E2467
Vietnam – New Model Universities Project
Environmental Impact Assessment
and
Environmental Action Plan
Vietnam – New Model University Project
Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Action Plan
Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 7
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION...................................................................................... 13
1.1. Brief history of the project ................................................................................... 13
1.2. Scope of EIA ........................................................................................................ 13
1.3. Methodology ........................................................................................................ 13
1.4. Limitations ........................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .............. 15
2.1. Vietnam EIA Legislation ..................................................................................... 15
2.2. National Technical Standard on Environment ..................................................... 15
2.3. Other Vietnamese relevant regulation on environmental protection and
construction .......................................................................................................... 16
2.4. World Bank Operation Manual on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01) ......... 16
2.5. Legal documents of project .................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER 3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................... 19
3.1. Name of project .................................................................................................... 19
3.2. Planned development phases of VGU project ..................................................... 19
3.3. Project stakeholders ............................................................................................. 19
3.4. The VGU Consortium .......................................................................................... 19
3.5. Governance and Organisation .............................................................................. 21
3.6. Development of VGU staff .................................................................................. 23
3.7. VGU Study Programs and students intakes (2009 – 2030) ................................. 23
3.8. Geographic characteristics ................................................................................... 24
3.9. Land acquisition and Resettlement ...................................................................... 25
3.10. Planned buildings and infrastructures of VGU project ........................................ 25
CHAPTER 4: BASELINE DATA ................................................................................... 36
4.1. Natural conditions ................................................................................................ 36
4.1.1. Climate and Meteorological data .................................................................. 36
4.1.2. Topography ................................................................................................... 37
4.1.3. Geology ......................................................................................................... 37
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4.1.4. Hydrology and water resource ...................................................................... 37
4.1.5. Ecology.......................................................................................................... 38
4.2. Socio –economic conditions ................................................................................ 38
4.3. Infrastructure conditions ...................................................................................... 39
4.4. Current status of environment .............................................................................. 41
4.4.1. Air quality ..................................................................................................... 41
4.4.2. Noise.............................................................................................................. 42
4.4.3. Surface water quality..................................................................................... 42
4.4.4. Ground water quality..................................................................................... 43
4.4.5. Soil quality .................................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ..................................................... 45
5.1. Environmental impacts during land preparation phase........................................ 45
5.2. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction phase .... 46
5.2.1. Air quality ..................................................................................................... 46
5.2.2. Noise and vibration ....................................................................................... 47
5.2.3. Community, utility and traffic disturbance ................................................... 50
5.2.4. Water quality ................................................................................................. 51
5.2.5. Solid waste .................................................................................................... 52
5.2.6. Public health and safety risks ........................................................................ 53
5.2.7. Cultural relics ................................................................................................ 54
5.3. Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operational phase ..... 55
5.3.1. Air quality ..................................................................................................... 55
5.3.2. Noise.............................................................................................................. 58
5.3.3. Water use and waste water ............................................................................ 58
5.3.4. Solid waste .................................................................................................... 64
5.3.5. Energy consumption...................................................................................... 68
5.3.6. Public Health and Safety Risk....................................................................... 69
5.4. Integrated environmental management measure (LOTUS) ................................. 70
CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ......................................................... 71
6.1. Alternatives .......................................................................................................... 71
6.2. Analysis of alternatives ........................................................................................ 71
CHAPTER 7: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ... 73
7.1. Requirements of public consultations .................................................................. 73
7.1.1. Requirements of World Bank (OP 4.01) ....................................................... 73
7.1.2. Requirements of Vietnamese regulation (Circular 05/2008/TT-BTNMT) ... 73
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7.2. Methodology of public consultations .................................................................. 73
7.2.1. Methodology for consulting affected people in commune 4, Thoi Hoa ward .
...................................................................................................................... 73
7.2.2. Methodology for consulting People’s Committee and the Fatherland Front
Committee of Thoi Hoa ward ....................................................................... 74
7.3. Results of public consultations ............................................................................ 74
7.3.1. Opinions of affected people in commune 4, Thoi Hoa ward ........................ 74
7.3.2. Opinions of People’s Committee and the Fatherland Front Committee of
Thoi Hoa ward .............................................................................................. 76
7.4. Information disclosure ......................................................................................... 76
7.4.1. Information disclosure following WB requirement (OP 4.01) ..................... 76
7.4.2. Information Disclosure following Vietnam regulation (Circular 05/2008/TTBTNMT) ....................................................................................................... 77
CHAPTER 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................... 78
8.1. Mitigation ............................................................................................................. 78
8.1.1. Compensation measures during land preparation phase ............................... 78
8.1.2. Mitigation measures during construction phase............................................ 79
8.1.3. Mitigation measures during operational phase ............................................. 83
8.2. Environmental monitoring plan ........................................................................... 89
8.3. Commissioning procedures .................................................................................. 90
8.4. Capacity Development and Training ................................................................... 92
8.4.1. Capacity Development and training during construction phase ................... 92
8.4.2. Capacity development and training during operational phase ...................... 92
8.5. Implementation schedule an cost estimates ......................................................... 93
8.5.1. Implementation schedule .............................................................................. 93
8.5.2. Cost estimates ................................................................................................ 93
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Figures
Figure 3.1 VGU Consortium and VGU ............................................................................. 20
Figure 3.2 VGU Governance Structures ........................................................................... 22
Figure 3.3 Development of VGU academic Staff (incl. number of doctoral candidates) . 23
Figure 3.4 Overview of VGU study programs (2009 -2030) ............................................ 24
Figure 5.1 Reduction in vibration when using press-in method instead of other dynamic
piling methods (i.e. diesel hammer or vibratory) ............................................. 49
Figure 5.2 Flow diagram of VGU wastewater treatment process ..................................... 63
Figure 7.1 Affected people’s assessment of the current status of the local environment . 75
Figure 7.2 Affected people’s opinions on the impacts of the project during construction
phase ................................................................................................................. 75
Figure 7.3 Affected people’s opinions on the impacts of the project during operational
phase ................................................................................................................. 76
Tables
Table 3.1 Development of VGU academic staff number .................................................. 23
Table 3.2 Total daily water demand of VGU in phase 1 (2016 -2020) ............................. 28
Table 3.3 Total daily water demand of VGU in phase 2 (2021 -2030) ............................. 29
Table 3.4 Planned buildings and infrastructures for phase 1 ............................................ 33
Table 3.5 Planned buildings and infrastructures for phase 2 ............................................ 34
Table 4.1 Population of seven districts of Binh Duong in period 2001 - 2008 ................. 38
Table 4.2 Sampling results of air quality in the project area ............................................. 41
Table 4.3 Sampling results of noise level in the project area ............................................ 42
Table 4.4 Sampling result of surface water quality in the project area ............................. 42
Table 4.5 Sampling result of groundwater quality in the project area .............................. 43
Table 4.6 Sampling result of soil quality in the project area ............................................. 43
Table 5.1 Examples of typical noise levels from construction equipment ........................ 47
Table 5.2 Real capacity, fuel consumption and emission flow of generators in phase 1 .. 56
Table 5.3 Real capacity fuel consumption, emission flow of generators in phase 2 ........ 56
Table 5.4 Emission factors of emission pollutants from diesel generators ....................... 56
Table 5.5 Emission loads and concentrations of pollutants from generators .................... 57
Table 5.6 Concentrations of pollutants in untreated municipal waste water .................... 59
Table 5.7 National regulation QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT “Domestic wastewater” ........... 60
Table 5.8 Vietnamese standard TCVN 5502:2003 “Domestic water supply quality” ...... 61
Table 5.9 Estimated Daily solid waste generation ............................................................ 64
Table 5.10 Estimation of hazardous wastes in VGU......................................................... 65
Table 6.1 Analysis of alternatives ..................................................................................... 71
Table 8.1 Summarization of significant adverse impacts and mitigation measures during
land preparation phase ..................................................................................... 78
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Table 8.2 Summarization of significant adverse impacts and mitigation measures during
the construction phase ...................................................................................... 79
Table 8.3 VGU Environmental monitoring plan in construction phase (applied for both
construction phase 1 and 2) .............................................................................. 89
Table 8.4 VGU Environmental monitoring plan during operational phase (phase 1 and 2)
.......................................................................................................................... 89
Table 8.5 Investment cost of environmental facilities ...................................................... 93
Table 8.6 Investment cost of environmental wastewater treatment phase 1 ..................... 94
Table 8.7 Investment cost of Waste bins – phase 1........................................................... 95
Table 8.8 Investment cost of Waste bins – phase 2........................................................... 95
Table 8.9 Operational cost of environmental facilities and other mitigation measures .... 95
Table 8.10 Power consumption of Wastewater treatment plant ........................................ 96
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Abbreviation
BIWASE
BMBF
DAAD
Binh Duong Water Supply – Sewerage – Environment Co, Ltd.
Federal Ministry of Education and Research
German Academic Exchange Service
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
DONRE
HMWK
MOET
MONRE
Department of Natural Resources and Environment
Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts, Hessen
Ministry of Education and Training
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
IRP
VGBC
VGU
WB
WHO
Industrial and Residential Park
Vietnam Green Building Council
Vietnamese German University
World Bank
World Health Organization
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
The Vietnamese German University is the first international Vietnamese State University
jointly set up with a partner country, namely Germany. VGU was founded in accordance
with the “Letter of Intention”, signed on 21st May 2007, and the “Joint Declaration on
the Cooperation for the Establishment of the Vietnamese - German University”, signed in
Hanoi on 29th February 2008 between MOET and HMWK. It received its operational
decree on September 1, 2008 and it was officially opened on September 10, 2008.
The institutional development of VGU is planned in three phases:
2009 – 2015: Start-Up Phase (short-term planning perspective)
2016 – 2020: First Operational Phase (medium-term planning perspective)
2021 – 2030: Second Operational Phase (long-term planning perspective).
In the start-up phase, VGU stays on the campus ground of the National University Ho
Chi Minh City in its renovated transitional building in Thu Duc district of Ho Chi Minh
City.
From the first operational phase, a new 50 ha area university and campus will be
developed in My Phuoc 4 Industrial and residential Park (IP) of Binh Duong province.
This is the scope of this environmental impact assessment (EIA).
POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
Main policy and regulation frame work applied for the EIA process consists of:
- Law on Environmental Protection 2005 (Revised law).
- Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP and Decree No.81/2006/ ND-CP dated 9 August,
2006 of the Government on detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of
articles of the Law on Environmental Protection.
- Decree No. 21/2008/ND-CP dated 28 Feb, 2008 of the Government on
modification and supplementation of several articles of Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP
dated 09 August 2008 providing detailed for implementation of Law on Environment
Protection No. 52/2005/QH11.
- Circular No. 05/2008/TT-BTNMT dated 08 Dec, 2006 of the Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment on providing instruction of environmental strategic
assessment, environmental impact assessment, and environmental protection
commitment.
- Relevant Vietnamese standard (TCVN) and National Regulation (QCVN)
- World bank guidelines on EIA (OP 4.01).
Legal documents of project:
Decision No. 1196/QĐ-TTg dated 1 September 2008 of the Prime Minister on
VGU’s establishment.
Document No. 155/TTg-KTN dated 22 January of the Prime Minister on arranging
land for constructing VGU campus in Ben Cat district, Binh Duong province.
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PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Name of Project
Vietnamese German University
Clusters and student intakes planning
- Start-up phase (2009 -2015): 4 clusters, 2000 students
- First level operational phase (2016 -2020): 7 clusters, 5000 students
- Second level operational phase (2021 – 2030): 13 clusters , 12,000 students,
Project site
The project site is an area of about 50 ha in Thoi Hoa Industrial and Residential Park
(IRP) which located on the trunk road (National Highway 13) of Ben Cat District, the
northern part of Binh Duong Province.
The site borders ring road 4 on the north, existing residential area on the south and
southeast, National Highway 13 on the northeast and D4 road (internal road of My Phuoc
4 IP) on the west. On the other side of D4 road, there will be a new residential project.
Land acquisition and resettlement
The original land of THoi Hoa IRP and the project in particular is agricultural land which
were mainly planted industrial trees such as rubber, cashew nut and paddy field. The land
is planned to become IRP by Binh Duong province. Therefore the investor of the IP,
Becamex, has already finish all resettlement, relocation and compensation procedure
following resettlement regulation of Vietnam.
Planned buildings and infrastructures
Construction is divided into two phases:
- Phase 1: 2012 -2015
- Phase 2: 2018 -2020
Generally, the main buildings of the project comprise of:
- Academic research and teaching facilities
- Student housing
- Academic village(professor area)
- Food court
- Convenience area
- Sports center and stadium
- Science park
About basic infrastructures, there will be water, power supply networks, waste water
drainage and treatment system, internal roads and bridge, sidewalk and parking.
BASELINE DATA
Natural conditions
Located in Binh Duong province, the project is affected by the tropical monsoon climate.
Climate of Binh Duong is quite calm. Flooding and storm rarely occur. A year is divided
into two distinct seasons: rainy season usually from May to November and dry season
from December to April of next year.
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Binh Duong’s average height ranges from 6-60 m so land of Binh Duong is rarely
flooded excepted some low lands located along Sai Gon and Dong Nai rivers.
The original land of Thoi Hoa IRP and the project in particular is agricultural land which
were mainly planted industrial trees such as rubber and cashew nut and paddy field.
Social economic conditions
The project site does not locate in the sensitive area of minorities. No important cultural
relics in Thoi Hoa ward where the project site is located
Located in Thoi Hoa IRP, the project will be facilitated by existing and planned
infrastructures in and around the IRP. At the time of preparing this report, the
infrastructures in Thoi Hoa IRP are in the early stage of construction.
- The site is located at the corner of the National highway 13 and Ring road 4.
- Electric supply: an existing nation grid (22 KV) runs along highway 13 from Ben Cat
– My Phuoc transformer station.
- Water supply system: the water mains will be install by Binh Duong water supply sewerage - environment Co., Ltd (BIWASE) in the next year. Based upon the master plan
at scale 1/2000, a Ø200 water main system located along the southeast side of D9 road.
- A Ø300 existing main sanitary sewer located along the southeast side of D9 road and
a Ø200 existing sanitary sewer main located along the Northeast side of Ring road 4
managed by BIWASE.
Current status of environment
The current environment is slightly polluted by the construction, domestic and traffic
activities.
- Dust exceeds standard in ¾ sampling points.
- Noise exceeds standard in 1 point which is near traffic source in highway 13.
- Waste water polluted by coliform (double the standard) originated from domestic
wastewater.
- Groundwater and soil are not yet contaminated.
ENVIRONMNETAL ASSESSMENT
Impacts and compensation measure during land preparation phase
The main impacts in this phase are land consumption, resettlement, ecology loss and
unemployment. Besides, the clearance and demolishing activities cause a lot of dust and
other pollutants in the air.
The land preparation activities have been done by Becamex. Hence, this report does not
propose mitigation measure for the impacts of the clearance and demolishing activities.
However, the compensation measures for ecology loss and income loss will be proposed.
In phase 1 of construction, re-vegetation will be done in order to compensate tree
loss due to site clearance. Specifically, the total green area of the project will be 306,168
m2. The types of trees planted will be carefully considered in order to be suitable with
local conditions.
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VGU will prioritize to employing and training affected people from neighborhood
to do some non –academic jobs inside VGU such as cleaning service, dinning and
kitchen, etc.
Impacts and mitigation measures during construction phase
Air quality, noise and vibration
The operation of construction equipment and transport vehicles and the construction
methods employed during construction phase will likely cause significant air pollution
(dust, SO2, NOx, CO), noise and vibration which can disturb communities and structure
near the site.
To control the impact, the following mitigation measures are envisaged:
Install temporal walls or barriers;
Locate entrance to the site on ring road 4;
Good transport regulation;
Use new and modern machines;
Combine noisy operations to occur in the same time period;
Equip silencer for engines;
Avoid nighttime construction.
Water quality (ground and surface)
Ground and surface water pollution may result from run off which contains solid waste
and wastewater and from the accidental spillage of fuel, lubricants and other chemicals.
Furthermore, increased soil erosion and dust and sand at construction sites, sediment rich
water pumped out of excavated points may lead to increased turbidity in surface
watercourses.
Mitigation measures comprises of:
Employ local workers to reduce wastewater.
Provide adequate washing and toilet facilities with septic tanks and appropriate
refuse collection and disposal system.
Clean the site daily
Good management of construction
Sign contract with functioned company to dispose solid, hazardous and toilet
waste.
Solid waste
A large amount of municipal waste and spoils (excavated soil) will be generated.
Hazardous waste such as oils, greases and chemicals may leak or be disposed from
construction machines. However, the quantities will be negligible.
Mitigation measures comprises of:
Provide waste bins on sites and in labor camps
Collect and store hazardous waste in separate with other waste.
Reuse 70% of spoils for backfilling the buildings’ basements and leveling the
stadiums, sport courts, internal roads and side walks.
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Sign contract with functioned company to dispose solid, spoils, hazardous and
toilet waste.
Public health and safety risk
During construction, occupational health and safety risk of workers and community must
be considered. Spread of insect disease vectors such as petechial fever or malaria is also
need to be concerned.
Culture relics
In the neighborhood of project area, there is no important cultural structures which may
be affected by the project construction. Although there is no major direct impact to any
known cultural relics by project construction, there could still be potential for chance
finds of archaeological properties during construction.
Impacts and mitigation measures during operation
Air quality and noise
In operational phase of VGU projects, there are two main sources of emissions and noise
which may pollute the ambient air:
Traffic activities: vehicles of staff and students in VGU.
Operation of generators for power stand-by purpose and air conditioning system.
Estimation of generators’ emission using WHO model (1992) shows that all pollutants
are lower than permitted standard. Besides, generator is only used for standby purpose so
total emission load of these generators is not significant.
Main mitigation measures proposed are using public transport, engine maintenance,
entrance on ring road 4 to avoid traffic on highway 13, lean fuel use, etc.
Water use and waste water
It is estimated that daily water demand of VGU in phase 1 is 975 m3 and in phase 2 is
1,858 m3 which is double phase 1. Wastewater sources during operation period are
mainly municipal wastewater contaminated by organic matter (TSS, BOD5, COD),
bacteria (coliform). Small amount originate from laboratories which may contain little
chemicals due to cleaning of experimental equipments
The mitigation measures for water use and wastewater also follow 3R approach: reduce –
reuse – recycle. A waste water treatment plant will be built to treat waste water meeting
domestic supply water standard TCVN 5502:2003. Treated water will be reused for
potable activities. Raising awareness campaigns among students and staff on water use
3R.
Solid waste
During the operation period of VGU, solid waste will be generated everyday in two
kinds: non-hazardous and hazardous waste.
Non –hazardous wastes with huge amount are mainly municipal waste generated from
offices, kitchens, restaurants and other public places. The main constitutions of this waste
are food waste (80% of total waste), green waste, papers, newspapers, plastic bottles and
packaging, glass bottles, cardboard.
Hazardous waste is included used chemical from labs, used oil and grease, electric waste,
sludge, etc.
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For non –hazardous waste, the aim of VGU in solid waste handling is 3R: Reduce –
Reuse – Recycle. For achieving this, VGU have to develop waste separation at source
scheme which is in line with Binh Duong waste management conditions, apply green
procurement process in waste treatment contractor selection and implement awareness
raising campaigns.
Energy consumption
There are two kinds of energy consumptions in VGU:
Consume fossil fuel for transport (vehicles of staff and students) and for other
machines such as generators.
Consume of electricity for buildings’ activities such as lighting, air conditioning and
ventilation, water heating. This is the main energy consumption of VGU.
For reducing energy consumption, design solutions is very important such as organize
building structure and use material to utilize natural light, natural ventilation, solar
energy and reduce heat load; use energy efficient equipments. During operation, energy
audit and awareness raising are recommended.
Public Health and Safety risk
During the operation period, VGU will comply strictly with all sanitary standards in
order to prevent occurrence of any disease. However, as a public area gathering many
people coming from many places both inside and outside Vietnam, there will be high risk
of contagious diseases spread out. Beside, Risks of fire and explosion from electrical
system and chemical handling in laboratories are also presented. Therefore VGU shall
prepare carefully ton prevent and mitigate these risks.
Integrated environmental management measure
VGU project plans to apply LOTUS green building rating tool which is consulted by
Vietnam Green Building Council (VGBC).
LOTUS is composed of 9 different credits (energy conservation, water conservation,
material conservation, ecology, pollution and waste, health and comfort, adaptation and
mitigation, community, and management).
Applying this tool will help VGU to manage all of its environmental and social aspects
from designing phase to construction phase and during operational phase.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGENMENT PLAN
In the plan, all significant adverse impacts and mitigation measures during the
construction and operational phase are summarized. The environmental monitoring plan
are develop in order to check the compliance with environmental regulation of Vietnam
