Deviance and Social Control
Module 23
Social Control
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Social control: Techniques and
strategies employed for preventing
deviant human behavior in any society
Module 23
Social Control
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Sanctions: penalties and rewards for
conduct concerning a social norm
Module 23
Conformity and Obedience
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Conformity: Going along with peers who
have no special right to direct behavior
Obedience: Compliance with higher
authorities in an hierarchical structure
Module 23
Informal and
Formal Social Control
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Informal social control: Used
casually to enforce norms
Formal social control: Carried
out by authorized agents

Insert Video (Formal and informal social
control)
Module 23
Law and Society
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Some norms are so important to a
society that they are formalized into laws
Module 24
What is Deviance?
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Deviance: Behavior that violates
the standards of conduct or
expectations of a group or society
Module 24
Functionalist Perspective
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Durkheim’s Legacy
– Punishments established within
a culture help define acceptable
behavior and contribute to stability
Module 24
Functionalist Perspective
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Merton’s Theory of Deviance
– Anomie Theory of Deviance: How people
adapt in certain ways by conforming to
or by deviating from cultural expectations
• Conformist
• Innovator
• Ritualist
• Retreatist
• Rebel
Module 24
Interactionist Perspective
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Cultural Transmission Theory
– Cultural transmission: Humans learn
how to behave in social situations,
whether properly or improperly
Module 24
Interactionist Perspective
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Social Disorganization Theory:
Increases in crime and
deviance attributed to absence
or breakdown of communal
relationships and social institutions
Module 24
Interactionist Perspective
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Labeling Theory: Attempts to
explain why some people are viewed
as deviants while others are not; also
known as societal-reaction approach
Module 24
Conflict Theory
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People with power protect their own
interests and define deviance to suit
their needs
Module 25
Crime
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Crime: Violation of criminal law
for which some governmental
authority applies formal penalties
Index crimes
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Murder
Rape
Robbery
Assault
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Burglary
Theft
Motor vehicle theft
Arson

Insert Video (24)
Module 25
Types of Crime
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Sociologists classify crimes in
terms of how they are committed
and how society views the offenses
Victimless crimes
Professional crime
Organized crime
White-collar and technology-based crime
Transnational crime
Module 25
Types of Crime
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Victimless crimes: Willing
exchange among adults of widely
desired, but illegal, goods and services
Professional crime: Many people
make a career of illegal activities
– Professional criminal: Person who
pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation
Module 25
Types of Crime
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Organized crime: Group that
regulates relations between
various criminal enterprises
involved in illegal activities
– Dominates world of illegal
business just as large corporations
dominate conventional businesses
– Serves as means of upward
mobility for groups of people
struggling to escape poverty
Module 25
Types of Crime
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White Collar and
Technology-Based Crime
– White Collar crime: Illegal acts committed
in the course of business activities
– Computer crime: Use of high technology to
carry out embezzlement or electronic fraud
– Corporate crime: Any act by a corporation
that is punishable by the government
Module 25
Types of Crime
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Transnational Crime
– Crime that occurs across multiple
national borders
International crime spans the globe
Module 25
Table 25-1: Types of Transnational Crime
SOURCE: http://bccphil.com/uploadfiles/file/PSA%20%20Philippines%20Monthly%20Crime%20Report%20-%20October%202011.pdf
Modus Operandi in Manila
Sneaky Office Intruders

Scene of the crime: Thieves go to offices with
no or little security measures, especially during
breaks or when there is nobody in the office.

Plan of attack: They pretend as friends of
employees, visitors, or messengers.
http://pro9.pnp.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=459:top-10-modus-operandi-of-the-most-common-crimes-in-manila-and-otherareas-in-the-philippines&catid=55:crime-prevention-tips&Itemid=82
ATM (Automated Teller Machine) Scams

Scene of the crime: They stay near ATM and
they do different things just to earn money as
quick as they can.

Plan of attack: They use different technologies
to be able to access somebody else’s ATM
account.
The Zesto Gang

Scene of the crime: They perform their
operations inside a bus. They use distraction,
confusion and intimidation to be able to get
what they want from the passengers.

Plan of attack: They pretend to be conductors
of the buses. However they also confuse the
passengers by also pretending to be selling
juice packs.
Airport Ambush

Scene of the crime: Thieves target arriving
airport passengers. They will chase and stop you
along the way.

Plan of attack: Their target is actually your car and
they operate at dawn.
Test Drive Threat

Scene of the crime: They will pretend as car
buyers and they will test drive the cars and
steal them at gunpoint.

Plan of attack: Fake buyers will ask for a test
drive. With you around, they will drive the car
to secluded spaces and will ask you to go out
by force and threat.
Backstage Burglars

Scene of the crime: They target shows and
concerts. They usually stay backstage or
inside the dressing rooms. Because people
are busy, nobody will be able to notice
criminal behavior backstage.

Plan of attack: Thieves pretend as aide or
utility personnel. They take whatever they
see or want and unnoticeably shun away
from the area.
Salisi Gang

Scene of the crime: They thrive
everywhere especially in crowded areas
like malls, restaurants, fast food chains,
bars, etc. They wait until their target gets
distracted.

Plan of attack: They dress formally and
they divert the attention of their victims
until they get distracted and move for the
kill.
Dugo-Dugo Gang
 Scene
of the crime: They usually
target rich families.
 Plan
of attack: They target
households and they intrude
especially when the only one around
is the house help.
Budol-Budol Gang

Scene of the crime: They use hypnosis and fake
money.

Plan of attack: They use fake money to be able
to gain the resources they want to have (e.g.,
changing fake money to real ones).
Philippine Laws
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Criminal Law
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Civil Law
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Criminal-violation of the penal statutes (e.g.,
rape, theft, arson, murder, robbery, swindling,
rebellion, illegal possession of firearms and
drugs, issuing bouncing cheque, etc.)

Civil- personal dealings which result into
damages or failure to adhere to obligations
and contracts. For example, non payment of
rents, failure to deliver goods and services,
etc.
Laws
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Revised Penal Code of the Philippines
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Civil Code of the Philippines
Example of Criminal Case

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. GERON
DE LOS SANTOS Y MARISTELA,
ACCUSED-APPELLANT.

http://www.chanrobles.com/cralaw/2
012januarydecisions.php?id=13
Example of Civil Case

http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/ap
r2010/gr_161838_2010.html

We use the court to decide whether an
individual is found guilty or not of a crime
punishable by law.

Insert video (Boston Legal)
Assignment

Cut two news articles from the newspaper
(any newspaper, any date of issue) that you
think talk about or are related to deviancy
and crime.

Search and print related Philippine laws that
would address/solve/punish the crime or
deviant behavior described in the two news
articles (Chan-Robles Virtual Law Office)

Bring these materials on Thursday.