for Area (cont.)
 Problems encountered: (cont)
 No unified GIS-background information available
 No special requirements for indication of vulnerable
places in Safety Report maps, neither on mapping
extent
 No organized collection of vulnerable places data by
Authorities, contradictory information available
 Gathering of data required also area surveys and
data verification
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Collection of data for Area (cont.)
 Wide/Close area maps build by GIS application in
which all cartographic background information were
introduced, along with collaborating database (MS
Access) in which information were stored for:
o establishment (location of tanks/units, content,
scenarios, emergency zones)
o vulnerable places (location, contact information,
capacities, working hours)
o authorities agencies (location, contact
information)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Extract of map developed
Seveso sites
Accident
Locations (tanks etc.)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Vulnerable places
Sports facilities
Schools
Elderly houses
Public service
Other
Agencies
Ministry
Police
Fire Brigade
Health service
Municipality office
Army
Other
Road network
Primary
Secondary
Other
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Accident Categories
 Categories selected based on top events (final accidents)
included in Safety Report
 Generic list of top events expected :
o Pool fire
o Fireball (BLEVE)
o Jet flame (only for pipelines)
o UVCE (vapour cloud explosion)
o Toxic dispersion
 No flash fire, as typically ignited before EEP can be
activated
 No jet flame for vessels/tanks, as considered to lead
to fireball
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Accident Categories (cont.)
 For each category of top event, different scenarios
included for :
o tank farm (both tank and dike fire -if applicable-)
o process units area
o pipelines from/to establishment
o movement facilities (road/rail tankers stations,
ports)
 usually not for LPG depots, as accidents in
road/rail tankers can trigger tank accident (even
worse)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Accident Categories (cont.)
 For each scenario included, the worst-case one was
examined based on :
o consequence (protection zones) extent and
o proximity to fence (affecting external area affected),
especially if vulnerable objects are close and
o worst case atmospheric conditions
 For large establishments (petroleum refineries,
petrochemicals, chemical complexes), multiple
worst-cases examined for different areas of
establishments (due to different affected areas)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Accident Categories (cont.)
 Multiple worst-case (BLEVE) example, refinery with
LPG/propylene tanks at different areas of refinery
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Accident Categories (cont.)
 Different worst-case scenarios examined for
different toxics (for example in refineries : SO2
dispersion from tank fire, and H2S dispersion from
failures in sulphur recovery units –Claus)
 Different worst-case scenarios examined for
different storage types of same toxic (for example
ammonia), due to inherent difference in dispersion
mechanisms :
o refrigerated gas
o semi-refrigerated or pressure liquefied gases
toxics
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Accident Description
 Standardised generic description for accident in
such type of establishment (very useful for general
overview of accident characteristics)
o Accident expression (causes, duration, evolution)
o Effects to people/structures (qualitative)
o Domino effects/escalation (qualitative)
o Appropriate mitigation strategy/means/actions
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Consequence estimation
 Scenario data
o Substance involved
o Equipment involved (dimensions)
o Duration
o Other scenario characteristics such as :
 BLEVE : fireball radius
 pool fire : flame length, angle
 atmospheric conditions,
o Important assumptions (for example: full tank
considered)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Consequence estimation (cont.)
 Basis of zones definition, zones extent, BLEVE example
Zone Ι
Emergency
responders
Zone ΙΙ
Population
serious effects
Zone ΙΙΙ
Population
serious effects
Domino effects
1500 TDU
450 TDU
170 TDU
Fireball radius
3rd degree
burns (lethal
effects) to over
50% of
exposed
people
3rd degree
burns to 1% of
exposed people
1st degree
burns to
significant part
of exposed
people
Significant
damage to
buildings,
structures
1110 m
1750 m
2470 m
311 m
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Affected area identification
 Standardized table for each Protection Zone
including:
o Area description
o Transportation routes
o Industries
o Vulnerable places
o Affected authorities places
o Contact information, capacity, operating hours
included
 For Domino Zone, comment of equipment,
industries included
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Affected area identification (cont.)
 Example for LPG depot XYZ
Zone
PROTECTION ZONES IDENTIFICATION
Type
II
Description
Area
Aspropyrgos, main section of Evangelistria settlement
Transportation
routes
Athens-Korinth National Road from Salvation church till 500 m before
Koumoundourou lake
Railroad
New pier of ABC refinery
Name
Industries
Refinery ABC
(administration
building, west tank
farm),
Address
Tel/FAX
Capacity
Operating
hours
16th km National
Road AthensKorinth, 19300,
Aspropyrgos
21056789123,
FAX: 21057924680
950
5-days (07:0016:00)
400
Other
….