and also to check the need for corrective actions. Capacity development and cost
estimates are also proposed.
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CHAPTER 1:
1.1.
INTRODUCTION
Brief history of the project
The Vietnamese German University is the first international Vietnamese State University
jointly set up with a partner country, namely Germany. It has been developed out of an
initiative of the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) and the Ministry of Higher
Education, Research, and the Arts, Hessen (HMWK). It has been developed further into a
Germany-wide project which is also substantially funded by the Federal Ministry of
Education and Research (BMBF) and supported by the German Academic Exchange
Service (DAAD).
VGU was founded in accordance with the “Letter of Intention”, signed on 21st May
2007, and the “Joint Declaration on the Cooperation for the Establishment of the
Vietnamese - German University”, signed in Hanoi on 29th February 2008 between
MOET and HMWK. It received its operational decision on September 1, 2008 and it was
officially opened on September 10, 2008.
The Vietnamese German University is a technical university following the German
model– a model which bears world-wide renown and is successful. It strives at becoming
the leading research university. in Vietnam, meeting international standards and setting
regional benchmarks. It is to have a lighthouse effect for Vietnam. From the beginning, it
will embrace the entire knowledge triangle: education, research as well as innovation
(and technology transfer). It aims at being fully integrated into the global scientific
community.
The institutional development of VGU is planned in three phases:
2009 – 2015: Start-Up Phase (short-term planning perspective)
2016 – 2020: First Operational Phase (medium-term planning perspective)
2021 – 2030: Second Operational Phase (long-term planning perspective).
In the start-up phase, VGU stays on the campus ground of the National University Ho
Chi Minh City in its renovated transitional building in Thu Duc district of Ho Chi Minh
City.
From the first operational phase, a new 50 ha area university and campus will be
developed in My Phuoc 4 Industrial and residential Park (IP) of Binh Duong province.
This is the scope of this environmental impact assessment (EIA).
1.2. Scope of EIA
The scope of this EIA is a new 50 ha area VGU university and campus project in My
Phuoc 4 Industrial and residential Park of Binh Duong province and its neighborhood
(i.e. existing residential area, new residential project area).
The environmental impacts of VGU project will be assessed in both construction and
implementation periods. There will be two construction phases (2012 – 2015 and 2018 2020) and two operational phase (2016 -2020 and 2021 -2030).
1.3. Methodology
The present impact study included the collection of information and documents related to
the project by meetings with the project proponent, collection and review of pertinent
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reports and other references, undertaking field visits to the project site, surveying the
neighborhood, gathering information from various government and other agencies, etc.
This was followed by evaluation of the information to delineate the major environmental
issues concerned, a mathematic model to predict the impact of dispersion and also to
determine the needs for the follow-up and preparation of an abatement and mitigation
plan through which the required actions can be carried out.
The study methodology follow guidelines described in the World Bank Operational
Manual 4.01 – Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01).
1.4. Limitations
An EIA is generally carried out as part of the feasibility study (FS) or together with it. Its
preparation depends a lot on other components of the FS such as site selection, building
design, infrastructure design. However, in this case of this project, the site has been
finalized by Binh Duong authorities (My Phuoc 4 IP) and the land has been already
acquired by My Phuoc IP investor, Becamex. Therefore, no analysis of site alternatives
and no impact assessment during land acquisition has been done.
Besides, the EIA as well as other part of the feasibility study has been prepared in very
short time due to pre –appraisal deadline of World Bank. Therefore, many technical
designs of the project are still general and no design alternative analysis during design
has been carried out in paper.
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CHAPTER 2:
2.1.
POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
FRAMEWORK
Vietnam EIA Legislation
Vietnam’s 1994 Law on Environmental Protection (LEP) is the primary framework
environmental policy for the country, and Article 18 of the LEP mandates environmental
impact assessment. In late November 2005, Vietnam’s National Assembly passed a
revised Law on Environmental Protection (Revised Law).
In addition, a series of regulations have been passed that enable further implementation
of EIA in Vietnam as summarized below:
Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP and Decree No.81/2006/ ND-CP dated 9 August, 2006 of
the Government on detailing and guiding the implementation of a number of articles of
the Law on Environmental Protection.
Decree No. 21/2008/ND-CP dated 28 Feb, 2008 of the Government on modification and
supplementation of several articles of Decree No. 80/2006/ND-CP dated 09 August 2008
providing detailed for implementation of Law on Environment Protection No.
52/2005/QH11.
Circular No. 05/2008/TT-BTNMT dated 08 Dec, 2006 of the Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment on providing instruction of environmental strategic
assessment, environmental impact assessment, and environmental protection
commitment.
2.2. National Technical Standard on Environment
In the scope of the project, the following relevant national environmental standards shall
be applied:
- National Technical Regulation QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT “The allowable
limits of heavy metals in the soils”;
- National Technical Regulation QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT “Surface Water
Quality”;
- National Technical Regulation QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT “Ground Water
Quality”;
- National Technical Regulation QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT “Domestic Waste
Water”;
- National Technical Regulation QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT “Ambient Air
Quality”;
- National Technical Regulation QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT “Toxics in Ambient
Air Quality”;
- National Technical Regulation QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT “industrial emission
for dust and other inorganic substances”
- Vietnamese Standard TCVN 5949:1998 – Acoustics - Noise in public and
residential areas - Maximum permitted noise level;
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- Vietnamese standard TCVN 6962:2001 – Vibration and shock - Vibration
emitted by construction works and factories - Maximum permitted levels in
the environment of public and residential areas.
- Vietnamese standard TCVN 5502:2003: Domestic water supply – Quality
Requirements.
2.3.
Other Vietnamese relevant regulation on environmental protection and
construction
Regulation on environmental protection
Decree No.59/2007/NĐ-CP dated 09 April, 2007 of the Government on solid waste
management;
Decision No. 22/2006/QĐ-BTNMT dated 18 Dec, 2006 of the Minister of Natural
Resources and Environment on compulsory applying Vietnamese Standard for
environment.
Decision No. 16/2008/QĐ-BTNMT dated 31 Dec, 2008 of the Minister Natural
Resources and Environment on the issuance of National Technical Standard for
environment;
Decision No. 23/2006/QĐ-BTNMT dated 26 Dec, 2006 on of the Minister of Natural
Resources and Environment on the issuance of hazardous waste list.
Circular No. 12/2006/TT-BTNMT dated 26 Dec, 2006 of the Minister of Natural
Resources and Environment on guiding the practice conditions, procedures for
compilation of dossiers, registration and licensing of hazardous waste management
practice and identification numbers;
Circular No.02/2005/TT-BTNMT dated 27 July, 2004 of the Minister of Natural
resources and Environment guiding the government’s decree No. 149/2004/ND-CP of
July 27, 2004 on the issuance of permits for water resource exploration, exploitation and
use, or for discharge of wastewater into water sources.
Regulation on construction and land acquisition
Law on construction;
Decree No.16/2005/NĐ-CP dated 7 Feb, 2005 of the government on issuing the
regulations on investment and construction management;
Decree No. 112/2006/NĐ-CP dated 19 Sep, 2006 of the Government on the adjustment
and supplement of some items in Decree No. 16/2005/NĐ-CP
Decree 197/2004/NĐ-CP dated 03 Dec, 2004 of the government on compensation,
support, relocation when the state resumes land.
2.4. World Bank Operation Manual on Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01)
In the role of the borrower, the investor of the project is responsible for carrying out the
environmental Assessment (EA) in consistent with World Bank Operation Manual 4.01
(OP 4.01). The bank advises the borrower on the Bank’ EA requirements. However,
recommendations in the EIA report on emission levels and approaches to pollution
prevention and abatement are still basically based upon Vietnamese legislation on
environment and local conditions.
16
The format of EIA report follows the format suggested in Annex B – OP 4.01 which
includes the following items:
(a) Executive summary. Concisely discusses significant findings and recommended
actions.
(b) Policy, legal, and administrative framework. Discusses the policy, legal, and
administrative framework within which the EA is carried out. Explains the
environmental requirements of any co-financiers. Identifies relevant international
environmental agreements to which the country is a party.
(c) Project description. Concisely describes the proposed project and its geographic,
ecological, social, and temporal context, including any offsite investments that may be
required (e.g., dedicated pipelines, access roads, power plants, water supply, housing, and
raw material and product storage facilities). Indicates the need for any resettlement plan
or indigenous peoples development plan . Normally includes a map showing the project
site and the project's area of influence.
(d) Baseline data. Assesses the dimensions of the study area and describes relevant
physical, biological, and socioeconomic conditions, including any changes anticipated
before the project commences. Also takes into account current and proposed
development activities within the project area but not directly connected to the
project. Data should be relevant to decisions about project location, design, operation, or
mitigation measures. The section indicates the accuracy, reliability, and sources of the
data.
(e) Environmental impacts. Predicts and assesses the project's likely positive and
negative impacts, in quantitative terms to the extent possible. Identifies mitigation
measures and any residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated. Explores
opportunities for environmental enhancement. Identifies and estimates the extent and
quality of available data, key data gaps, and uncertainties associated with predictions, and
specifies topics that do not require further attention.
(f) Analysis of alternatives. Systematically compares feasible alternatives to the proposed
project site, technology, design, and operation--including the "without project" situation-in terms of their potential environmental impacts; the feasibility of mitigating these
impacts; their capital and recurrent costs; their suitability under local conditions; and
their institutional, training, and monitoring requirements. For each of the alternatives,
quantifies the environmental impacts to the extent possible, and attaches economic values
where feasible. States the basis for selecting the particular project design proposed and
justifies recommended emission levels and approaches to pollution prevention and
abatement.
(g) Environmental management plan (EMP). Covers mitigation measures, monitoring,
and institutional strengthening..
(h) Appendixes.
2.5. Legal documents of project
(see Appendix 1)
Decision No. 1196/QĐ-TTg dated 1 September 2008 of the Prime Minister on VGU’ s
establishment.
17
Document No. 155/TTg-KTN dated 22 January of the Prime Minister on arranging land
for constructing VGU campus in Ben Cat district, Binh Duong province.
18
CHAPTER 3:
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1.
Name of project
3.2.
VIETNAMESE GERMAN UNIVERSITY (VGU)
Planned development phases of VGU project
The institutional development of VGU is planned in three phases:
2009 – 2015: Start-Up Phase (short-term planning perspective)
2016 – 2020: First Operational Phase (medium-term planning perspective)
2021 – 2030: Second Operational Phase (long-term planning perspective).
In the start-up phase, VGU stays on the campus ground of the National University Ho
Chi Minh City in its renovated transitional building in Thu Duc district of Ho Chi Minh
City.
From the first operational phase, a new 50 ha area university and campus will be
developed in Thoi Hoa or My Phuoc 4 Industrial and Residential Park (IRP) of Binh
Duong province. This is the project site that is needed to make environmental impact
assessment.
3.3. Project stakeholders
The main stakeholder on the Vietnamese side is the Ministry of Education and Training
(MOET). The Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thien Nhan, is
considered as one of the key players and promoters in the implementation of VGU.
The Vietnamese Government intends to apply for a World Bank loan of USD 100 – 150
million to develop VGU project. Hence, the World Bank is also to be considered as a
partner and stakeholder. The industry in the metropolitan area of Ho Chi Minh City
perceives itself also as stakeholder of the VGU, in particular the Vietnamese and German
industry in the region.
The German side has the following institutional stakeholders:
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) with delegation at the
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)
- Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts, Hessen (HMWK)
- Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts, Baden-Wurttemberg
(MWK)
- VGU Consortium
The regulation for the cooperation between the German stakeholders on the one hand,
and the German stakeholders with VGU on the other hand are currently in the state of
being developed.
3.4. The VGU Consortium
The VGU Consortium is the academic backbone of the Vietnamese - German University.
The non-profit association, legally registered in Bonn has 32 institutional members: 15
Universities, 16 Universities of Applied Sciences and the ‚TU9 – a consortium of the
leading technical research universities. It also has a number of individual members. The
mission of the consortium is to support the establishment and operation of VGU with
19
regard to academic and administrative issues. The consortium will guarantee for the
quality assurance in research and teaching. By coordinating the different tasks and the
cooperation of the participating German universities, the consortium also contributes to
the internationalization of the German higher education landscape.
The consortium will have the following core tasks:
- Identifying „patron‟ universities, which will act as coordinator responsible for a
VGU study program or research project,
- Supporting and coordinating the exchange of students, teaching staff mobility,
researcher‟ mobility – in particular organizing semesters or study periods abroad, guest
lectureships, internships and the participation in German - Vietnamese research projects,
- Supporting the sending of German academic and administrative personnel to
VGU,
- Proposing study programs and research activities to the VGU President for
implementation.
- Guaranteeing coordinated concerted action of the consortia members,
- Serving as a contact point in Germany,
- Specifying contributions and input of universities by making agreements with
German universities on behalf of the VGU organs
- Applying, receiving and distributing public funds through the registered
association as legal entity, being responsible with regard to correct spending of the
German public funds in Vietnam.
Figure 3.1 VGU Consortium and VGU
20
(Source: VGU Master Plan, 2009)
3.5.
Governance and Organisation
According to Vietnamese Laws all universities have to comply with the University
Charter issued by the Prime Minister as Decision number 153/2003/QD-TTg on July 30,
2003. VGU is a State University under the supervision of MOET. As the VGU has a
special status and mission, VGU was granted the right to submit its own Charter. This
Charter describes in detail aspects of organisation, administration and governance as well
as VGU’s relation to government, including funding.
The governance of VGU is based on a combination of institutional autonomy,
accountability and academic self-coordination on the one hand and state supervision,
control and consultation on the other hand.
The strategic steering organ is the University Council. The University Council is the top
authority of the university. The composition of the University Council includes: 10
members nominated by the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET), 10 members
nominated by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts of the State of
Hessen (HMWK). There are no university members in the University Council.
The Advisory Board has 12 members who are appointed out of the group of friends of the
VGU. It provides advice on pivotal questions of the University development.
The operational steering bodies are the Presidential Board and the Senate. The
Presidential Board leads the University and is responsible for all University matters as
stipulated in this Charter. The Presidential Board includes the President and VicePresidents.
The President is the head, and also the chief personnel manager of the University. The
Senate elects the President on the basis of the candidates proposed by the search
committee. The President is nominated by the Vietnamese Minister of Education and
Training after approval by the University Council. The President has a five-year term in
office, one re-election is possible.
The President is supported by four Vice Presidents. The Vice Presidents are selected by
the Senate upon nomination of the President, and approved by the University Council.
They are appointed by the Minister of Education and Training. The Vice Presidents have
a five-year term of office in line with the term of the President, and can be re-elected.
The first President is a German who guides the establishment of VGU in the founding
phase. In a medium-term perspective, it is planned to hand over the leadership of VGU to
the Vietnamese side.
21
Figure 3.2 VGU Governance Structures
(Source: VGU Master Plan, 2009)
Academic Organisational Structure of VGU
According to its research orientation, the academic core of the VGU consists of Schools
and Research Centers. The Schools will be organised around the clusters and will be
linked to the research centers. The Schools are the administrative basic units of VGU.
They are responsible for the management of operative routine tasks (in teaching and
research, including finances, staff and other relevant units) in decentralised responsibility.
A detailed organisational structure of the operative units in teaching and research will
only be elaborated after constituting the University Council.
Organisation of the Administration
The VGU Administration will be developed in two phases according to its growth. The
administration will be oriented towards the model of German technical universities – a
model which stands for global competitiveness in higher education. It will be different in
some aspects from the usual administrative structure of Vietnamese universities. The
difference in organisational structure mainly reflects four guiding ideas of VGU:
Focus on research and research orientation (Research Department, Patents and
Technology Transfer Office, Industry Liaison Office)
Quality Assurance and Quality Management
Financial Autonomy and Accountability (Internal controlling, internal auditing)
22
The idea of encompassing services (central student service centre, central onestop-office for staff, Service for families, Career Service, Alumni).
3.6. Development of VGU staff
The staff development is a strategic concern of VGU. It is VGU target to qualify its
scientific and administrative staff in a way that it meets international standards and that it
can guarantee the competitiveness of the Vietnamese universities.
In the start-up phase, 80 % of the staff is German and 20 % Vietnamese. This particularly
refers to the academic staff. It is planned to gradually reduce the share of German staff,
so that after a few years (latest end of the first operational phase 2020) the academic staff
ratio is 80 % Vietnamese staff and 20 % German staff (2020)
The education and research training of doctoral candidates form the core activity in the
Vietnamisation of academic staff.
The planning of VGU staff numbers is as follow:
Table 3.1 Development of VGU academic staff number
Phase
Start-up phase
(2010 -2015)
First Phase
(2016 -2020)
Second Phase
(2021-2030)
Professors
12
27
68
Non-Professional staff
12
27
68
Doctoral Candidates
60
135
340
Total
84
189
476
Figure 3.3 Development of VGU academic Staff (incl. number of doctoral candidates)
(Source: VGU Master Plan, 2009)
3.7. VGU Study Programs and students intakes (2009 – 2030)
VGU focuses on the postgraduate level (Master, doctoral education, academic further or
continued education). VGU only provides Bachelor programs, where these are necessary
as academic foundation for postgraduate education and training. The ratio of Bachelor
and Master programs will therefore be 1:3 in general. The Bachelor and Master programs
23
(and where appropriate also doctoral programs) are pooled in clusters which form a
disciplinary or thematic embrace. A cluster can contain up to six study programs. The
clusters will not be established „en bloc‟, but will gradually be filled with the planned
number of study programs. The final decision on the organisational structure
(Departments, Faculties, Schools) of the clusters still has to be made.
The number of clusters will be:
- Start-up phase (2009 -2015): 4 clusters
- First level operational phase (2016 -2020): 7 clusters
- Second level operational phase (2021 – 2030): 13 clusters
Each cluster consists of one Bachelor and three Master programs (in general). Detailed
programs in each cluster are shown in figure 3.3 below.
The target numbers of students (Bachelor and Master) are: 2,000 students (start-up
Phase), 5,000 students (2nd Phase), and 12,000 students (3rd Phase).
Figure 3.4 Overview of VGU study programs (2009 -2030)
3.8.
Geographic characteristics
The project site is an area of about 50 ha in Thoi Hoa IRP which is located on the trunk
road (National Highway 13) of Ben Cat District, the northern part of Binh Duong
Province.
The site borders ring road 4 on the north, existing residential area on the south and
southeast, National Highway 13 on the northeast and D4 road (internal road of My Phuoc
4 IP) on the west. There will be residential projects on the north and west of the project.
At present, the land leveling has been completed and infrastructures are under
constructed in Thoi Hoa IRP.
24
At present, there is only highway 13 already in use with light traffic density. The types of
vehicles in highway 13 are trucks, cars and motorbikes. The ring road 4, D4 road and
other infrastructures (i.e. internal road, sewage mains, etc.) in My Phuoc 4 IP are still
under early construction.
The density of households in the existing residential area is not high, around 30 -40
household. The housing condition is quite good, most of house structures are new built
and stable.
Besides, in the project site, there is an existing canal named C1 passing through. The
flow of this canal runs into Thi Tinh river on the west border of Thoi Hoa IRP. This canal
has been already reclaimed and built embankment on two sides by Becamex.
3.9. Land acquisition and Resettlement
The original land of Thoi Hoa IRP and the project in particular is agricultural land which
were mainly planted industrial trees such as rubber, cashew nut and paddy field. The land
is planned to become IRP by Binh Duong province Therefore the investor of the IRP,
Becamex, has already finish all resettlement and compensation procedure following
resettlement regulation of Vietnam. Most of trees and households in the project area have
been cleared so the whole project area now is vacant land. The investor filled in with
soils taken from the same area to level the site.
There are still some households living on the south end of the site but they have already
received all compensation money and will move as soon as the project construction is
initiated.
3.10. Planned buildings and infrastructures of VGU project
Based on the cluster development plan and projection of student intake, the construction
planning of buildings and infrastructures of VGU project is divided into two phases:
- Phase 1: 2012 -2015
- Phase 2: 2018 -2020
3.10.1. Main buildings
a. Zoning
The concept for the masterplan clearly defines zones for the different functions. Since the
only possible main access is from the north (Road Nr.5) a bridge is proposed that crosses
the canal and leads to the main academic quarter in the center of the campus. The area
north of the canal is used for a science park and entrance plaza. All mandatory campus
facilities are located south of the canal.
The academic campus buildings are arranged around a open space with a reflecting pool.
The lecture hall and library building sets the end point for the phase 1 development. In
phase 2 the lecture hall building becomes the center of the academic quarter. In full
development the academic quarter extends to the south end of the campus.
On the west side of the academic quarters all main shared facilities are located: Sports
Center, Food court, Convenience stores, Medical facilities, Facility Management offices,
Stadium, Religious center.
This area also stretches through the entire campus from north to south.
25
Along the western site boundary the student housing quarters are developed. The housing
blocks are arranged along a generous pedestrian area with plazas, 4 outdoor badminton
courts and trellises. In the center of this promenade the community house is located.
All above areas are connected through a central pedestrian east-west axis
On the eastern side of the academic quarter is the academic village with housing facilities
for the foreign permanent and visiting staff of professors and doctorates.
b. Academic research and teaching facilities
The academic facilities are outlined in the Report by the VGU consortium and developed
to detail by a German institution specialized to assess space requirements for academic
facilities called HIS (Hochschul Informations Service)
The booklet provided by HIS describes in detail personnel of the 7 “clusters” of scientific
research and teaching as well as the net areas required for the operation of the teaching
facilities according to German university standards
All academic facilities are arranged around a central water feature – the academic square.
The water feature is lowered against the surrounding pathways and serves as a water
retention basin in case of high flood levels in the storm drain system.
The entrance building houses the administration, language center, life long learning
center as well as the computer center and computer science cluster. This is the only
building with a central UPS system due to computer center needs.
The Lecture halls and Library building forms the endpoint of the academic area in the
first phase and will be the center point in the second phase. The main auditorium seats
500 people and has a half-size stage and back-stage area. Smaller performances or
concerts are envisioned here. A loading dock allows props and instrument deliveries.
The cluster building form the east and west side of the academic area. Each cluster
consists of a courtyard building of varying height according to space needs. Small
laboratories are integrated into the structure. Bigger laboratories with crane tracks are
situated between buildings and visible from the central academic square. All servicing
will happen from the back of the buildings.
c. Student housing
Due to the distance to regional centers and the underdeveloped immediate environment
the following student housing facilities are being proposed:
– Student housing for 50% of all students phase 1
– Student housing for 50% of all students phase 1+2
Facilities shall offer accommodations that fit the budget of all student groups.
The foundation year and Bachelor students with low budget can dwell in 4-bed rooms.
Master Students should dwell in 2-bed rooms or 1-bedrooms. PhD students shall dwell in
1- bedrooms.
It is to be observed that the student accommodations can compete with comparable
regional facilities in Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. Air-conditioning seems at this
stage not required however all housing units must be ready for installation of split units at
a later stage or on the expense of the students now. Modern student housing offers not
only space to sleep but a variety of spaces for social interaction. Due to the favorable
26
climate in Vietnam outdoor spaces are at all times preferred and seating possibilities
should be provided generously.
d. Academic village
Since a great number of professor and other academic teaching staff will come from
Germany at least in the initial stages of the project temporary housing facilities with
German-Vietnamese standard shall be provided. This will also ensure a high level of
identification of the teachers with the university and their availability for critics and after
hour research consultations in the tradition of Anglo-Saxon colleges and universities. 2
types of accommodation are provided:

Academic villas: The set-up of the houses should be that of serviced apartments.
A reasonable size is envisioned with 180sqm gross which results in 142sqm net area per
unit. Duplex villas are proposed. 35 units will cover 40% of the Doctorate and Professors
coming from Germany with 50% occupied by families and 50% as shared apartments
(total 75 academic staff)

Academic apartments: For short-term visitors or specialist lecturers 18
apartments of 80sqm are provided in a 5-story structure.
Social facilities in the academic village include a clubhouse, gym and a lab-pool.
e. Food court
Since it is the Vietnamese tradition to dine together a great number of students will have
their meals at lunchtime and in the evening within a short interval. It is proposed to serve
50% of the student population at any one time. The set-up is proposed to be not a
traditional canteen but rather a food court with multiple self-serve restaurants which are
rented out to tenants and evaluated every 6 month by student vote.
f. Convenience area
This central arcade building shall provide space for supermarket, pharmacy, medical
offices, spa, and other facilities needed on the campus.
g. Sports center
Regular sports activities are the balance for the patient academic work.
Proposed are:
 Multi-function indoor hall with 2 sections and a movable partition (equivalent to 4
badminton courts)
 Gymnasium with machines and gymnastics / dance area
 2 outdoor basketball courts
 4 outdoor tennis courts
 Outdoor swimming pool 50m with jump boards 3, 5 and 10m
The Sports center building also accommodates the building management offices and staff
parking, changing rooms and lockers.
h. Stadium
The stadium is proposed to serve not only for soccer training and running track but
double as the event space for the university. Concerts, festivals and parades can be held
here.
The 200 seat grandstand building houses changing rooms and restroom facilities.
27
The Stadium itself is of medium standard size and is enclosed by a landscaped mound
which also serves as additional seating.
i. Science park
The area north of the canal is dedicated to be an interface between the university and the
Binh Duong community. It features not only the entrance plaza to the university with bus
stations and taxi drop-off but also a landscape park with pavilions that exhibit latest
research and an exhibition center for sponsorship events, travelling exhibitions on
science, receptions and cultural activities. The academic clubhouse at the west end
provides space for a 3rd party financed club. It is envisioned to have 4 vertical wind
turbines arranged at the plaza as a landmark. These turbines shall power an electric
mobility project of leasable electrical cars.
3.10.2. Infrastructures
About basic infrastructures, there will be water, power supply networks, waste water
drainage and treatment system, internal roads and bridge, sidewalk and parking.
Water supply
Sources of Domestic Water
Domestic water usage for project is divided into potable water and non-potable water.
Potable water is used for the baths, showers, sinks and wash basins and other potable
uses. Non-potable is used for toilet and urinal flushing, irrigation, and other non-potable
uses.
- Sources of potable water: Potable water is supplied from main water pipe run along
the southeast side of D9 road of Binh Duong water supply - sewerage - environment Co.,
ltd (BIWASE).
- Sources of non-potable water: Non-potable water is supplied from recycled water.
Water consumption demand
The total domestic water consumption requirement is a function of the daily water
demand for the projected population of the proposed University campus. The water
consumption requirements in respect of the campus population projection at the ultimate
plan period are as detailed in Table 3.2 and Table 3.3.
Table 3.2 Total daily water demand of VGU in phase 1 (2016 -2020)
Description
Applicable water
demand
Population
Daily water demand
Residential students
4,000
200
Liters/person/day
800,000
Non-Residential students
1,000
45
Liters/person/day
45,000
Residential academic staff
+ Dependants
360
250
Liters/person/day
90,000
Non-Residential academic
staff
180
45
Liters/person/day
8,100
Non academic staff
300
45
Liters/person/day
13,500
1,200
15
Liters/person/day
18,000
Visitors
28
Total daily water demand
Liters/day
975,000
(Source: ACE)
Table 3.3 Total daily water demand of VGU in phase 2 (2021 -2030)
Description
Applicable water
demand
Population
Daily water demand
Residential students
7,200
200
Liters/person/day
1,440,000
Non-Residential students
4,800
45
Liters/person/day
216,000
Residential academic staff
+ Dependants
360
250
Liters/person/day
90,000
Non-Resident academic
staff
690
45
Liters/person/day
31,050
Non academic staff
800
45
Liters/person/day
36,000
3,000
15
Liters/person/day
45,000
Visitors
Total daily water demand
Liters/day
1,858,000
(Source: ACE)
- Daily potable water demand for phase 1 and phase 2 is 585 m3 and 1,115 m3
respectively.
- Daily non-potable water demand (excluding irrigation water and road sprinkler) for
phase 1 and phase 2 is 390 m3 and 743 m3 respectively.
- Daily non-potable water demand (including irrigation water and road sprinkler) for
phase 1 and phase 2 is 1,266 m3 and 2,084 m3 respectively.
Storm drain
According Vietnamese regulation, storm drainage and wastewater drainage system shall
be separated.
The source of subsurface water basically is rain. While some seep into the ground. Others
flow along the surface through natural course to streams or collects at catch basins and
through appropriate roof gullies to the risers which leads to several horizontal pipe storm
drain or drain channels. The horizontal feeders lead to the main surface water drainage
channels or main pipe drainage proposed along the primary, secondary and tertiary roads
within the campus for proper drainage of storm water.
Waste water drainage and treatment system
Waste water from many activities in VGU such as bath, sanitary, kitchen, etc will be
collect by wastewater drainage network to the treatment plant . The output treated waste
water will be stored in stank and use for non-potable activities such as urinal flushing,
irrigation.
Electricity supply
Primary Source of electrical Power Supply
29
VGU electrical power is received via BDPC (Power Company of Ben Cat District, Binh
Duong Province) 22kV/63MVA overhead feeders coming from the Ben Cat 2
(110/22KV) power transformer station. The 22KV overhead network lines running
alongside highway 13, 22 kV distribution switches located near the intersection of open
channel and highway 13.
Secondary Source Of Electrical Power Supply
VGU campus power distribution system consists of the supply circuits, supply breakers,
Substations, feeder breakers, multiple building feeder cables, building, transformers,
generators and supply breakers. The proposed power supply stations will be used to
ensure voltage drop on the cable from the transformer to final consumption does not
exceed 4%. Position of the transformer stations will be selected depending on the features
and capacity load in each area and distance from the transformer station to consumption
area. The VGU site distribution system divides the campus into three independently
controlled and redundantly supplied management zones.
Zone 1: Including Exhibition hall, Administration area, Computer and Language
center, Cluster 5, Science park, Professor house, Waste water treatment plant, car park.
Zone 2: Cluster 1, Cluster 2, Cluster 3, Cluster 4, Cluster 6, Cluster 7, Auditorium
& Library, Open theatre, Academic, waste water treatment plant.
Zone 3: Student houses, Guest house, Community, Sport hall, Convenience Store,
Dinning & Kitchen, Religion Center, Stadium, Tennis court, Basket ball court,
Badminton court, Swimming pool.
Total Electrical Demand
It is estimated that total power requirements for campus will be 9,448 KVA for phase 1
and 8,739 KVA for phase 2. Total electric load demand for two phase are 18,187 KVA.
Transformer type and capacity
Each zone will be served by power supply stations and it must have enough large space
to ensure installation equipments for the later phase. Capacity of each transformer station
as follow:
Phase 1 BD:
Zone 1:

Station No.1:1@1,000 KVA, 22/0.4 KV transformer.
Zone 2:

Station No.2: 2@3,000 KVA, 22/6.6 KV transformer and 1@2,000 KVA, 22/0.4
KV transformer.

Substation 2.1: 1@2,000 KVA, 6.6/0.4 KV transformer

Substation 2.2: 1@400 KVA, 6.6/0.4 KV transformer

Substation 2.3: 1@1,200 KVA, 6.6/0.4 KV transformer
Zone 3:

Substation 3.1: 1@1,000 KVA, 22/0.4 KV transformer

Substation 3.2: 1@3,200 KVA, 22/0.4 KV transformer
Phase 2 BD:
Electrical power for phase 2: 8,739 KVA
30
Generator type and capacity
Generator system proposed the following:
Phase 1 BD:
Zone 1:

Station No.1:1@1,000 KVA/0.4 KV diesel generator.
Zone 2:

Station No.2: 1@3,600 KVA/6.6 KV diesel generator..
Zone 3:

Substation 3.1: 1@400 KVA/0.4 KV diesel generator.

Substation 3.2: 1@630 KVA/0.4 KV diesel generator
Phase 2 BD:
Zone 2:

Station No.2: 1@4,000 KVA/6.6 KV diesel generator..
Zone 3:

Substation 3.3: 1@400 KVA/0.4 KV diesel generator
Air conditioning and ventilation
Considerations taken are ease of control, maintenance and aesthetics, proposed building
will apply:
Student house: No air conditioning, only use ceiling fans or wall fan
Guest house: DX System complete with wall-mounted or In-ceiling unit mounted
fan coil unit.
Dinning &Kitchen: No air conditioning, ventilation only by exhaust and supply fan
exception VIP dining room may use air conditioning.
Convenience Store: No air conditioning, ventilation only by exhaust and supply air
fan exception special rooms may be use air conditioning.
Professor house: DX system complete with wall-mounted or In-ceiling mounted fan
coil unit.
Administration area, Computer and language center, Exhibition hall, Auditorium,
Library, Community, Teaching area: Air-conditioning to all areas except open corridor,
staircase, restrooms.
It is estimated that total cooling load requirements will be 12,038 KW (3,425 ton) for
phase 1 and 26,170 KW (7,447 Ton) for phase 1 & 2.
Chillers capacity and locations
Proposed location of chiller plant is located near cluster VII building and consideration
extended to phase 2. Use centrifugal chiller, the chiller motor operating in voltage 6.6KV
Phase 1: number of chillers are 4@1,000 ton
Phase 2: number of chillers are 4@1,000 Ton.
Total number of chillers are 8@1,000 Ton for two phase.
Make-up water:
31
Water losses from cooling towers include evaporation, drift (water entrained in discharge
vapor), and blow down (water released to discard solids). To replace lost water and
maintain cooling function, makeup water must be added to the cooling tower system. The
Make-up water calculated preliminary for the phase 1 is 165 m3/day and phase 2 is 340
m3/day. The blow down water from cooling tower can be treated and recycled water is
used for fountains on campus.
Telecommunications
Similar to the electrical power supply on the campus, a suitable, reliable but flexible
telecommunications system master plan has been designed and phased to provide the
University with an efficient and sustainable service. The development of the
telecommunications system is an integral part of the development plan of the University.
The telecommunications configuration must be modeled specifically to accommodate
growth and flexibility of expansion.
It is proposed that the private main exchange will be located centrally in the Central
Administration Core. The number at incoming lines from the public network should be
up to 1,000 to be taken up at different periods of development. The entire telephone
system i.e. exchange, cables, telephone set and all other equipment should comply with
specifications of the public telephone service.
Road Lighting
Choosing the types of lamps, the color of the surroundings, aesthetics and principally
economic considerations have been kept in view the specified road lighting luminaries
above shall be mounted on the distributed 0.4 KV (3 phase) poles. The photocell switch
of the road lighting shall be integrated into the LV distribution feeder pillar to guarantee a
reliable, flexible and functional road lighting system.
Fire fighting system
To ensure goals of cost-effective and reliability for fire fighting system, fire fighting
water will be combined with potable water supply network, however fire water piping
inside buildings will be separated with potable water supply piping. Water supply for fire
fighting to be supplied from the elevated tank, water reserves in the elevated tank to
ensure potable water demand and fire water demand.
Internal road, bridge and parking
The campus is planned to be solely pedestrian. Outside of the service roads and parking
access all links between buildings are free of motorized traffic. Service roads are
arranged at the back of all buildings. The total area of internal road in phase 1 will be
22,413 m2 and in phase 2 will be added 22,239 m2. Besides, there will be a bridge with
40m span and 80 m width constructed to connect the VGU entrance located in ring road 4
passing canal C1 with the other side of the project area.
Initial parking facilities are small since car ownership amongst students in Vietnam is
currently low. There is an area reserve along the river which can be used to build
structure parking. facilities in the future. All student housing have motorbike parking
arranged on ground floor. It is assumed that 80% of all students will own motorbikes and
sufficient space for this is provided.
32
Table 3.4 Planned buildings and infrastructures for phase 1
Floors
/number
Coverage
(sqm)
GFA
(sqm)
Total GFA
(sqm)
No
Functional
1
Exhibition area
1.1
Exhibition hall
1
1,963
1,963
1.2
Gallery
1
640
640
1.3
Club
1
545
545
subtotal
3,148
2
Academic area
2.1
Administration
5
3,449
Computer center
1,479
Language
859
Seminar room
8,566
Cluster VI
5,542
19,895
2.2
Cluster I
7
7,089
7,089
2.3
Cluster II
7
7,249
7,249
2.4
Cluster III
8
10,390
10,390
2.5
Cluster IV
4
5,028
5,028
2.6
Cluster V
5
4,524
4,524
2.7
Cluster VII
8
13,127
13,127
2.8
Auditorium, lecture
hall, library
2
7,500
7,500
subtotal
74,802
3
Sport and dinning
area
3.1
Sport hall
2
5,000
5,000
3.2
Grandstand
1
1,440
1,440
3.3
Convenient Store
1
2,766
2,766
3.4
Dinning &Kitchen
3
4,400
4,400
3.5
Religion center
1
375
375
subtotal
4
13,981
Student area
33
4.1
Community
4.3
Student housing
1
5 to 9
800
800
77,860
77,860
subtotal
78,660
5
Professor area
5.1
Professor house
2
12,000
12,000
5.2
Professor Club
2
360
360
5.3
Guest house
5
2,305
2,305
subtotal
14,665
Total BD phase 1 building
52192
185,256
6
Infrastructure
6.1
Water tower
1
6.2
Stadium
1
16,650
6.3
Tennis court
5
2,200
6.4
Basket ball court
2
1,140
6.5
Badminton court
4
560
6.7
Swimming pool
2
2,520
6.8
Internal road
22,413
6.9
Sidewalk and hard cape
35,787
6.10
Parking
10,583
6.11
Water surface
28,729
6.12
Park and landscaping
(Green)
306,168
6.13
Bridge (40 m span x 80
m width)
1
3,200
(Source: Korn Architects)
Table 3.5 Planned buildings and infrastructures for phase 2
No
Functional
1
Academic area
1.1
Cluster VIII
1.2
Cluster IX
Floors
/number
34
Coverage
(sqm)
GFA
(sqm)
Total GFA
(sqm)
1.3
Cluster X
1.4
Cluster XI
1.5
Cluster XII
1.6
Cluster XIII
subtotal
94,800
2
Sport and dinning
area
2.1
Dinning &Kitchen
3
6,550
subtotal
6,550
6,550
3
Student area
3.1
Student housing
5 to 9
52,700
subtotal
52,700
52,700
Total BD phase 2 building
30004
(Source: Korn Architects)
35
154,050
CHAPTER 4:
BASELINE DATA
The site selected for the proposed project is an area of about 50 ha in My Phuoc 4
industrial Park (IP) which is located on the trunk road (National Highway 13) of Ben Cat
District, the northern part of Binh Duong Province. Therefore, the project area will be
affected by natural and social-economic conditions of Binh Duong province in general
and Ben Cat district in particular. Besides, as a project developed in Thoi Hoa IRP, it will
be facilitated by existing and planned infrastructures, utilities and services in the IRP.
4.1. Natural conditions
Binh Duong province is in southeast Vietnam and is within the Southern Key Economic
Zone. It was split-off from the former Song Be province on January 1, 1997. Binh Duong
is close to Ho Chi Minh City, a large economic and cultural center. Binh Duong borders
Binh Phuoc province on the north; Ho Chi Minh City on the south; Dong Nai province on
the east; Tay Ninh province on the west.
4.1.1.
Climate and Meteorological data
Located in Binh Duong province, the project is affected by the tropical monsoon climate.
Climate of Binh Duong is quite calm. Flooding and storm rarely occur. A year is divided
into two distinct seasons: rainy season usually from May to November and dry season
from December to April of next year.
Temperature
The mean temperature in 2008 is 26.6oC, the peak temperature is 28.2oC (April) and the
lowest temperature is 25.3oC (December). The temperature variance between the hottest
and the coldest month is about 2.90C.
Humidity
Annual average humidity is relatively high 80 -90 % and varies depending on seasons.
Average humidity in 2008 was 84%. Humidity is brought in mainly by South West
monsoon in rainy season, thus the lowest humidity is usually experienced in the middle
of dry season and the highest in the middle of rainy season. Similar to air temperature,
humidity varies very slightly during the year.
Rainfall and Evaporation
Annual mean rainfall is about 1,700 – 2,300 mm with 120 rainy days. Rainfall occurs
mostly in September about 343 mm in average; in the peak year it may reach 432 mm
(2008). The lowest rainfall occurs in January about 20 mm in average and even in many
years there was no rain on this month.
Annual evaporation is relatively high, sometimes may higher than rainfall in the same
period. The annual average evaporation is around 1,300 – 1,450 mm.
Wind regime
Wind regime is quite stable. The average wind speed is about 0.7 m/s, the highest
measured is 12 m/s. There are two main wind directions in Binh Duong: east – northeast
during the dry season and west-southwest in the rainy season.
36
4.1.2.
Topography
In general, the topography of Binh Duong is relatively flat and even, geologic structure is
firm and stable. The popular topography is consecutive antique alluvial hills with slopes
less than 3-15o.
The heights of the project site range from 2 -10 meters (see topographical grid map of
the site in appendix 4). On both the north and south banks of of C1 canal inside the
project site, the height decreases slightly to C1 canal. The average height of the site is
around 3 meters. The highest is the south boundary of the site (6-10 m).
4.1.3.
Geology
The geology survey is being carried out in the project site by FS team. The result will be
included in this report when the survey is completed.
4.1.4.
Hydrology and water resource
There are three main rivers of Sai Gon - Dong Nai river system run through Binh Duong
province: Be river, Dong Nai river and Sai Gon river. Besides the three main rivers, there
is also Thi Tinh river which is a tributary of Sai Gon river, Ba Lo canal, Ba Hiep canal,
Vinh Binh, Ong Co canal, etc. The density of canals in the province is 0.4 – 0.8 km/km2,
flow is not high.
In the project site, there is an existing canal named C1 passing through. The flow of this
canal runs into Thi Ting river on the west border of Thoi Hoa IRP, which is a tributary of
Sai Gin river. Therefore it will be influenced by the hydrology of Sai Gon river. Sai Gon
river is the length of 256 km and basin area of 5.560 km2. It passes the province from
Dau Tieng to Lai Thieu district with 256 km long. In the upper area, the river bed is
narrow but from Dau Tieng district, it open to 100 m wide and from Thu Dau Mot it is
200 m wide. Average velocity is 85 m/s, slope is small only about 0.7%.
Groundwater
Groundwater capacity in Binh Duong is relatively rich. There are three groundwater
areas:
- Rich area: locates from the west of Ben Cat district to Sai Gon river; average flow
of some points in Thanh Tuyen may reach 250 l/s. It has good storage capacity, the
aquifer is 15 -20 m thick.
- Average area: locates in Thuan An district. Average flow is about 0.05 – 0.6 l/s.
The thick of aquifer is 10 -12 m. Average flow is about 0.05 – 0.40 l/s and mostly
measured is 0.1 -0.2 l/s. The thick of aquifer is 10 -12 m.
- Poor area: locates in the east and north east Thu Dau Mot or in some valleys along
Sai Gon river.
The VGU project area is located in Ben Cat district. That means it is located in the rich
groundwater of Binh Duong. However, on the site visit, when discussing with some
residents near the project area, they told that they have to use ground water that pumped
from very long depth (about 90 m deep) because of water quality. Therefore, the project
construction will not impact negatively on groundwater use of neighborhood residents
because the depth of piling work is shorter that 30m.
37
4.1.5.
Ecology
Area of natural forest is 18,527 ha, region which has the largest area of natural forest is
Cau Mountain Protective forest (Dinh Thanh ward of Dau Tieng district). The remaining
natural forest is mainly young regenerated, scattering in the north of Binh Duong.
As a result of reforestation and tree planting effort, the forest and tree covering ratio in
the province reaches 44.5 % natural area.
The original land of Thoi Hoa IRP and the project in particular is agricultural land which
were mainly planted rice, industrial trees such as rubber and cashew nut. These trees have
low value of biodiversity. The land is planned to become industrial park (My Phuoc 4 IP)
by Binh Duong authorities. Therefore the investor of the IRP, Becamex, has already
finish all resettlement and compensation procedure following resettlement regulation of
Vietnam. Most of trees in the project area have been cleared so the whole project area
now is vacant land. The investor filled in with soils taken from the same area to level the
site.
4.2.
Socio-economic conditions
Industry
The total area of the planned industrial and residential parks of Thoi Hoa ward is
2,865.35 ha. Among those, My Phuoc 1 IP: 175 ha, expanded My Phuoc 1 IP: 170ha, My
Phuoc 3 ỊP 1,525.31 ha, Thoi Hoa IP: 955.16 ha.
Commercial - service
In 2009, there were 22 companies, 29 household scale manufacturing, 26 household
scale transporting, 124 household scale dinning, 327 household scale commercial, 438
household scale service enterprises newly founded.
Agriculture
Cultivation: In Thoi Hoa ward there are still 1,012 ha of land staying outside the planned
area. Among them, residential area is around 111.38 ha and crop area is 900.62 ha
(included land for rice and crops cultivation). Currently, because of fast industrialization
and urbanization in the ward, most of crop area is abandoned
Livestock: The live stock industry in the ward is mainly in household scale with the total
area of livestock farms 60,974 m2. The main breeding animals are pigs, chickens and
ducks.
Population and Ethnic group
Population of Binh Duong until 31 December 2008 is 1,121,724 people and that of Ben
Cat district is 151.097 people. Rural population is 762,310 (occupies 52.2 % of the total)
and urban population is 344.017 (occupies 31.1%). The average population density of the
whole province is 410 people/ km2. The natural growth rate tends to reduce year by year,
from 13.89% in 2001 to 10.94% in 2005 and 10.11% in 2008. However the population of
Binh Duong still increases continuously because of immigration from other provinces
(about 20,000 people per year). Below table shows the increase of population of Binh
Duong and each of its districts in 2001 -2008 period.
Table 4.1 Population of seven districts of Binh Duong in period 2001 - 2008
District
2001
2005
2006
38
2007
2008
769.946
1.030.722
1.050.124
1.075.457
1.106.327
Thu Dau Mot
152.050
171.331
174.359
178.029
181.587
Dau Tieng
91.258
98.229
99.946
101.661
103.443
Ben Cat
110.626
135.084
138.525
143.911
151.097
Phu Giao
63.240
70.031
70.998
72.085
73.307
Tan Uyen
124.142
153.519
157.347
162.586
169.309
Di An
106.767
178.059
181.038
1858.422
191.734
Thuan An
121.863
224.469
227.911
231.763
235.850
(Source: Binh Duong Statistical Book Year 2008)
Binh Duong has 15 ethnic groups. The majority of the population is ethnic Vietnamese
(Kinh) at about 99%. Other ethnic minorities include Chinese (Hoa), Khmer, Tay, Nung,
Muong, Cham, K’Ho, Chau Ro, Thai, San Diu, San Chi, Dao, Ba Hi, E De, Raglai, etc. at
about 1% of population. Minorities are mainly distributed in 4 northern districts of Binh
Duong: Ben Cat, Dau Tieng, Phu Giao and Tan Uyen. They mostly live on agricultural
activities. In Ben Cat district, Minh Hoa ward is key place of minorities.
In Thoi Hoa ward, population of Khmer people is 234; Chinese population is 232 and
Cham population is 4. The rest is Kinh people. The project site does not locate in the
sensitive area of minorities.
Education
The province has 368 schools from kindergarten to high school; 7 universities, 7 colleges
and 12 occupational training schools.
In Thoi Hoa ward, there are 01 kindergarten with 6 classes and 210 children, 01 primary
school with 21 classes and 663 students, 01 secondary school with 556 students.
Public health
The number of health clinics and hospitals in Binh Duong increases from 106 in 2005 to
108 in 2008. The numbers of doctors and nurses also increases from 2,121 in 2005 to
2,313 in 2008.
In 2009, the number of illness diagnoses and treatment cases in Thoi Hoa ward were
34.181.
Culture
There are 02 provincial level, 07 district level cultural centers, 02 cinemas and 08
libraries in Binh Duong.
Historic relics: 33 relics of Binh Duong are ranked: at national level: 8; provincial level:
25. Among these relics, there are: 10 pagodas; 07 revolutionary historic relics; 07
archaeological relics and 09 others. However, there is no cultural relics in Thoi Hoa ward
where the project site is located.
4.3.
Infrastructure conditions
My Phuoc Industrial Park (MPIP) was established on June 12, 2002 and located in the
northern part of Binh Duong which is one of provinces and city in the Southern Key
Economic Zone of Vietnam. It has many industrial parks and located on the trunk road
39
(National Highway 13) of Ben Cat District, Binh Duong Province. It has been invested
by The Binh Duong Trading – Investment and Development Corporation (Becamex IDC
Corporation) which is a Vietnamese joint stock company belonging to Binh Duong
province.
Located in Thoi Hoa IRP, the project will be facilitated by existing and planned
infrastructures in and around the IP. At the time of preparing this report, the
infrastructures in My Phuoc 4 IP are in the early stage of construction.
Transportation infrastructure
The site is located at the corner of the National highway 13 and Ring road 4. National
highway 13 which is a trunk road connected the network of roads in nationwide. The
width of the surface of the highway 13 is 24 meters and the width of pavement are 6
meters. The width of the surface of the Ring road 4 is 47.5 meters and the width of
pavement is 7.25 meters. My Phuoc-Tan Van expressway has a total length of 30 km
long with six lanes. This project started the construction in Aug., 2009. My Phuoc- Tan
Van expressway helps to transport goods from My Phuoc industrial park to many sea
ports and airports in the Southern Key Economic Zone with shortened transport time of
25 minutes and reduced cost of 70% in comparison with other existing transportation
lines.
Internal road system in My Phuoc 4 or Thoi Hoa IRP which is now under construction is
25-62 meter wide with bitumen surface and loading capacity of 40-60 tons/cm2.
Electric and water supply
- Electric supply: an existing nation grid (22 KV) runs along highway 13 from Ben Cat
–My Phuoc transformer station.
- Water supply system: the water mains will be install by Binh Duong water supply sewerage - environment Co., Ltd. (BIWASE) in the next year. Based upon the master
plan at scale 1/2000, a Ø 200 water main system located along the southeast side of D9
road.
Storm Drainage
Storm water of the project site is drained to conform to natural drainage patterns and
discharge to the open canal running through the site. These natural drainage paths should
be modified as necessary to contain and safely convey the peak flows generated by the
development.
Sanitary Sewer
A Ø 300 existing main sanitary sewer located along the southeast side of D9 road and a
Ø 200 existing sanitary sewer main located along the Northeast side of Ring road 4
managed by BIWASE.
According to the master plant of My Phuoc 4 IP, Becamex will build a central waste
water treatment plant which ensures to receive and process waste water treatment from
all units in the IP according to the TCVN 5945:2005 standard at A grade before being
discharged into river with. Its capacity will be developed as following: Stage 1: 4,000
m3/day; Stage 2: 8,000 m3/day and Stage 3: 4,000 m3/day.
However, the schedule of constructing it is not clear yet. Therefore, it recommended, the
project shall install its own wastewater treatment plant.
Telecommunications
40
The communication infrastructure and service will be supply by the Post and
Telecommunication Company (VNPT) through Becamex, investor of My Phuoc IP.
- Telephone cable system will be installed to the land boundaries as customer
requirements with unlimited capacity. Fiber optics system can be connected with
advanced telecommunication applications and other private channels.
- Telephone channels: IDD, VoIP, ADSL.
4.4.
Current status of environment
In order to collect baseline data on environmental quality of the project site, a field
survey was conducted on 9 January 2010. At the site, samples of air, soil and ground and
surface water were collected and analyzed by Vietnam Institute for Tropical Technology
and Environmental Protection (VITTEP).
At the time of sampling, the construction of infrastructure of My Phuoc 4 IP (i.e. internal
road, sewage installation) is taken place around the project site. Density of vehicle
circulation on national highway 13 is not high. The main vehicles are cars, trucks and
motorbikes.
4.4.1.
Air quality
Table 4.2 Sampling results of air quality in the project area
No.
Parameters
Unit
Sample Analysis Result
K1
K2
K3
Permitted
standard
(QCVN05:2009/
BTNMT)
K4
1
Dust (TSP)
mg/m3
0.35
0.31
0.30
0.45
0.30
2
SO2
mg/m3
0.104
0.090
0.089
0.117
0.35
3
NO2
mg/m3
0.088
0.065
0.071
0.092
0.2
4
CO
mg/m3
3.0
3.7
3.1
4.2
30
Note:
QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation “Ambient Air Quality”;
K1: Sampling point on the corner of D9 road and Ring road 4 (northwest corner).
K2: Sampling point on the corner of D9 road and the existing residential area (southwest
corner).
K3: Sampling point on the southeast corner of the site bordered by the existing residential
area.
K4: Sampling point next to the cross of National Highway 13 and C1 canal.
(The samplings points are shown on Sampling Map attached in Appendix 3).
Comment:
Except dust, concentrations of other pollutants in the air are much lower that
permitted standard. Specifically, SO2 is 3 times, NO2 is about 2 times and CO is about 10
times lower than permitted levels in QCVN 05: 2009/ BTNMT.
41
Dust concentrations measured are equal to or slightly exceed the standard. As
mentioned above, the infrastructure construction is taken place around the site so dust
level increases.
At the sampling point K4 which is near highway 13, all the pollutants reach
highest values. This is from the exhaust of traffic on highway 13.
4.4.2.
Noise
Table 4.3 Sampling results of noise level in the project area
No.
Noise
Unit
Sample Analysis Result
K1
K2
K3
Permitted Level
(TCVN 59491998, 6h -18h)
K4
1
Lmax
dBA
82.0
71.0
72.3
92.5
2
Lmin
dBA
67.1
60.6
61.3
73.4
3
LEQA
dBA
72.5
64.1
64.0
81.7
75
Note:
TCVN 5949:1998 – Acoustics - Noise in public and residential areas - Maximum
permitted noise level (6h -18h)l;
K1: Sampling point on the corner of D9 road and Ring road 4 (northwest corner).
K2: Sampling point on the corner of D9 road and the existing residential area (southwest
corner).
K3: Sampling point on the southeast corner of the site bordered by the existing residential
area.
K4: Sampling point next to the cross of National Highway 13 and C1 canal.
(The samplings points are shown on Sampling Map attached in Appendix 3).
Comment:
- The noise level at the sampling point K4 exceed permitted standard specified in TCVN
5949-1998 because of traffic activity on Highway 13.
4.4.3.
Surface water quality
Table 4.4 Sampling result of surface water quality in the project area
No.
Parameters
Unit
Sample
Result (W2)
Permitted Level
(QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT,
Level B1)
6.9
5.5 – 9
mg CaCO3/l
80
-
1
pH
2
Total hardness
4
Total suspended
solid (TSS)
mg/l
0.12
30
5
Total dissolved
solid (TDS)
mg/l
210
-
42
6
N-NO3-
9
Coliform
mg/l
0.2
10
MPN/100ml
1.5 x 104
7500
Note:
QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation “Surface Water Quality”- Level
B1: for irrigation purpose;
W2: Sampling point on C1 canal near National Highway 13.
(The samplings points are shown on Sampling Map attached in Appendix 3).
Comment:
- There is only Coliform parameter exceed the permitted level about twice. There are
sewages discharging directly wastewater from the existing residential area to the canal.
This is the reason why the canal is polluted by coliform.
4.4.4.
Ground water quality
Table 4.5 Sampling result of groundwater quality in the project area
No.
Parameters
1
pH
2
Total hardness
3
Unit
Sample
Analysis
Result (W1)
Permitted Level
(QCVN
09:2008/BTNMT)
6.3
5.5 -8.5
mg CaCO3/l
205
500
Total iron (Fe)
mg/l
1.1
5
4
Total dissolved solid
(TDS)
mg/l
253
-
5
N-NO3-
mg/l
1.4
15
6
As
mg/l
< 0.001
0.05
7
Pb
mg/l
< 0.001
0.01
8
Coliform
MPN/100ml
<3
3
Note:
QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT : National Technical Regulation “Ground Water Quality”
W1: Sampling point at a household in existing residential area (ground water pumped
from the depth of 90 m underground).
(The samplings points are shown on Sampling Map attached in Appendix 3).
Comment: All concentrations of measured parameters are lower than permitted levels
specified in QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT.
4.4.5.
Soil quality
Table 4.6 Sampling result of soil quality in the project area
No.
Parameters
Unit
Sample Analysis
43
Permitted Level
Result (S)
(QCVN
03:2008/BTNMT)
1
Pb
mg/kg soil
0.26
12
2
As
mg/kg soil
0.015
5
3
Cu
mg/kg soil
0.07
100
4
Cd
mg/kg soil
<0.01
200
5
Zn
mg/kg soil
1.08
300
Note:
QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT: Maximum allowable limits of heavy metals in the soil (land
used for residential purposes)
W1: Sampling point at surface layer of soil in the project site.
(The samplings points are shown on Sampling Map attached in Appendix 3).
Comment: All concentrations of measured parameters are much lower than permitted
levels specified in QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT.
In general, the current environment is slightly polluted by the construction, domestic and
traffic activities. Specifically, the air is impacted by dust and noise generated by both
construction and traffic; surface water in canal C1 is polluted by coliform originating
from domestic wastewater.
44
CHAPTER 5:
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
The VGU project brings back many positive impacts on social –educational conditions. It
plays an important role in developing and improving the quality of higher education in
Vietnam and Binh Duong in particular. The Vietnamese German University is a technical
university following the German model– a model which bears world-wide renown and is
successful. It strives at becoming the leading research university in Vietnam, meeting
international standards and setting regional benchmarks. Therefore, it is to have a
lighthouse effect for Vietnam.
During construction phase, the project will prioritize to employ and train local workers
for construction works. In operational phase, it will provide lots of jobs for both
academic and non-academic employees. The output of VGU is highly educated and
skilled human resources which will serve well the social –economic development of
local area, Southern region and even other parts of Vietnam.
On the other hand, the project also imposes many other negative impacts to natural and
social environment during land preparation phase, construction phase and operational
phase. The following contents will focus on analyzing these negative impacts.
5.1.
Environmental impacts during land preparation phase.
Impacts
The main impacts in this phase are land consumption, resettlement, ecology loss and
unemployment.
As mentioned above, the original land of the project is agricultural and residential land
which was mainly planted rice, industrial trees such as rubber and cashew nut which have
low biodiversity value. Thus, the impact of the project on ecology is not significant. Most
of trees and households in the project area have been cleared in order to leave the land for
other use purpose by Becamex.
According to public consultation result (see appendix 2), many households living in
neighborhood residential area used to earns their living on their agricultural lands which
are now become land of Thoi Hoa IRP. Although, they have already received
compensations but they have lost their jobs or source of regular incomes. Many peoples
survey are now unemployed. Some lives on the bank interest of their compensation
money, some lives on the other family members’ support.
Besides, the clearance and demolishing activities cause a lot of dust and other pollutants
in the air. Soil may follow run off to contaminate the surface water. Now all these
activities are finished. Infrastructures of Thoi Hoa IRP (internal road, drainage, etc.) are
under early construction at the time of writing this report. The sampling results show that
the dust level exceeds the permitted standard at most sampling points.
Mitigation measures
Because the land preparation activities have been done by Becamex. Hence, this report
does not propose mitigation measure for the impacts of the clearance and demolishing
activities. However, the compensation measures for ecology loss and income loss will be
proposed.
45
In phase 1 of construction, re-vegetation will be done in order to compensate tree
loss due to site clearance. Specifically, the total green area of the project will be 306,168
m2 . The types of trees planted will be carefully considered in order to be suitable with
local conditions.
VGU will prioritize to employing and training affected people from neighborhood
to do some non–academic jobs inside VGU such as cleaning service, dinning and kitchen,
etc.
5.2.
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Construction phase
Based on project particulars and existing environmental conditions, the potential impacts
both positive and negative have been identified that are likely to result from the
construction of proposed VGU project. Like other construction projects, the VGU
construction will provide huge employment opportunity (i.e. construction workers). This
may be the only social positive effect of construction phase. Meanwhile, the potential
negative impacts are multiform as listed below:
Air pollution
Noise and vibration
Community and traffic disturbance
Water pollution (ground and surface water)
Solid waste
Ecology
Public and safety risks (occupational safety, diseases, land subsidence and
flooding risk).
Cultural relics and archaeology
5.2.1.
Air quality
Impacts
Constructing buildings and infrastructures has potential to impact negatively on the
localized air quality. This may be more seriously if there are other projects also
constructed near VGU (especially in My Phuoc 4 IP).
The air quality will be affected by the following activities:
Excavation to form basement of buildings, facilities and to install substructures.
This will generate a lot of dust.
Operation of construction machines using fossil fuel such as generators. Their
main emissions are NO2, SO2, CO, THC, dust.
Circulation of vehicles that serving for the site such as cars, trucks which transport
construction materials, spoils (from excavation) in and out the site. In some cases, these
activities may cause traffic congestion in Highway 13 or ring road 4. That will intensify
the load of emissions of NO2, SO2, CO, THC and dust.
Careless material storage and transport (i.e. without covering) may generate great
dust.
46
The sensitive receptors will be the existing residential area on the south and southwest,
VGU staff and students (in phase 2 construction) and the residential project on the east of
the project. The former will be affected more seriously in rainy season when the wind
direction is west-southwest and the latest will be affected seriously in dry season when
the wind direction is east – northeast. However, the rain water in rainy season will reduce
concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere. But usually, most of construction projects
are implemented in dry season in order to avoid interruption by rain.
Mitigation measures
Temporary walls and barriers need to be installed around the construction sites in
order to reduce the dust transmission to outside. Especially on the west, east and south
borders of the site the barriers should be higher than other borders at least 2 meters).
The entrance to the site should be located on ring road 4 in order to avoid
obstructing busier vehicle circulation on highway 13 and disturbing residential area by
the operation of vehicles serving for the site.
Construction materials and spoils have to be covered carefully during storage at
site and transport in and out the site.
Water spraying inside and around the construction sites as well as for transport
vehicle wheels has to be done regularly.
Good transport regulation can reduce air pollution from traffic congestion.
Employ new model construction machines which are energy efficiency. This will
reduce the emission load.
5.2.2.
Noise and vibration
Impacts
The operation of construction equipment and transport vehicles and the construction
methods employed during construction phase will likely cause significant noise and
vibration which can disturb communities and structure near the site. This type of impact
is also forecasted to be serious on the existing residential area on south and southwest.
Most of the houses here is low quality construction (grade 3 and 4). Therefore, the
residents here will be easily disturbed by noise and their house may be damaged by
vibration from the site. The residential project on the east and VGU students and staff (in
phase 1) are also impacted but at lower level because their houses will be more modern
and stable in design with adequately noise and vibration prevention capacity.
Noise
Table 5.2 illustrates some examples of typical noise levels from construction equipment.
Table 5.1 Examples of typical noise levels from construction equipment
Type of equipment
Sound level, in dBA, at 7m
Pile driver
Truck scraper, grader
Pneumatic drill
Compressor
110
94
90
85
47
Concrete breaker
Crane
Generator
85
85
82
(Source: Morris and Therivel, 2001)
These noise levels at the distance of 7 meters from the noise source obviously exceed the
allowed standards. Thus any receptor who stays close to the border of the site are easily
to be affected.
The condition can become worse if these noisy machines are operated during night time
when most people are resting at home especially vulnerable groups such as the ill
persons, the elderly, babies, students (particularly during the exam time), etc..
Experience shows many construction projects would need night time construction
because of the following reasons:

Technically some construction activities such as concrete pouring for buildings and
bridges may require continued, non-stop operation;

Transportation of construction materials to and spoils from the construction sites may
take place at night to avoid the day time traffic;

Need to shorten the construction schedule.
Vibration
The vibration is mainly rooted from the piling and excavation activities at open the site.
Fortunately, the press-in piling method will be employed. According to The White et al.
(2001) study, a direct comparison of dynamic and press-in piling at one site revealed a
10-50 times reduction in ground vibrations when using the press-in method (see figure
5.1). They proposed the “best fit line” equation to predict press –in piling vibration:
Vpress-in (mm/s) = 7 / r (m)
r: distance from piling operation
48
(0.3 – 0.7 mm/s)
Figure 5.1 Reduction in vibration when using press-in method instead of other dynamic
piling methods (i.e. diesel hammer or vibratory)
(Source: White et al., 2001)
Mitigation measures
The following measures will be applied to mitigate noise and vibration impacts during
construction
Construct noise barriers, such as temporary walls between noisy activities and
receivers. This can reduce noise by up to 15 dB (Morris and Therivel, 2001).
Re-route and regulate the traffic in order to prevent traffic congestion which is the
main source of loud noise (i.e. locate site entrance on ring road 4 to avoid the traffic in
highway 13, regulate the schedule of traffic in and out the site).
Combine noisy operations to occur in the same time period. The total noise level
produced will not be significantly greater than the level produced if the operations were
performed separately.
Avoid nighttime activities if possible because sensitivity to noise increases during
nighttime hours in residential neighborhoods.
Use construction machines and methods that generate low noise and vibration (i.e.
using press-in piling method).
Equip silencer for engines.
Mitigation for night construction:
As night time construction would result in particularly significant impacts to residents
and other sensitive receptors, night time construction (from 8 pm to 7 am next morning)
will be banned. No construction activities including transportation trucks will be allowed
to operate within these hours.
49
However, as described above there might be some cases where night time construction
for technical or schedule reasons have to be carried out. In these cases, the following
special measures will be taken:
All night time construction will need a special permit from the local environmental
authority which may be issued only when night time construction are absolutely
necessary and cannot be avoided. The authority would review carefully each of
application for night time construction on an individual case basis and approved only
when it can be assured that there are other alternatives and only the contractors or the
applicants have satisfactory plans for mitigating the night time construction impacts.
Residents living within the potentially impacted areas will be noticed ahead of time
for the length and noise intensity of the proposed night time construction. Information on
why the night construction is necessary and mitigation measures to be taken will be
provided to these residents to obtain their understanding. These residents will be
consulted for their concerns, difficulties, and suggestions for noise control prior to the
commencement of night time construction. These concerns will be responded and
suggestions adopted where appropriate.
Night time construction will be arranged in such a way to avoid exam time of
students. These are particularly sensitive time when students need the good night sleep in
preparation for exams.
Concreted mixer, power generated and other stationary equipment will be carefully
placed to be far away from residential areas to ensure no noise impacts from these
machines. Where possible, municipal power supply will be utilized in construction
including night time construction as diesel generators are extremely noise and avoiding
using them is the best mitigation.
Equipment with lower noise levels will be used for concrete pouring operations,
which may require 24 hours non-stop operation;
Temporary noise barriers at the appropriate places may be erected to reduce the
noise impacts at the night time. These areas may include noisy stationery construction
machines and/or areas with sensitive receptors.
Notice boards will be erected at all construction sites providing information about
the project, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staff,
telephone number and other contact information so that any affected people can have the
channel to voice their concerns and suggestions, and
Close supervision personnel from the Project Management Unit (PMU) will be
assigned to the construction sites during the period of night time construction to ensure
that the above measures are taken and to respond to any un-anticipated impacts by
necessary mitigation measures.
5.2.3.
Community, utility and traffic disturbance
Impacts
During construction, the contribution of transport vehicles serving project construction
(i.e. material supply, waste and soil disposal, etc.) will increase the traffic volume along
the ring road 4 and highway 13. However, the existing traffic in the project area has not
been very crowded and congestions have rarely happened. Therefore, the traffic
50
disturbance will be not too significant. Nevertheless, if there are other projects under
construction at the same time, the traffic conditions will be worsened.
The construction site will disturb the community in terms of traffic disturbance, noise,
dust generation which are already analyzed carefully above. Besides, the visual impact
can annoy people in project area as well as people passing by.
Bridge construction may damage parts of embankment along C1 canal.
Mitigation measures
A traffic management plan (detailing routes, schedules, responsibilities) prior to site
works shall be prepared by the contractor in coordination with My Phuoc 4 IP
management board, local authorities.
Construction plan and schedule, traffic diversion plan have to be communicated to
people in advance, especially those live in and near the project area.
Have the mechanism for receiving and response to complaints e.g. hot line number
must be available at the construction sites.
Collaborate with My Phuoc 4 IP management board to repair the embankment after
the bridge is finished.
5.2.4.
Water quality
Impacts
Surface water
Water pollution in C1 canal may result from run off which contains solid waste and
wastewater produced by construction sites and labor camps, and from the accidental
spillage of fuel, lubricants and other chemicals. Furthermore, increased soil erosion and
dust and sand at construction sites, sediment rich water pumped out of excavated points
may lead to increased turbidity in surface watercourses.
With around 300 workers employed, it is estimated that approximately 36 m3 of
wastewater will be generated daily (120 liters/person/day). This waste water will have
high concentration of BOD5, oil, N, P which exceed National regulation QCVN
14:2008/BTNMT ( type B). Therefore it shall be treated properly before discharge.
Ground water
Activities of machines during excavation and piling may pollute the groundwater
because of oil and grease leakage or waste disposal. On the site visit, when discussing
with some residents near the project area, they told that they have to use groundwater that
pumped from very long depth (about 90 m deep) because of water quality. Therefore, the
project construction will not impact negatively on groundwater use of neighborhood
residents because the deepest depth of piles and basements is smaller that 10m.
Mitigation measures
Prioritize to employ workers in local area so they can come home after working time.
This will reduce the volume municipal wastewater significantly.
Provision of adequate washing and toilet facilities with septic tanks and appropriate
refuse collection and disposal system in labor camps should be made obligatory.
Site cleaning should be done daily at construction site and in labor camps to avoid run
off from sites to spoil water bodies.
51
Good management of construction, chemicals and machine maintenance are effective
measures to reduce impact of hazardous waste on water bodies.
Function contractors such as Binh Duong Water supply – Sewage – Environment Ltd.
Company will be hired to treat and dispose solid, hazardous and toilet waste generated
during project construction.
-
5.2.5.
Solid waste
Impacts
A large amount of municipal waste will be generated from workers’ activities in
construction site and labor camps. With around 300 workers employed, it is estimated
that approximately 0.15 ton of solid waste will generate daily (0.5 kg/person/day).
Besides, there are spoils generated from excavation.
Hazardous waste such as oils, greases and chemicals may leak or be disposed from
construction machines. However, the quantities will be negligible.
Besides, there is also huge amount of spoils from excavation to build basement of the
buildings.
Calculation of spoil disposal
Total building coverage area 52,191 m2 in phase 1 and 30,004 m2 in phase 2.
Average depth of excavation: 5 m
Thus the volume of spoils generated in phase 1 is 261,000 m3 and in phase 2 is 150,000
m3.
Part of spoils will be reuse on site for backfilling the buildings’ basements and leveling
the stadiums, sport courts and sidewalks. It is estimated that 90% spoils will be reuse.
Therefore, the total volume of spoils must be disposed outside will be:
Phase 1: 26,100 m3
Phase 2: 15,000 m3
Thus, the volume of spoils disposed is quite huge. Without careful management, the
storage, transport and disposal of spoils are likely to cause significant impact on the
environment both air and water bodies (i.e. dust, solid). The analysis result of soil sample
of the site shows that the soil in the project site is not polluted by hazardous heavy
metals. Therefore, the disposal of spoils will not contaminate other site in terms of
hazardous pollution.
Mitigation measures
- Waste bins will be provided in construction sites and labor camps to store municipal
waste generated.
- Hazardous waste shall be collected and stored in separate and safe facilities. Laborers
will be trained to mitigate and handle with municipal and hazardous waste.
- Reuse 90% of spoils for backfilling the buildings’ basements and leveling the
stadiums, sport courts, internal roads and sidewalks. Spoils waiting for reuse must be
stored with careful cover to prevent dust. The storage position must not be next to the
water course to mitigate the risk of water pollution by run-off .
-
52
- Function contractors such as Binh Duong Water supply – Sewage – Environment Ltd.
Company will be hired to treat and dispose spoils, solid, hazardous and toilet waste
generated during project construction.
5.2.6.
Social impact, public health and safety risks
Impacts
When employing many workers for construction of the project, bad habituals or conflicts
and even criminals will happen between the workers themselves and between the workers
and local people including gambling, fighting, lifestyle difference, littering, drunkage.
These will cause bad effect to the local safety and security.
Transportation of heavy construction machinery can damage local infrastructure such as
street, electricity grid and water supply network. Beside of those, a sudden increase in
power and water consumption can generate shortage of these services for the local
households.
However, the good side is when the project is under construction, there will be working
opportunities and income improvement chance for local people such as workers (both
skilled and unskilled), food and drink shops and other entertaining activities.
A sudden increase of transportation at the site areas by construction machinery and
workers can generate risks of traffic accident to local people and sequencely create
burden to local medical care system.
Fire because of careless behavoirs of workers at site is another risk to be considered
especially in dry season.
Construction works unavoidably expose workers to occupational health and safety risks.
Activities to mention in this respect are excavations; working with heavy equipment;
working in confined spaces; working on and along traffic roads; heavy lifting; storage,
handling and use of dangerous substances and wastes; working under noisy conditions.
Particularly, working underground is a quite new for many workers while lots of
potential risks may arise.
As discussed above, Binh Duong’s average height ranges from 6-60 m so risk of flooding
in Binh Duong in general and in project area in particular is very small. Besides, having
calm climate, it rarely encounters natural disasters such as storm, hurricane and cyclone.
Public health problems may occur in the case of badly managed construction camps and
work sites. At construction sites, pools of standing water may form in pits, holes,
excavated ditches, etc. In the tropical climate of Binh Duong, this creates suitable
habitats for insect disease vectors such as petechial fever or malaria.
Not only laborers working for the project but also the people from adjacent communities
may expose to these health and safety risks (e.g. meeting with accident when entering the
bad – managed construction sites, spreading of diseases outside the construction sites or
camps).
Mitigation measures
- Training on special skills, environment, emergency and safety regulation will be
provided for workers before hiring.
- Safety equipment will be available on site such as helmets, masks, fire
extinguishers, flash lights, medicines, etc.
53
- The construction process needs to be supervised and monitored carefully order to be
able to detect the early sign of accidents (i.e. subsidence, crack).
- People from outside are restricted to enter the construction sites in order to avoid
accidents.
- Both construction sites and labor camps shall be cleaned regularly and provided
adequate sanitary equipments in order to reduce risk of spreading diseases.
- The risk of traffic accident can be mitigated through controlling of technical
condition of vehicles. Raising awareness campain such as advising people not to drive
after drink or do not using mobile phone when driving, etc.. Arranging specialised staff
for traffic control at site especially at entrances.
- Firefighting procedure and equipment need to be available at site at every place that
fire can happen.
5.2.7.
Cultural relics
Impacts
In the neighborhood of project area, there is no important cultural structures which may
be affected by the project construction. Although there is no major direct impact to any
known cultural relics by project construction, there could still be potential for chance
finds of archaeological properties during construction.
Mitigation measures
To minimize adverse impacts or damages to these chance finds, the following procedures
have been proposed and will be incorporated into contractors’ standard operation
procedures:
When a chance find or potential chance find is uncovered at the construction site, all
construction activities at the site will be immediately put hold.
Workers and site management are responsible to take necessary measures to protect
the chance finds from damages by construction related or other activities such as sliding,
flooding, damages by machinery, access by others, stolen, etc.
Contractors will notice the PMU, project owner and cultural relic authority
immediately.
Site investigation by professional archaeologists may be conducted to determine the
nature, value, conditions, areas of the find, etc. On this basis, the professional team will
recommend on next steps as to preserve the site or not.
Construction may only resume following the reports of the professional investigation
and approval of the cultural relics authority.
If the site is of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals
and requested by the cultural relic authority, the project owner will need to make
necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site.
All contractors and construction supervision companies will be trained by the
professional before the construction starts to understand the procedures and the basics on
how to recognize a potential archaeological chance find.
All these mitigation measures will be included in the project Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) which is a document used during the construction phase to enforce and
supervise the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. And all which require







54
the actions of the contractors will be included in the bid documents and later the contracts
to ensure that these mitigation measures and actions will become contractual obligations
for the contractors which can be enforced by the PMU and the environmental monitoring
team.
5.3.
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operational phase
When the project comes into operation in new location, it will contributes to In the
operational phase, wastewater, solid waste energy consumption and air pollution are four
main impacts considered as significant and needed to apply suitable mitigation measures.
5.3.1.
Air quality
In operational phase of VGU projects, there are two main sources of emissions which
may pollute the ambient air:
Traffic activities: vehicles of staff and students in VGU.
Operation of generators for power stand-by purpose.
Emission from traffic activities
When VGU is coming into operation, there will be high volume of traffic vehicles going
in and out the university. The vehicles consist of cars or motorcycles and bikes of staff,
students and guests; trucks which serve for logistic activities such as food, waste
transport. The exhaust from these vehicles contains dust, NO2, CO, CO2, SO2 and THC.
The beginning and the end of each working day are the times that air pollution become
most seriously because it’s the time most vehicles of staff and students coming and
leaving VGU. In these time traffic congestion easily happens, especially on highway 13.
Emission from generators
For power stand-by purpose, The project have a plan to install generators as follow:
Phase 1 BD:
Zone 1:

Station No.1:1@1,000 KVA/0.4 KV diesel generator.
Zone 2:

Station No.2: 1@3,600 KVA/6.6 KV diesel generator..
Zone 3:

Substation 3.1: 1@400 KVA/0.4 KV diesel generator.