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Affected area identification (cont.)
 Example for LPG depot XYZ
Zone
II
PROTECTION ZONES IDENTIFICATION
Type
Description
Name
Vulnerable
places
Address
Tel/FAX
Capacity
1700
Navy Academy
17th km National
Road AthensKorinth, 19300,
Aspropyrgos
2105671234567
FAX: 21057924680
2nd High school
Pericles and
Aristeidis str.
19300,
Aspropyrgos
2105679876543
FAX:
2105671253642
This Project is funded
by the European Union
174
Operating
hours
07:00-15:00
Other hours
very limited
people
Morning
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Affected area identification (cont.)
 Example for LPG depot XYZ
ZONE
DOMINO
DOMINO ZONE IDENTIFICATION
The whole of XYZ establishment
Refinery ABC : tanks P-8810 P-8811, P-8812, P-8813, P-8814, P-8819
Greek Steel Factory
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Accident Map
 Build by the former GIS application, along with the
collaborating database (MS Access)
 Both protection and Domino Zones presented
 Pre-defined ready layouts for the worst case
scenarios examined in EEP
 Every accident scenario included in Safety Report
can be presented in GIS application
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Early warning of accident
 Crucial point, as initiating event for triggering
activation of External Emergency Plan
 One-call approach adopted : call to Fire Brigade
emergency service number
 Exception: only one prefecture where authorities
insisted on multiple calls (to Fire Brigade, Police and
Ambulance emergency numbers)
 Please take into account that the caller has the fire
running after him, no time for multiple calls
 Standardised template for early warning message to
be provided
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Early warning message template
1
Establishment name
2
Caller data (name, position)
3
Time of accident initiation
4
Type of event (fire, explosion, leak,
combination)
5
Event location (process, tank, warehouse)
6
Event severity (A-simple, B-significant, C-very
serious)
7
Involved substances
8
Substances quantity (if known or estimation)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Early warning message template accident (cont.)
9
Effects in establishment (casualties, secondary
events)
10 Effects outside establishment (known or
expected)
11 Actions for event control (applied)
12 Establishment needs (e.g. materials, media
etc.)
13 Phone number or verification call code
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Authorities activation sequence
 First step, verification of call with call-back and/or
checking of caller data in EEP
 Description of sequence of calls (who calls who) for
activation of all involved agencies in order to :
o activate all involved agencies
o start of operation of administrative instruments
(prefectural coordination committee)
o multiple level sequences, initially spread through
different services, then top to down
o sequence of calls presented in tables
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Authorities activation sequence (cont.)
 1st level
Caller
Receiving agencies (phones in Appendix A)
Local Fire Brigade station
Fire Brigade emergency
service office
Police emergency service
Medical emergency service (ambulance
service)
•Prefecture Civil Protection Head
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Authorities activation sequence (cont.)
 2nd level
Caller
Receiving agencies (phones in Appendix A)
Prefecture Civil Protection
Head
Prefect
Central Government Civil Protection
Secretariat
Fire Brigade emergency
service office
Additional Fire Brigade station for backup
Police emergency service
Police stations in area
Poad traffic control stations in area
Medical emergency service
(ambulance service)
Ambulances in shift
Hospitals in area
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Authorities activation sequence (cont.)
 3nd level
Caller
Prefecture Civil
Protection Head
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Receiving agencies (phones in Appendix A)
Members of Prefecture Coordination Committee
:
Prefecture Technical Services head
Prefecture Public Health head
….
Police head in area
Fire Brigade head in area
….
Region Civil Protection head
….
Army Commander in area
….
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Command and Control
 Typically, hierarchy structure and mission defined by
legislation
 Major gap encountered: No scene (operations)
commander (commander of all emergency
responders in accident area) foreseen in legislation.
 Considered as absolutely necessary for coordination
of actions in accident area between emergency
responder teams (fire brigade, police, medical
services etc.)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Command and Control
 Proposal for scene commander: Top officer of Fire
Brigade on scene.
 Why Fire Brigade ??? Most probably the most
knowledgeable from emergency responders on
hazards from accident and potential escalation risks
 Operations Command and Control centres
 Central government (Civil Protection Secretariat
premises)
 Regional (prefectural level where Prefectural
Coordination Committee operates, prefecture
premises)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Command and Control (cont.)