Substation 3.2: 1@630 KVA/0.4 KV diesel generator
Phase 2 BD:
Zone 2:

Station No.2: 1@4,000 KVA/6.6 KV diesel generator..
Zone 3:

Substation 3.3: 1@400 KVA/0.4 KV diesel generator
Calculation of emission load and concentration from generators
(i)Emission flow
55
Capacity factor of new generators is about 80%. The fuel consumption of a diesel
generator is based on the size of the generator (capacity) and the load at which the
generator is operating at.
At normal conditions, air emission generated when burning completely 1 liter of diesel
oil (DO) is about 26 m3.
Therefore, the real capacity, fuel consumption (at full load) and emission flow of these
generators in phase 1 and phase 2 are shown in the tables below:
Table 5.2 Real capacity, fuel consumption and emission flow of generators in phase 1
Zone
Station No.
Real capacity (kW)
DO consumption
(liters/ hour)
Emission flow
(m3/hour)
1
1
800
216
5,616
2
2.1
2,880
768
19,957
3
3.1
320
87
2,262
3.2
504
137
3,556
Table 5.3 Real capacity fuel consumption, emission flow of generators in phase 2
Zone
Station No.
Real capacity (kW)
DO
consumption
(liters/ hour)
Emission flow
(m3/hour)
2
2.2
3.200
870
22.620
3
3.3
320
87
2.262
(ii) Emission load and concentration
With fuel used is diesel oil (0.05 S), the emission from generators are mainly SO2, NOx,
CO and dust. Emission factors of these pollutants are referred from “Assessment of
Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution -Part 1: Rapid Inventory Techniques in
Environmental Pollution” which was published by WHO in 1993.
Table 5.4 Emission factors of emission pollutants from diesel generators
Pollutants
Emission factors (kg/MWh)
TSP
0.369
SO2
10.4 S
NOX
5.01
CO
1.14
VOC
0.415
(Source: WHO, 1993)
56
Based on the emission flow and emission factors of pollutants, emission loads and
concentrations of pollutants in exhaust from diesel generators in phase 1 and 2 are
estimated as below:
Table 5.5 Emission loads and concentrations of pollutants from generators
Phase
Generators
Pollutants
TSP
SO2
NOx
CO
PHASE 1
1
(1000
KVA)
Emission loads
(g/h)
295
416
4008
912
Concentrations 52.5
(mg/m3)
74.1
714
162
2.1
(3600
KVA)
Emission loads
(g/h)
1,062
1,498
14,429
3,283
Concentrations
(mg/m3)
53.3
75.0
723
165.0
3.1
(400 KVA)
Emission loads
(g/h)
118
166
1,603
365
Concentrations 52.1
(mg/m3)
73.3
708
161.3
186
262
2,525
575
Concentrations 52.0
(mg/m3)
74.0
710.0
161.6
1,660
16,030
3,650
Concentrations 52.1
(mg/m3)
73.4
708.7
161.3
118
166
1,603
365
Concentrations 52.1
(mg/m3)
73.3
708
161.3
3.2
(630 KVA)
PHASE 2
Emission loads
(g/h)
2.2
(4000
KVA)
Emission loads
(g/h)
3.2
(400 KVA)
Emission loads
(g/h)
1,180
QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT(B) (mg/m3)
200
500
850
1000
Note:
QCVN 19 :2009/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on “industrial emission for dust
and other inorganic substances” – Column B: applied for enterprises who operate later
than 16 January 2007.
When generators operate, all pollutants are lower than permitted standard. For example
dust levels are 4 times lower, CO and SO2 levels are 6.7 times lower and CO levels are
57
6.2 times lower than permitted levels set in QCVN 19: 2009/BTNMT. Besides, these
generators only operate when there is power cut. With the power supply conditions in
Binh Duong, it is estimated power cut take place 1 day per month in maximum. Thus,
the total emission load of these generators is not significant. So there is no need to install
emission treatment systems for these generators.
Mitigation measures:
Collaborate with local bus service and Becamex to develop bus routes from VGU to
some key places such as Binh Duong center, Ho Chi Minh city, Tan Son Nhat airport and
provide lower fare for VGU students and staff. Besides, VGU should have policy
encourage its staff and students to use public bus such as providing low bus fare and high
parking fee.
Entrance to VGU is located in ring road 4 in order to avoid crowded traffic on
highway 13. This will contribute to prevent noise from traffic congestion.
Frequently maintain generators system.
Use diesel oil type with % S is 0.05. This will reduce the load of SO 2 (in the fuel
market of Vietnam there are two categories of DO: 0.05 S and 0.25S). Use biodiesel oil
when possible.
5.3.2.
Noise
Impacts
Noise is mainly generated from traffic activities, operation of air conditioning system and
generators. However, generators are only used for stand-by purpose. They just operate
when there is power cut. Therefore, this noise source is not frequent. Meanwhile, the
other two are usually taken place. With traffic source, the beginning and the end of each
working day are the times that noise impact become most seriously because it’s the time
most vehicles of staff and students coming and leaving VGU.
Mitigation
Collaborate with local bus service and Becamex to develop bus routes from VGU to
some key places such as Binh Duong center, Ho Chi Minh city, Tan Son Nhat airport.
Besides, VGU should have policy encourage its staff and students to use public bus such
as providing low bus fare and high parking fee.
Parking areas have to be located far from academic area and designed with tree
buffer around to reduce noise impact.
Entrance to VGU is located in ring road 4 in order to avoid crowded traffic on
highway 13. This will contribute to prevent noise from traffic congestion.
Frequently maintain generators and air conditioning system.
Place generators in sound proof room
5.3.3.
Water use and wastewater
Impacts
Water use
With huge number of students and staff as well as visitors, VGU will consume a large
amount of water everyday. It is estimated that daily water demand of VGU in phase 1 is
975 m3 and in phase 2 is 1,858 m3 which is double phase 1. This huge consumption will
58
cost VGU a lot in terms of money and cost the nature in terms of natural resource
exploitation.
Wastewater
Wastewater sources during operation period are mainly municipal wastewater from
kitchen, toilets, bathrooms, etc. This kind of wastewater is usually heavily contaminated
by organic mater (TSS, BOD5, COD), bacteria (coliform).
Typical concentrations of pollutants in municipal waste water are described in the table
below:
Table 5.6 Concentrations of pollutants in untreated municipal waste water
No.
Parameters
Concentration (mg/l)
Light polluted
Average
Heavy
polluted
1
Total Solid (TS)
350
720
1,200
2
Total Suspended solid (TSS)
100
220
350
3
Total organic carbon
80
165
275
4
BOD5
110
220
400
5
COD
250
500
1,000
6
Grease and oil
50
100
200
7
Coliform No/100
106 - 107
107 – 108
107 – 109
(Source: Metcalf and Eddy, 1991)
Based on, supply water estimation, the waste water volume is assumed to be equal to
supply water input (975 m3 /day in phase 1 and 1,858 m3/day in phase 2). If this
wastewater is directly discharged without proper treatment, it will likely contaminate
water and soil environment.
Mitigation measures:
The mitigation measures for water use and wastewater also follow 3R approach: reduce –
reuse – recycle. For achieve this aim, the following measure should be done:
By this way, VGU can indirectly contribute to the 3R aim of Binh Duong.
(1) Awareness raising
Awareness raising campaigns should be made among students and staff on water saving:
Not use potable water for non-potable purpose.
Use enough water for personal demand such as take shower instead of bathing; take
quick shower; turn off the tap when finish cleaning, etc.
Water recycle scheme of VGU, etc.
This campaign can be integrated with other campaigns such as solid waste reduce, reuse
and recycle, energy saving.
(2) Recycle wastewater
59
The wastewater generated will be treated for recycle purpose instead of discharging all.
Recycled water will be use as much as possible for non-potable purposes such as toilet
and urinal flushing, irrigation, fountain, etc.
(3) Hazardous wastewater
Small amount originate from laboratories which may contain little chemicals due to
cleaning of experimental equipments will be collected and stored separately in a labelled
hazardous liquid tanks. Material selection have to be well considered before storing but
widely used is solvent safety cans which have volume of 20 litres or 100 litres.
Never mix incompatible materials together in a single tank. List of incompatible liquids
must be identified in advance and labelled on the tanks.
These hazardous liquid tanks will be sent to licensed organisation for final treatment.
Wastewater treatment system
Design parameter
Flowrate: Phase 1: Q = 975 m3/day (40.63 m3/h) and Phase 2: Q = 1,858 m3/day
Influent: Domestic wastewater from university activities.
Effluent:
Permitted standard for discharging: QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT (column B, discharged into
a water body that is not used for water supply)
Table 5.7 National regulation QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT “Domestic wastewater”
No
Parameter
Unit
Limit value
-
5-9
1
pH
2
BOD5 (20oC)
mg/l
50
3
Total Suspended Solid
mg/l
100
4
Total Dissolved Solid
mg/l
1000
5
S2-
mg/l
4.0
6
N-NH4+
mg/l
10
7
N-NO3-
mg/l
50
8
Vegetable oil and grease
mg/l
20
9
Surfactant
mg/l
10
mg/l
10
MPN/ 100ml
5.000
10 P-PO4311 Coliforms
Permitted standard for reuse: so far, there is not any regulation about quality of reuse
water. It can be assumed that, reuse water has to match the standard of supply water that
can be used for domestic purposes (non-potable) TCVN 5502:2003.
60
Table 5.8 Vietnamese standard TCVN 5502:2003 “Domestic water supply quality”
No
Parameter
Unit
Limit value
1
NH3 (N)
mg/l
3
2
Antimon
mg/l
0.005
3
As
mg/l
0.01
4
Benzene
mg/l
0.01
5
Surfactant
mg/l
0.5
6
TDS
mg/l
1000
7
Pb
mg/l
0.01
8
Cl-
mg/l
250
9
Coliform
MPN/100ml
2.2
10
Cr
mg/l
0.05
11
Mineral oil
mg/l
0.1
12
Hardness (CaCO3)
mg/l
300
13
Turbidity
NTU
5
14
Cu
mg/l
1.0
15
E.Coli
MPN/100ml
0
16
F-
mg/l
0.7-1.5
17
H2S
mg/l
0.05
18
Zn
mg/l
3.0
19
Mn
mg/l
0.5
20
Color
Pt-Co
15
21
Odour
-
No strange odour
22
Al
mg/l
0.5
23
NO3- (N)
mg/l
10
24
NO2- (N)
mg/l
1
25
DO
mg/l
6
26
Phenol
mg/l
0.01
27
Fe
mg/l
0.5
28
Pesticide - organic Cl
mg/l
0.1
29
Pesticide – organic P
mg/l
0.01
30
Hg
mg/l
0.001
31
Radioactivity α
pCi/l
3
61
32
Radioactivity β
33
34
pCi/l
30
Taste
-
No strange taste
CN-
mg/l
0.07
Note: TCVN 5502:2003: Domestic water supply – Quality Requirements
Considering related standards such as TCVN 6773:2000 (irrigation water quality) and
QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT (surface water quality that is used for supply water), the TCVN
5502-2003 is much stricter and therefore can assure safety of domestic use in VGU
campus.
Treatment process
Treatment diagram: see figure below
Brief description:
Wastewater from lavatories and wastewater from canteen after oil removal flow to
pumpit of the wastewater treatment plant. From here, it is pumped through fine screen to
remove small particles, to equalisation tank which helps to equalise the flowrate and
concentration of contaminants.
Wastewater then runs to biological treatment tank which using denitrification process
combining MBBR (moving bed bio reactor) for high efficiency removal of nitrogen,
phosphorous and organic matter. After sedimentation, wastewater is pumped through
sand filter.
UV disinfection shall be applied before containing in storage tank.
62
Influent
Oil removal tank
Influent from canteen
Bar rack
Pumpit
Fine screen
Excess water
Equalisation tank
Air
Biological tank MBBR
Sludge
Sedimentation tank
Intermediate tank
Sludge thickener
Tanker
Sand filter
UV disinfection
Storage tank
Discharge
Reuse
Figure 5.2 Flow diagram of VGU wastewater treatment process
63
5.3.4.
Solid waste
Impacts:
During the operation period of VGU, solid waste will be generated everyday in two
kinds: non-hazardous and hazardous waste.
Non- hazardous waste
This kind of waste is mainly municipal waste generated from offices, kitchens,
restaurants and other public places such as sport areas, parking, green area, etc. The main
constitutions of this waste are food waste (80% of total waste), green waste, papers,
newspapers, plastic bottles and packaging, glass bottles, cardboard.
Estimation of municipal waste is shown in table below.
Table 5.9 Estimated Daily solid waste generation
Phase 1 (2016 – 2020)
Population
Daily solid waste
generation/capita
(Kg/person/day)
Daily solid
waste
generation (kg)
Residential students
4,000
0.75
3,000
Non-Residential students
1,000
0.1
100
Resident academic staff +
Dependants
360
0.75
270
Non-Residential academic staff
180
0.1
18
Non academic staff
300
0.1
30
1,200
0.1
120
Description
Visitors
Total daily solid waste generation (kg)
3,538
Phase 2 (2021 – 2030)
Population
Daily solid waste
generation/capita
(Kg/person/day)
Daily solid
waste
generation (kg)
Residential students
7,200
0.75
5,400
Non-Residential students
4,800
0.1
480
Residential academic staff +
Dependants
360
0.75
270
Non-Residential academic staff
690
0.1
69
Non academic staff
800
0.1
80
3,000
0.1
300
Description
Visitors
Total daily solid waste generation (kg)
(Source: ACE)
64
6,560
Hazardous waste
According to the hazardous waste list issued by Decision No. 23/2006/QĐ-BTNMT
dated 26 Dec, 2006 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment, the following
wastes generated in VGU boundary are classified as hazardous:
Used chemicals (already reacted) from laboratories.
Residue solvents, coolants, acids, and alkalis, lubricants and oil and chemical
contaminated clouts from equipment and machine maintenance activities.
Electric wastes such as lighting pumps, computers, and other electric circuits, etc.
Used batteries and accumulators.
Used insecticide, pesticide and fertilizer bottles.
Sludge disposed from the wastewater treatment plant (this sludge may contain some
hazardous substances originating from laboratories such as heavy metal, cyanide, etc.)
The quantity of these waste is not as high as that of non –hazardous waste because the
frequency of their generation is not usual.
Table 5.10 Estimation of hazardous wastes in VGU
No.
Hazardous waste
Quantity in phase 1 Quantity in phase 2
(kg/month)
(kg/month)
1
Used chemicals from laboratories
100
200
2
Residue solvents, coolants, acids,
and alkalis, lubricants and oil
5
10
3
Chemical contaminated clouts
3
6
4
Electric wastes
50
100
5
Used batteries and accumulators
20
40
6
Used insecticide, pesticide and
fertilizer bottles
10
20
7
Wastewater treatment sludge
500
1000
Total
688
1,376
Mitigation measures:
Non- hazardous waste
The aim of VGU in solid waste handling is 3R: Reduce –Reuse – Recycle. For achieving
this, the following measures should be applied:
(1) Develop solid waste separation at source scheme in VGU.
This scheme should be in line with existing regulation, solid waste treatment capacity and
plan of Vietnam and Binh Duong in particular.
According to Law on Environmental Protection (2005), waste separation at source is
obligatory for all waste source owners (municipal, industrial and service). The simplest
separation is separating solid waste into (1) organic waste which is biodegradable (i.e.
food waste, green waste) and solid waste which can be reuse and recycle.
65
According to “Strengthening Plan of Binh Duong Solid waste management system”
approved by Decision 693/QĐ-UBND on 26 Feb 2009 of Binh Duong People’s
Committee, the waste separation at source scheme of Binh Duong is planned to follow
this simplest way and be implemented in 3 phases:
2008 -2009: develop legislation system on solid waste separation at source, prepare
human resource and infrastructure and raise awareness of communities.
2010 -2012: implement the scheme in Thu Dau Mot town, Di An, Thuan An
districts and in big factories, industrial parks.
2012 -2020: apply the scheme for the whole province.
Coming into operation in 2015, VGU at least shall follow this scheme of the province.
For implementing this scheme, VGU have to equip two kinds of waste bins: green bins
for storing organic waste (mainly food waste) and yellow bins for storing other waste.
These two kinds of bins should be provided in each students houses, staff houses, guest
houses, offices and in public places. Bins must have covers to prevent odour disturbance.
The bins will have many sizes which can fit specific places. Besides, biodegradable
plastic bags should be provided too. There are two kinds of bin volume proposed:
(1) Primary bins: for storing waste in primary sources (student houses, staff houses,
offices, public places):
Volume of bin proposed: 50 liters
(2) Secondary bins: for gathering wastes collected from primary bins. These bins will
be placed in gathering place of each building area to weight for trucks of waste treatment
contractor come to collect.
Organic waste will be collected daily, other waste will be collected twice a week by
cleaner staff and gathered to waste gathering areas of VGU to wait for function
contractors to collect and transport to treatment places such as landfill, composting and
other recycle factories.
Estimation of numbers of bins and biodegradable plastic bags:
Waste composition: 80% organic waste and 20% other waste.
- Weigh of or organic waste is 2830 kg/day in phase 1 and 5,248 kg/day in phase 2.
- Weight of other waste in phase 1 is 707 kg/day and 1,312 kg/day in phase 2.
Specific weight of municipal solid waste is about 500 lb/yd3 or 296.65 kg/m3
(Tchobanoglous et al., 1993). So the volume of each type of weight as following:
- Volume of or organic waste is 9.539 m3 /day in phase 1 and 17.690 m3 /day in phase 2.
- Volume of other waste is 2.383 m3 /day in phase 1 and 4.423 m3 /day in phase 2.
Based on the volume of waste generated, the frequency of collection of each waste is as
follow:
Organic waste: once per day.
Other waste: twice per week..
The number of bins to be invested: Number of green bins and yellow bins will be equal
because they will be both provided in each place.
(3) Primary bins: storing waste in primary sources (student houses, staff houses,
offices, public places):
66
Volume of bin proposed: 50 liters
Number of bins: 380 bins (190 green and 190 yellow) in phase 1 and 708 bins (354 green
and 354 yellow) in phase 2.
(4) Secondary bins: for gathering wastes collected from primary bins
Volume of bin proposed: 480 liters
Number of bins: 40 bins (20 green and 20 yellow) in phase 1 and 74 bins (37 green and
37 yellow) in phase 2
(3) Biodegradable bags (only use for 50 liter bins):
Phase 1: 173,375 bags/year
Green bag (organic waste): 380 bags/day  138,700 bags/year
Yellow bag (other waste): 380 bags/4 days  34,675 bags/year
Phase 2: 323,025 bags/year
Green bag (organic waste): 708 bags/day  258,420 bags/year
Yellow bag (other waste): 380 bags/4 days  64,605 bags/year
(2) Green Procurement
Currently, Vietnam in general and Binh Duong in particular are encouraging socialization
(privatization) in solid waste collection –transportation – treatment. Therefore, in the near
future, there will be many companies participate in this field. VGU can choose contractor
who perform most environmental friendly treatment method (i.e. composting, recycling).
By this way, VGU can indirectly contribute to the 3R aim of Binh Duong.
(3) Awareness raising
Awareness raising campaigns should be made among students and staff on:
- The 3R issue. Students and staff should be encourage to:
 Save food.
 Use less plastic bags by bring own bag when shopping or reuse plastic bags.
 Buy products with less packaging.
 Use less paper by printing in two sides, read electric documents and news on
computer.
 And so on.
Guidelines of waste separation at source scheme.
The campaign can be made in many forms such as posters, leaflets, seminars.
Hazardous waste
For managing hazardous waste in labs, there will be a procedure established on how
to store and handle these waste (used chemicals); special storage of these waste will be
installed on site; people who work in labs shall be trained on this procedure.
Hazardous waste shall be collected and stored in separated bins with non –
hazardous waste. Each kind of hazardous wastes shall be stored in separated bins (6
kinds) excepted sludge from waste water treatment plant stored in the tank of waste
treatment plant. The number of bins needed is 6 bins with volume of 240 liters/bin in
phase 1 and 12 bins in phase 2 gathering in one designated place (i.e. near waste water
treatment plant). Frequency of collection is once per month.
67
Besides, any biological waste such as gel such as used cell culturing media,
supernatant, any part of an animal infected with a communicable disease; sharp and
pointed items used in medical care, diagnosis, and research; laboratory glassware which
is known or suspected to be contaminated with hazardous biological agents must be
collected in the appropriate containers and sterilized or disinfected before disposal.
Autoclaving (steam sterilization) is the preferred and generally regarded as the most
reliable method of sterilizing biological waste. Depending on the volume of waste to be
sterilized, it may be necessary to extend the duration of exposure to high temperature
steam under pressure. However, operation and safety procedure must be developed in
advance of any installation and using of such equipment.
Register for hazardous waste source owner at Binh Duong Department of Natural
Resource and Environment (DONRE) following specification in Circular No.
12/2006/TT-BTNMT dated 26 Dec, 2006 of the Minister of Natural Resources and
Environment on guiding the practice conditions, procedures for compilation of dossiers,
registration and licensing of hazardous waste management practice and identification
numbers.
Contract with licensed contractor to collect, transport and treat these waste
following Vietnamese regulation. The license and facilities of contractor must be checked
before signing contract.
At present time, there is one hazardous waste treatment company located at Nam Tan
Uyen Industrial Park named Viet Xanh Co.(incinerator). This company also has
hazardous waste transport license. For the time being, VGU can utilize this company
while waiting for more options from provincial treatment facilities in the future.
According to “Strengthening Plan of Binh Duong Solid waste management system”,
Binh Duong will complete the Southern Binh Duong Waste Treatment complex in 2015
and the other complex (total area of 300 - 400 ha) in 2020. These complex consists of
sanitary landfill, landfill waste water treatment plant, hazardous waste incinerator, solid
waste separation area and recycling area. Therefore, the province’s facility for hazardous
waste treatment will be ready when the project come into operation.
5.3.5.
Energy consumption
Impacts
There are two kinds of energy consumptions in VGU:
Consume fossil fuel for transport (vehicles of staff and students) and for other
machines such as generators.
Consume of electricity for buildings’ activities such as lighting, air conditioning and
ventilation, water heating. This is the main energy consumption of VGU. It is estimated
that total power requirements for campus will be 9,010 KVA for phase 1 and 8,739 KVA
for phase 2.
Energy consumption means fossil fuel consumption (directly or indirectly). This
contribute to the exhausting of fossil fuel and global warming (climate change).
Mitigation measures
 Energy saving in transport activity: Collaborate with local bus service and Becamex
to develop bus routes from VGU to some key places such as Binh Duong center, Ho Chi
Minh city, Tan Son Nhat airport. Besides, VGU should have policy encouraging its staff
68
and students to use public bus such as providing low bus fare and high parking fee. This
will reduce the number of private vehicles and so reduce fossil fuel consumption.
 Energy saving in buildings:
(1)
Measures during technical design
Siting and organizing the building configuration and massing to reduce energy for
lighting, ventilation and air conditioning.
Utilizing natural light as a substitute for (or complement to) electrical lighting.
Using natural ventilation whenever possible.
Using heat insulation material for buildings.
Using more energy efficient cooling and lighting equipment.
Utilizing solar power by installing solar power battery panel on buildings’ proof
s(i.e. for heating water).
(2)
Measures during operation
- Periodically conduct maintenance of generators and air conditioning system. This will
help to increase energy efficiency of these systems.
- Set internal rules for staff and student on energy saving (i.e. turn off the light, air
conditioner and computer when go out, do not open window when turn on air
conditioner).
- Raise awareness among staff and students on energy saving.
- Conduct energy audit once a year in order to find out any energy inefficiency and
opportunities to save energy.
5.3.6.
Social impact, public health and safety risk
Impacts:
The Vietnamese German University is a new model university in Vietnam. It will hold a
very important role in developing high quality education system in the southern of
Vietnam. This project will encourage people about a chance to get high quality education
without going abroad. Many opportunities will also be given to researchers or
administratives.
During the operation period, VGU will comply strictly all sanitary standards in order to
prevent occurrence of any disease. However, as a public area gathering many people
coming from many places both inside and outside Vietnam, there will be high risk of
contagious diseases spread out such as H1N1, H5N1 influenza, bird flu, etc in VGU.
This impacts may imposed not only on VGU students and staff but also on neighborhood
community. Therefore VGU shall prepare carefully ton prevent and mitigate impacts
when diseases start to spread out in local area and even in VGU.
As mentioned above, there are some laboratories in VGU in which some safety risks due
to accidents during chemical handling and storage (i.e. chemical spillage and fire).
Besides, there is fire and explosion risk from electrical system.
Mitigation measures:
VGU shall have a health clinic to serve for students and staff health check demand
and emergency.
69
Establish operational procedure and chemical management procedure in
laboratories.
People working in laboratories must be trained in advance.
Periodically maintain electrical system.
Install fire fighting infrastructure system and procedure in VGU and regularly
practise emergency response for staff and students.
Periodically check health conditions of students and staff (i.e. every semester or
school year). This task can be done by VGU clinic alone or in associate with a hospital.
When any disease breaks out, the following tasks should be done:
o
Strictly follow guidance of Ministry/Department of Public Health and
Ministry/Department of Education and Training.
o
Establish a school health activities steering committee to collaborate with the
National Steering Committee for Human Pandemics to carry out, guide and monitor all
emergency measures, as well as healthcare and disease prevention in educational units
nationwide.
5.4.
Integrated environmental management measure (LOTUS)
VGU project plans to apply LOTUS green building rating tool which is consulted by
Vietnam Green Building Council (VGBC).
The purpose of LOTUS is to provide a recognizable framework for sustainable building
in Vietnam. It is market-based “green adaptation” system and is modeled on existing
international GB systems (LEED, Green Star, Green Mark...). Lotus relates fully to the
existing building regulations of Vietnam as well as normal building practices here, so it is
locally relevant. It considers climate and urban development situations peculiar to
Vietnam. Lotus has been developed by local and international leading building experts.
LOTUS is composed of 9 different credits (energy conservation, water conservation,
material conservation, ecology, pollution and waste, health and comfort, adaptation and
mitigation, community, and management).
Applying this tool will help VGU to manage all of its environmental and social aspects
from designing phase to construction phase and during operational phase.
70
CHAPTER 6:
6.1.
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
Alternatives
This chapter will focus on the two following alternatives:
– Alternative 1: with VGU project developed at the proposed site
– Alternative 2: without VGU project at the proposed site. In this situation, the site
will be used for other residential project because it is inside the planned Thoi Hoa
industrial and residential park (the site is located in residential part of the park).
6.2.
Analysis of alternatives
The two above alternatives will be compared in all environmental, social and economic
aspects in order to find out the preferred alternative (see table 6.1)
Table 6.1 Analysis of alternatives
Aspects
Phase
Environment Land
preparation
Construction
Operation
Alternative 1: with VGU
project
Alternative 2: without
VGU project
Similar
Similar
Similar
Similar
Wastewater will be treated on
site for recycling. Thus, it will
not cause any pollution to
water courses.
Wastewater
will
be
connected to the central
waste water treatment
plant of Thoi Hoa IP.
However, the schedule of
building this plant is not
cleared. Therefore, the
waste water from the
residential project on site
may have to discharge
directly in the early stage
which will pollute the
water courses.
Hazardous waste: will include
lab waste.
Hazardous waste: will not
include lab waste.
Public health: higher risk of
spreading contagious diseases
because of gathering of many
people from many people
coming from many places
both inside and outside
Vietnam
Public health: less risk of
spreading contagious
diseases
Other impacts: similar
Other impacts: similar
71
Social Economic
Land
preparation
Loss of crop land and jobs of
neighborhood residents who
used to be farmers. However,
VGU will have a plan to
prioritize to employ these
people in its operational phase
to do cleaning, dining works,
etc.
Construction
Similar
Operation
- Improve the quality of
higher education in Vietnam
and Binh Duong in particular.
- Provide high quality human
resource serving for social –
economic development of
Binh Duong and other parts of
Vietnam
- Provide many jobs for both
academic and non –academic
staff
Loss of crop land and jobs
of neighborhood residents
who used to be farmers.
The residential project can
not create new jobs for
these people.
Similar
- Provide residential place
for people.
According to table 6.1, alternative 1: with VGU project has much more advantages in
comparison with alternative 2: without VGU project. Therefore, alternative 1: with VGU
project is obviously the preferred one.
72
CHAPTER 7:
7.1.
7.1.1.
PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION
DISCLOSURE
Requirements of public consultations
Requirements of World Bank (OP 4.01)
For all Category A and B projects proposed for financing, during the EA process, the
borrower consults project affected groups and local nongovernmental organizations
(NGOs) about the project’s environmental aspects and takes their views into account. The
borrower initiates such consultations as early as possible. VGU project is classified as
category B project by WB so it is required to do the public consultations at least once.
According to WB’ requirement, the affected group of VGU project is defined as the
existing residential area on the south of the project (commune 4, Thoi Hoa ward). The
density of households in this area is around 30 households.
7.1.2.
Requirements of Vietnamese regulation (Circular 05/2008/TT-BTNMT)
The project owner shall send to the commune level People’s Committee and the
Fatherland Front Committee a document notifying the project’s principal investment
items, environmental issues and environmental protection measures and requesting them
to give their written opinion on these matters.
7.2.
7.2.1.
Methodology of public consultations
Methodology for consulting affected people in commune 4, Thoi Hoa ward
For community consultation, the interview technique was employed. To prepare for the
interview, the following documents had been developed:
1. The summary of project description, its environmental impacts and mitigation
measures. This would be read by interviewee before answering the question (in the
questionnaire.
2. The public consultation questionnaire which comprise the following contents:
a. General information of interviewee (name, education, occupation, address).
b. Interviewee’s assessment about the current status of the local environment (air
quality, noise, vibration, water quality).
c. Interviewee’s assessment about the current status of the local infrastructure (water
and electricity supply, drainage, traffic).
d. Interviewee’s opinion about the impacts of the project during construction phase
(air quality, noise, vibration, water quality, solid waste, social – economic).
e. Interviewee’s opinion about the proposed mitigation measures during construction
phase (agree/disagree).
f. Interviewee’s opinion about the impacts of the project during operational phase
(air quality, noise, vibration, water quality, solid waste, social – economic).
73
g. Interviewee’s opinion about the proposed mitigation measures during operational
phase (agree/disagree).
h. Interviewee’s opinion about implementation of the project (agree/disagree).
This public consultation was conducted on 6 February 2010. Fourteen (14)
households was chosen randomly to do survey (see attached filled questionnaires
in appendix).
7.2.2. Methodology for consulting People’s Committee and the Fatherland Front
Committee of Thoi Hoa ward
On 6 February 2010, VGU has sent to the People’s Committee and the Fatherland Front
Committee of Thoi Hoa ward a document notifying the project’s principal investment
items, environmental issues and environmental protection measures and requesting them
to give their written opinion on these matters.
On 10 February 2010, the People’s Committee and the Fatherland Front Committee of
Thoi Hoa ward had feedback about their written opinions (attached documents in
appendix).
7.3.
7.3.1.
Results of public consultations
Opinions of affected people in commune 4, Thoi Hoa ward
The public consultations showed that majority of affected people used to be farmers and
low educated. They have lost their crop land for building Thoi Hoa Industrial and
Residential Park. Despite of receiving all compensation for their land from Becamex,
they have lost their job or their regular income. Some of them are living on bank interest
of the compensation; some have already spent all the money for building houses or
sharing for their offspring. Considering this social aspect, this EIA has proposed VGU
project to prioritize to employ these people for some job positions such as cleaning or
dinning staff (see section 5.1).
About their assessment on the current status of the local environment, the air quality is
considered to be polluted the most (dust) and noise comes the second (see figure 7.1).
These impacts are generated from the infrastructures construction activities at Thoi Hoa
IRP nearby.
74
14
12
10
No idea
8
Not polluted
6
Polluted
4
Very polluted
2
0
Air
quality
Noise
Vibration
Surface
water
Ground
water
Figure 7.1 Affected people’s assessment of the current status of the local environment
About their opinions on the impacts of the project during construction phase, air
pollution, noise, vibration, incidents (diseases, fire, etc.) and solid waste have
dramatically high rating as negative impacts (see figure 7.2). Meanwhile, social –
economic impacts of the project during this phase are all considered as positive or no
impact.
14
12
10
8
6
No impact
4
Negative impact
2
Possitive impact
0
Figure 7.2 Affected people’s opinions on the impacts of the project during construction
phase
About their opinions on the impacts of the project during operational phase, air pollution,
noise, incidents (diseases, fire, etc.), solid waste and surface water pollution are highly
considered as negative impacts (see figure 7.3). Social –economic impacts of the project
during this phase are mostly rated as positive or no impact.
75
14
12
10
8
6
No impact
4
Negative impact
Possitive impact
2
0
Figure 7.3 Affected people’s opinions on the impacts of the project during operational
phase
100% of people interviewed agreed with the proposed mitigation measures of this EIA
report for the project.
100% of people interviewed agreed with the implementation of VGU project.
Generally, all of people interviewed agree with the project implementation as well as the
proposed mitigation measures of this EIA report for the project. The survey results on
their opinions about the current status of the environment and impacts of the project
showed that they concern the most about the air pollution, noise, vibration, incidents,
solid waste and surface water pollution issues.
7.3.2. Opinions of People’s Committee and the Fatherland Front Committee of Thoi
Hoa ward
a. Opinions about negative impacts of VGU project to natural and social –economic
environment :
Negative impacts of the project are at controllable level and able to be mitigated.
b. Opinions about proposed mitigation measures for negative impacts of VGU project to
natural and social –economic environment:
Proposed mitigation measures are feasible and suitable.
c. Recommendation for project’s owner:
During construction and operational phases, the project’ owners shall comply with all
commitments stated in the EIA report.
7.4.
7.4.1.
Information disclosure
Information disclosure following WB requirement (OP 4.01)
Once VGU officially transmits any separate Category B EA report to the Bank, the Bank
76
makes it available through its InfoShop.
7.4.2. Information Disclosure following Vietnam regulation (Circular 05/2008/TTBTNMT)
Once the EIA report approved by Binh Duong DONRE, VGU project’s owner have to:
1. Report to the People’s committee of Ben Cat district on the contents of the decision
approving of the project’s EIA report, within 15 days after the date of receipt of the
decision.
2. Make a summary of the approved EIA report and post it up at the office of the
commune level People’s committee where the community consultations have been
carried out within 5 days after the receipt of the decision approving of the project’s EIA
report till the project is put into operation.
77
CHAPTER 8:
8.1.
8.1.1.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Mitigation
Compensation measures during land preparation phase
Table 8.1 Summarization of significant adverse impacts and mitigation measures during land preparation phase
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
1
Air pollution and noise from:
- Excavation work (dust);
- Clearance of houses and
vegetation.
- Transport of materials and
spoils;
- Operation of construction
machines
No mitigation measure is
proposed because these
activities have been completed
by Becamex.
3
Ecology
The original land of Thoi Hoa
IRP and the project in particular
is agricultural land which were
mainly planted industrial trees
such as rubber and cashew nut
which were all cleared by
Becamex.
In phase 1 of construction, re- No significant adverse
vegetation will be done in order impact
to compensate tree loss due to
site clearance. Specifically, the
total green area of the project
will be 306,168 m2. The types
of trees planted will be carefully
considered in order to be
78
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
Be carried out in
construction phase
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
suitable with local conditions.
2
Social – Economic:
People living in nearby
residential area have lost their
land and incomes
8.1.2.
Mitigation measures during construction phase
Employ affected people for
some job position such as
cleaning or dining staff.
No significant adverse
impact
Be carried out in
operational phase
Table 8.2 Summarization of significant adverse impacts and mitigation measures during the construction phase
No.
1
Environmental impacts
Air pollution by emission from:
- Excavation work (dust);
- Transport of materials and
spoils;
- Operation of construction
machines
- Careless material storage
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
1.1. Installing temporal walls
or barriers;
1.2. Locate entrance to the
site on ring road 4;
1.3. Carefully cover material
and spoil during storage and
transport;
1.4. Water spraying
1.5. Good transport
regulation
1.6. Use new and energy
No significant adverse
impact.
Measure 1.6 contributes
energy saving.
Measure 1.1, 1.2, 1.5
and 1.6 contribute to
reduce noise
- Measure 1.1, 1.2, 1.5
and 1.6 are also
included in noise
mitigation plan.
79
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
efficient machines
2
Noise and vibration by activities
of
- operation of construction
equipment and transport vehicles.
- Piling and excavation work.
2.1. Apply measure 1.1,1.2, 1.5
and 1.6 of air pollution
mitigation plan.
2.2. Combine noisy operations
to occur in the same time
period.
2.3. Equip silencer for engines.
2.4. Avoid nighttime
construction
2.5. In case of night
construction is necessary:
- Apply for permit from local
authorities.
- Avoid exam time
- In from neighborhood
residents in advance.
- Provide hot line publicly.
- Assign supervisor from PMU.
-Place lousy machines far from
receptors.
In case that night
construction is
necessary, the noise
impacts cannot be
prevented.
- Apply measure
1.1,1.2, 1.5 and 1.6 of
air pollution mitigation
plan.
3
Community, utility and traffic
disturbance
3.1. Apply all measures to
mitigate noise and air pollution
No significant adverse
impact
Apply all measures to
mitigate noise and air
80
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
- Increase traffic volume;
- Noise, air pollution, traffic
disturbance annoy community
- Bridge construction may
damage parts of embankment
impacts.
3.2.
Collaborate with My
Phuoc 4 IP management board
to repair the embankment after
the bridge is finished
4
Surface and ground water
pollution
- run off containing solid waste
and wastewater.
- accidental spillage of fuel,
lubricants and other chemicals
- increased soil erosion and dust
and sand
- Sediment rich water pumped
out of excavated points
4.1. Provide adequate washing
and toilet facilities with septic
tanks and appropriate refuse
collection and disposal system.
4.2. Clean the site daily
4.3. Good management of
construction
4.4. Sign contract with
functioned company to dispose
solid, hazardous and toilet
waste.
4.5. Prioritize to employ local
workers to reduce wastewater.
No significant adverse
impact
Measure 4.1 is also
included in solid waste
mitigation plan.
5
Solid waste:
- 0.3 ton of municipal waste
- 200,000 m3 of spoils in phase 1
and 200,000 m3 of spoils in phase
2 need to be disposed.
- Hazardous waste such as oils,
5.1. Provide waste bins
5.2. Collect and store hazardous
waste in separate with other
waste.
5.3. Reuse 80% of spoils for
backfilling the buildings’
No significant adverse
impact
Apply measure 4.4 in
water pollution
mitigation plan.
81
pollution impacts.
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
greases and chemicals may leak
or be disposed from construction
machines. However, the
quantities will be negligible.
basements and leveling the
stadiums, sport courts, internal
roads and side walks.
5.3. Apply measure 4.4 in water
pollution mitigation plan.
6
Public health and safety risk
- Occupational health and safety
risk of workers and community.
- Spread of insect disease vectors
such as petechial fever or malaria
6.1. Train workers on special No significant adverse