 Important issue to be considered : Local Operations
Command and Control centre
o Rather close to accident area, but in safe distance
o To be used by :
 Scene Commander
 Emergency Response Team heads
 Representative of establishment
 Representative of Prefect and
 Representatives of Municipalities
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Command and Control (cont.)
 Communication networks for :
o between scene responder groups
o from scene responder group to headquarters,
o from scene area to Command and Control Centres
 Different radio communication frequencies for each
emergency responder group on scene
 Common frequency in to be used only upon agreement
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Public warning and information to the Public
 Predefined standard messages templates for :
o simple warning (no protection measures required)
scene responder groups
o shelter in place instructions
o preparation of evacuation
o public evacuation order
o schools evacuation order
o medical services evacuation order
o other vulnerable places evacuation order
o end of accident message
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Public warning and information to the Public (cont.)
 Example for shelter in place message
From :
•Date/time of send : __________________________________________________
•Contact phone : _______________________________________________________
•The Agency _____________has declared the area close to industry __________in state of
emergency.
•A ______________ has happened in the industry _____________ . In order to avoid exposure to
danger, we ask you to keep indoors and to close doors, windows, air condition equipment and fans
___________________________________________________________________________
•This is addressed to all within a zone of radius of _____ m around industry
_____________________, i.e. till _________________________________
•Please remain indoors till further instructions are provided.
•Emergency responders have already been to the event location. Till now, no evacuation is
required. Keep informed in radio station ________________ and in TV station ____________ for
further instructions.
•The Agency _______________ keeps monitoring and evaluating the situation. For any news, we
will inform you promptly..
•
The Author
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Public warning and information to the Public (cont.)
 Additional instructions that could be provided for shelter
in place :
o Close all external and as many as possible internal doors
o Close and lock windows
o In case of fire or explosion, close windows and shutters,
stay away from window in order to avoid injuries from
glass fragments
o Close all air conditioners (including air nitakes –if
applicable), ventilation port (as in bathrooms), fans, cook
hood extractors and any heating system
o Seal as mush as possible any gas or holes with for
wrapping materials (plastic, aluminum foil), waxed paper,
adhesive tape
o Close fireplace dampers
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Public warning and information to the Public (cont.)
 Additional instructions that could be provided for shelter
in place : (cont.)
o Not to use elevator (action of sucking air from building
external)
o Perhaps better relocation to upper or lower floors
(depending on case)
o In case of dispersion water soluble substances, use of wet
rug for even better protection (scrubbing inhaled air)
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Public warning and information to the Public (cont.)
 Warning and information media :
o Mass Media (TV, radio-essential when electric power supply
is stopped in area) for general public
o Telephone calls to vulnerable places within protection
zones (by Prefecture or preferably by Police emergency
service especially at early stage of accident). Regular
update of information to vulnerable place must be
foreseen.
o Loudspeakers on vehicles if possible, and only as initial
warning in area close to accident.
o Door to door only for very close area and taking into
account emergency responders protection equipment (i.e.
no heat resistant uniform for police personnel).
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Emergency Responders Safety
 Approach to establishment
o At least 2 access routes proposed
o Guidelines for approach included (for example,
approach downwind/crosswind for toxics or for notignited LPG)
 Emergency responders safety equipment
o Based on type of accident (thermal radiation, toxic)
and typology of personnel safety equipment of Fire
Brigade
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Emergency Responders Safety (cont.)
o Zone I : excludes all responders without protection
equipment, as immediate death is expected.
Typically affects police and medical service
personnel
o Zone II-III : for toxic dispersion, emergency
responders should not enter without protective
equipment or they should remain for limited time,
as zones definition is set for exposure time of 30
min. Traffic control should be set outside Zone III
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Short Action List
 Table with summary of actions and responsible agencies
Nr
Action
Responsible
1
Early warning by establishment to Fire Brigade
emergency service
Establishment
2
Authorities Alert 1st level
Verification of establishment alert
Fire Brigade
emergency service
3
Identification/verification of situation at site
incident at Decision of initial protection actions
and information to the public in close area
Scene commander
…
….
…
25 Population return and transportation routes
reopening
Prefecture
26 Final accident report
Prefecture Civil
Protection office
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium
• Highly important issues
• Keep updated all data (maps, installation, area,
authorities)
o Procedure must be established so that periodic
review of EEP is carried out
o Land use Planning and building permits must
be connected with EEP, among others for update
of EEP
This Project is funded
by the European Union
Project implemented by Human
Dynamics Consortium