skills, environment, emergency impact
and safety regulation.
6.2. Provide Safety equipment
on site such as helmets, masks,
fire extinguishers, flash lights,
and medicines.
6.3.
Carefully
supervise
construction process.
6.4. Restrict people from
outside entering the site.
6.5. Both construction sites and
labor camps shall be cleaned
regularly and provided adequate
sanitary equipments
7
Cultural relic
7.1. Put holds all construction No significant adverse
In the neighborhood of project when a chance find is impact
area, there is no important uncovered.
82
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
No.
8.1.3.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
cultural structure. However, there
could still be potential for chance
finds of archaeological properties
during construction.
7.2. Take necessary measures to
protect the chance finds from
damages.
7.3. Notice the PMU, project
owner and cultural relic
authority immediately.
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
Mitigation measures during operational phase
Table 8.3: Summarization of significant adverse impacts and mitigation measures during the operational phase
No.
1
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
Air pollution by emission from:
- Traffic activities: vehicles of
staff and students in VGU.
- Operation of generators for
power
stand-by
purpose.
(infrequent source)
1.1. Encourage using public
bus;
1.2. Locate entrance to VGU
on ring road 4;
1.3. Frequently
maintain
generators system.
1.4. Use diesel oil type with
% S is 0.05. This will reduce
the load of SO2 (in the fuel
market of Vietnam there are
two categories of DO: 0.05 S
No significant adverse
impact.
Measure
1.1
also
contributes to reduce
noise
and
increase
energy saving.
- Measure 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
is also included in noise
and energy consumption
mitigation plan.
83
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
and 0.25S). Use biodiesel oil
when possible.
2
Noise by activities of
- traffic activities,
- operation of air conditioning
system and generators.
2.1. Apply measure 1.1,1.2, 1.3 No significant adverse Apply measure 1.1,1.2,
of air pollution mitigation plan. impact.
1.3 of air pollution
mitigation plan.
2.2. Parking areas have to be
located far from academic area
and designed with tree buffer
around to reduce noise impact
2.3. Parking areas have to be
located far from academic area
and designed with tree buffer
around to reduce noise impact.
2.4. Place generators in sound
proof room
3
Water use and waste water
- Huge consumption of water.
-Wastewater sources are mainly
municipal wastewater which is
usually heavily contaminated by
organic matter (TSS, BOD5,
COD), bacteria (coliform).
- Small amount originate from
laboratories which may contain
3.1.Awareness
raising No significant adverse
campaigns should be made impact
among students and staff on
water saving.
3.2.
Install
wastewater
treatment plant which can treat
waste water meet standard
TCVN 5502:2003 in order to
recycle water for non-potable
84
All contents of waste
and water reduce –reuse
–recycle and energy
saving can be integrated
into the awareness
campaigns.
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
little chemicals due to cleaning of use.
experimental equipments.
4
Solid waste:
- Non-hazardous waste:
municipal waste (food waste,
green waste, paper, glass, plastic,
etc.)
- Hazardous waste: Lab used
chemical waste, e-waste, used oil
and lubricants, used batteries and
accumulators, used insecticide,
pesticide and fertilizer bottles,
sludge disposed from the
wastewater treatment plant.
Non –hazardous waste: Reduce No significant adverse
–Reuse –Recycle
impact
4.1. Waste separation at source
scheme: provide two kinds of
bins to collect biodegradable
organic and other waste in
separation.
4.2. Green procurement in
waste treatment service
4.3. Raise awareness among
students and staff on 3 R and
Waste separation at source
scheme.
Hazardous waste
4.4. Set procedure, install
special storages to manage lab
waste and train people who
working in labs.
4.5. Collect and store hazardous
waste in separate with other
waste.
4.6. Register for hazardous
85
All contents of waste
and water reduce –reuse
–recycle and energy
saving can be integrated
into the awareness
campaigns.
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
waste source owner at Binh
Duong DONRE.
4.7. Sign contract with licensed
contractor to collect, transport
and treat these waste following
Vietnamese regulation.
5
Energy consumption
- Consume fossil fuel for
transport (vehicles of staff and
students) and for other machines
such as generators.
- Consume of electricity for
buildings’ activities such as
lighting, air conditioning and
ventilation, water heating.
Energy consumption means fossil
fuel consumption (directly or
indirectly). This contributes to the
exhausting of fossil fuel and
global warming (climate change).
5.1. Apply measure 1.1 and 1.3 No significant adverse
of air pollution mitigation plan. impact
5.2. Integrate Energy saving
and efficiency criteria into
building design process (i.e.
natural lighting and ventilation)
5.3. Set internal rules for staff
and student on energy saving
(i.e. turn off the light, air
conditioner and computer when
go out, do not open window
when turn on air conditioner).
5.4. Raise awareness among
staff and students on energy
saving.
5.5. Hiring consultant to
conduct energy audit once a
year in order to find out any
energy
inefficiency
and
86
Apply measure 1.1 and
1.3 of air pollution
mitigation plan
All contents of waste
and water reduce –reuse
–recycle and energy
saving can be integrated
into the awareness
campaigns.
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
opportunities to save energy.
8
Public and Safety risk
As a public area gathering many
people coming from many places
both inside and outside Vietnam,
there will be high risk of
contagious diseases.
Risk of fire and explosion from
electrical system.
Risk from laboratories (chemical
spillage, fire and explosion)
8.1. Establish
operational No significant adverse
procedure
and
chemical impact
management procedure in labs.
8.2. Train people working in
laboratories.
8.3. Periodically
maintain
electrical system.
8.4. Install
fire
fighting
infrastructure
system
and
procedure
8.5. Regularly
practise
emergency response for staff
and students.
8.6. VGU shall have a health
clinic to serve for students and
staff health check demand.
8.7. Periodically check health
conditions of students and staff
8.8. When any disease breaks
out, the following tasks should
be done:
o
Strictly follow guidance
of Ministry/Department of
87
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
No.
Environmental impacts
Mitigation measures
Public
Health
and
Ministry/Department
of
Education and Training.
o
Establish a school health
activities steering committee to
collaborate with the National
Steering Committee for Human
Pandemics.
88
Potential
environmental impact
of mitigation measures
Linkage with other
mitigation plans
8.2.
Environmental monitoring plan
The environmental monitoring plan during project construction and operation are develop
in order to check the compliance with environmental regulation of Vietnam and also to
check the need for corrective actions (see appendix 5). The plan consists of parameters to
be measured, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, applied permitted
standards (thresholds that will signal the need for corrective actions and monitoring and
reporting procedure.
Table 8.3 VGU Environmental monitoring plan in construction phase (applied for both
construction phase 1 and 2)
Environment Monitoring
parameters
Air quality
Monitoring Position
Monitoring
frequency
SO2, CO, NO2, 4 positions:
Once per 6
TSP, noise
months
1. Entrance on ring
road 4
2. Cross of ring road
4 and highway 13
3. The point near
VGU, existing
residential area and
highway 13.
4. In the new
residential area (west)
Surface water pH, TSS,
quality
BOD5,NH4+,
NO3-, oils and
grease,
Coliform
1 position
1. On C1 canal inside
project site.
Groundwater
quality
1 position
Once per 6
1. In a residential area months
near staying next to
the project.
pH, TS, COD,
NH4+,
Coliform
Once per 6
months
Applied permitted
standard
QCVN
05:2009/BTNMT,
QCVN
06:2009/BTNMT
QCVN 08:
2008/BTNMT (B1)
QCVN 09:
2008/BTNMT
Table 8.4 VGU Environmental monitoring plan during operational phase (phase 1 and 2)
Environment Monitoring
parameters
Air quality
and noise
Monitoring Position
SO2, CO, NO2, 6 positions:
TSP, noise
1. Entrance on ring
road 4
2. 4 parkings
3. Wastewater
89
Frequency of Applied permitted
measurement standard
Once per 6
months
QCVN
05:2009/BTNMT,
QCVN
06:2009/BTNMT
treatment plant
Surface water pH, TSS,
quality
BOD5, NH4+,
NO3-,
Coliform
1 position
1. On C1 canal inside
VGU.
Once per 6
months
QCVN 08:
2008/BTNMT (B1)
Groundwater
quality
pH, TS, COD,
NH4+,
Coliform
1 position
Once per 6
1. In a residential area months
staying next to the
project.
QCVN 09:
2008/BTNMT
Treated
wastewater
pH, NH3,
TDS,
Coliform,
Ecoli, As, Pb,
Cr.
1 position
Storage tank of
treated wastewater.
Once per 6
months
TCVN 5502:2003
Emission
from big
capacity
generators
Dust, SO2,
NOx, CO
Phase 1: 2 positions
- Station No.1: 1000
KVA
- Station No.2: 3600
KVA
Phase 2: 3 positions
- Station No.1: 1000
KVA
- Station No.2.1:
3600 KVA
- Station No
2.2:4000 KVA
Once per 6
months
QCVN
19:2009/BTNMT
Monitoring and reporting procedures
VGU will sign contract with licensed environmental monitoring organization to
implement the environmental monitoring once per six months for both construction and
implementation stages. The monitoring report will also be done by this organization.
Corrective actions are proposed in this report.
The report will be send to VGU for review and take corrective action as soon as possible.
At the same time this report also submitted to World Bank, MONRE and Binh Duong
DONRE (It is obligatory to submitted monitoring report to Vietnamese authorities).
8.3.
Commissioning procedures
According to Vietnam Law and Regulations on Environmental protection, VGU project’s
owner shall prepare and submit an EIA report to Binh Duong Department of Natural
Resources and Environment (DONRE) for approval. After its EIA report is approved by
Binh Duong DONRE, VGU project’s owner still have responsibilities to complete,
90
especially the procedure for examining and certifying compliance with requirements set
in the decision approving of the project’s EIA report.
Responsibilities of project owners after the EIA report approved by Binh Duong DONRE
(following Article 11 of Circular 05/2008/TT-BTNMT):
3. To report to the People’s committee of the district where the project will be
implemented on the contents of the decision approving of the project’s EIA report, within
15 days after the date of receipt of the decision.
4. To make a summary of the approved EIA report and post it up at the office of the
commune level People’s committee where the community consultations have been
carried out within 5 days after the receipt of the decision approving of the project’s EIA
report till the project is put into operation.
5. To prepare and send to Binh Duong DONRE the following reports and documents:
- A report on the plan on construction and installation of environmental treatment
and protection facilities;
- A report on trial operation of environmental treatment and protection facilities;
- A report on implementation of the project’s EIA report and compliance with
requirements set out in its approval decision before the project is put into operation,
enclosed with a written request for certification.
Dossiers, order and procedures for examining and certifying compliance with
requirements set in the decision approving of the project’s EIA report(following Article
16 of Decree 80/2005/ND-CP):
1. A dossier of request for examination and certification shall consist of:
a. Written request for examination and certification
b. Written description of environmental protection facilities and measures stated in
the EIA report, enclosed with the design dossier and technical parameters of
environmental protection facilities and equipment.
Environmental protection and treatment facilities must be technically surveyed
before requests for examination and certification are filed.
c. Relevant recognition and survey certificates
2. Within 15 working days after receiving valid dossier of project’s owner, Binh Duong
DONRE shall have to examine and certify in writing the project’s owner compliance with
the contents of the approved EIA report. For project involving complicated matters which
need more time for examination, this time limit may be extended for no more than 10
working days. If through examination, detecting that project’s owner fails to fully and
properly comply with the contents of the EIA report, to request the project’s owner to do
so and report its compliance to Binh Duong DONRE for further examination and
certification.
3. The contents to be examined and certified shall depends on the contents of its
approved EIA report, with the following contents to be taken in to special consideration:
a. The wastewater collection and treatment system;
b. Equipment for collecting and detaining hazardous waste and measures for treating
them;
91
c.
d.
e.
f.
Measures for managing ordinary solid waste;
Measures and equipment for treating and collecting discharged gas and dust;
Measures and equipment for reducing noise and vibration;
Plan, measures and necessary conditions for preventing and responding to
environmental incidents.
4. The forms and specific contents of reports and certification documents shall comply
with the guidance of the Ministry of Natural resources and Environment.
8.4.
8.4.1.
Capacity Development and Training
Capacity Development and training during construction phase
During construction phase, the PMU will assign 1-2 personnel responsible for
environmental issue, included:
- Contact with licensed environmental monitoring company to implement
monitoring plan.
- Review monitoring report and propose corrective actions if needed to PMU.
- Submit monitoring report to World Bank, MONRE and Binh Duong DONRE.
- Check contractor’s compliance with environmental criteria set in contract.
- Provide training on environment protection and safety for workers.
Contractor is also responsible for environmental issue. All environmental impacts which
require the actions of the contractors will be included in the bid documents and later the
contracts to ensure that these mitigation measures and actions will become contractual
obligations for the contractors which can be enforced by the PMU and the environmental
monitoring team.
Workers when employed will be trained about safety and environment regulation in
construction site.
8.4.2.
Capacity development and training during operational phase
In operational phase, an environmental management team will be assigned. There will be
one leader from VGU management board, other members coming from administrative,
finance, mechanic, cleaning sections and representative of each cluster. Responsibilities
of this team are:
- Implement environmental management plan.
- Contact with licensed environmental monitoring company to implement
monitoring plan.
- Review monitoring report and propose corrective actions if needed to VGU
management board.
- Submit monitoring report to World Bank, MONRE and Binh Duong DONRE.
- Check contractor’s compliance with environmental criteria set in contract (i.e.
solid waste disposal.
- Develop awareness raising and training program on environmental issues in
associate with VGU student Union.
- Work with relevant authorities (i.e. DONRE) when there is an inspection.
92
8.5.
8.5.1.
Implementation schedule an cost estimates
Implementation schedule
All mitigation measures and monitoring plan in construction will be applied during
construction phases:
Phase 1: 2012 -2015
Phase 2: 2012 -2020
All mitigation measures monitoring plan in operation will be applied when the project
comes into operation:
Phase 1: 2016 – 2020
Phase 2: 2021 – 2030
Wastewater treatment plant and waste bins (for waste separation) which is a measure to
mitigate water pollution and solid waste in operational phases is considered as
infrastructure. Thus, they shall be finished installation in construction phases:
- Phase 1 (2012 -2015): capacity 975 m3/day
- Phase 2 (2012 – 2030): extend capacity to 1860 m3/day.
8.5.2.
Cost estimates
a. Investment cost of environmental facilities
Table 8.5 Investment cost of environmental facilities
No.
Environmental facilities
Cost (USD)
Construction phase
Phase 1
Phase 2
2012 -2015
2018 -2020
01
Temporary walls or barriers
3,000
2,000
03
Renting water spraying trucks
3,000
3,000
04
Waste bins
1,000
1,000
05
Temporary toilets with septic tanks
2,000
2,000
06
Storages of chemicals and waste oil and
grease
1,000
1,000
10,000
9,000
Total
Operational phase
2016-2020
2021 -2030
01
Wastewater treatment plant
550,000
550,000
02
Municipal solid waste bins
21,400
44,020
03
Hazardous waste bins
720
1,800
572,120
595,820
Total
Note:
(1)
Wastewater treatment plants:
93
Phase 1:
Table 8.6 Investment cost of environmental wastewater treatment phase 1
No
Items
Material
Dimension
L x W x H (m)
Price
(VND)
1.
Oil removal tank
RC
= 6,0 x 2,0 x 2,2
100.000.000
2.
Pumpit
RC
= 4,0 x 3,0 x 4,2
100.000.000
3.
Equalisation tank
RC
= 10,0 x 4,0 x 3,2
300.000.000
4.
Biological tank
RC
=12,0 x 8,0 x 4,50
1.400.000.000
5.
Sedimentation tank
RC
= 6,5 x 6, 5 x 3,5
350.000.000
6.
Intermediate tank
RC
= 5,0 x 2,0 x 2,2
80.000.000
7.
Sand filter
CS
= 1,5 x 1,5 x 2,5 x 4
900.000.000
8.
UV lamp and case
-
1 set
9.
Storage tank
RC
= 10,0 x 4,0 x 2,2
250.000.000
10.
Sludge thickener
RC
4,0 x 4,0 x 3,5
150.000.000
11.
Fine screen
SS
1 set
400.000.000
12.
Air blower
-
2 sets
900.000.000
13.
Wastewater pump
-
2 set
400.000.000
14.
Filter feeding pump
-
2 set
300.000.000
15.
Sedimentation rake
-
1 set
300.000.000
16.
Thickener rake
-
1 set
200.000.000
17.
Sludge pump
-
4 set
400.000.000
18.
Control room and
-
1 set
430.000.000
19.
Electrical and control
-
1 set
600.000.000
20.
Piping system
-
1 set
1.000.000.000
21.
Commissioning
-
-
22.
Total
23.
Total in USD
1.000.000.000
300.000.000
9.860.000.000
550,000
Phase 2: The capacity of waste water system will be double so VGU have to install one
more similar system. Hence the investment cost in phase 2 will be approximately the
same (550,000 USD) but inflation rate should be added.
(2) Waste bins
Phase 1
94
Table 8.7 Investment cost of Waste bins – phase 1
No.
Types of bins
Quantity
(unit)
Price
(USD/unit)
Cost
1
50 liter bin (green and yellow)
380
30
11,400
2
480 liter bin (green and yellow)
40
250
10,000
3
Hazardous waste bin (240 liters)
6
120
720
Total
22,120
Phase 2
Table 8.8 Investment cost of Waste bins – phase 2
No.
Types of bins
Quantity
(unit)
Price
(USD/unit)
Cost
1
50 liter bin (green and yellow)
708
35
24,780
2
480 liter bin (green and yellow)
74
260
19,240
3
Hazardous waste bin (240 liters)
12
150
1,800
Total
45,820
Note: After 5 years being used, all the bins of phase 1 may have to be replaced due to
damage.
c. Operational cost
Table 8.9 Operational cost of environmental facilities and other mitigation measures
No.
Activites
Cost (USD/year)
Operational phase
Phase 1
Phase 2
2016 -2020
2021 -2030
01
Operation of wastewater treatment plant
35,600
102,000
02
Biodegradable bag for storing solid
waste
3,400
7,200
03
Municipal waste collection, transport
and treatment
36,000
93,000
04
Hazardous waste collection, transport
and treatment
2,300
6,500
05
Energy auditing
5,000
10,000
06
Awareness raising
5,000
5,000
95
Total
87,300
223,700
Note:
(1) Wastewater treatment plant:
Phase 1
Power consumption:
Table 8.10 Power consumption of Wastewater treatment plant
No
Item
1.
Power
(kW)
Consumption
(kWh/day)
Wastewater pump
7.5
120
2.
Filter pump
5.0
120
3.
Air blower
11
262
4.
Sed. rake motor
0,37
9
5.
Sludge. rake motor
0,37
9
6.
UV lamp
7.5
180
7.
Air con., lighting
3
72
8.
Total
Power cost
772
: T1 = 1.500 VND/KWh  672 KWh/day
= 1,158,000 VND/day
Chemical:
No Item
1.
NaOCl solution
NaOCl Amount
NaOCl price
Chemical cost
Con.
Dosage (mg/L )
10%
5
: 975 m3/day x 0,2 L/m3 = 195 L/day
: 2.000 VND/L
T2 = 390,000 VND/day
Labor: T3 = 2 persons x 50.000 VND/person/day = 100,000 VND/day
Operational cost:
T = T1 + T2 + T3 = 1,158,000 + 390,000 + 100,000 = 1,648,000 VND/day.
 Operational cost per one cubic meter of wastewater:
1,648,000  975 = 1,690 VND/m3 or 0.1 USD/m3
Operational cost of waste water treatment for the whole year:
Phase 1: 0.1 USD/day x 975 m3/day x 365 days = 35,600 USD/year
96
Phase 2: 0.15 USD/day x 1,858 m3/day x 365 days = 102,000 USD/year
(2) Solid waste treatment:
Phase 1: 41,700 USD/year
Biodegradable bags:
350 VNĐ/ bag x 173,375 bags/year = 60,681, 250 VND/year or 3,400 USD/year
Waste collection, transport and treatment cost
Municipal waste: 500 VNĐ/kg x 3,538 kg/day x 365 days = 645,685,000 VNĐ/year or
36,000 USD/year
Hazardous waste: 5,000 VNĐ/kg x 688 kg/month x 12 months = 41,280,000 VNĐ/year
or 2,300 USD/year
Phase 2: 100,800 USD/year
Biodegradable bags:
400 VNĐ/ bag x 3223,025 bags/year = 129,210,000 VND/year or 7,200 USD/year
Municipal waste: 700 VNĐ/kg x 6,560 kg/day x 365 days = 1,676,000,000 VNĐ/year or
93,000 USD/year
Hazardous waste: 7,000 VNĐ/kg x 1,376 kg/month x 12 months = 115,584,000
VNĐ/year or 6,500 USD/year
d. Commissioning cost
Phase 1: 3,000 USD
Phase 2: 2,000 USD
e. Environmental monitoring cost
Construction phases (2 phases x 3 years/phases)
30,000,000 VNĐ/times x 2 times/year = 60,000,000 VNĐ/year or 3,400 USD/year
Operational phases
40,000,000 VNĐ/times x 2 times/year = 80,000,000 VNĐ/year or 4,500 USD/year
97
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