Biological Basis of Human
Behavior :
Role of Nervous system and
glandular system
 The
capacity of mental, physical, emotional,
and social activities experienced during the
five stages of a human being's life - prenatal,
infancy,childhood,adolescence,and adulthood.
Includes the behaviours as dictated by culture,
society,values,morals,ethical, and genetics.
 The
part of human’s body that coordinates its
voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits
signals between different parts of the body.
 The nervous system is a complex collection of
nerves and specialized cells known as neurons
 The nerves send messages for controlling
movement and feeling between the brain and the
other parts of the
body.
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Nervous System
Central Nervous
System
made up of brain and
spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous
System
made up of the nerve fibres that
branch off from the spinal cord and
extend to all parts of the body
 The
brain sends messages through the spinal
cord and nerves of the peripheral nervous
system to control the movement of the
muscles and the function of internal organs.
 The basic working unit of the nervous
system is a cell called a neuron.
 The human brain contains about 100 billion
neurons.
 A neuron consists of a cell body containing
the nucleus, and special extensions
called axons and dendrites.
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Neurons communicate with each other using axons and
dendrites. When a neuron receives a message from
another neuron, it sends an electrical signal down the
length of its axon. At the end of the axon, the electrical
signal is converted into a chemical signal, and the axon
releases chemical messengers called neurotransmitters.
The neurotransmitters are released into the space
between the end of an axon and the tip of a dendrite
from another neuron. This space is called a synapse.
The neurotransmitters travel the short distance through
the synapse to the dendrite. The dendrite receives the
neurotransmitters and converts them back into an
electrical signal. The signal then travels through the
neuron, to be converted back into a chemical signal
when it gets to neighbouring neurons.
The brain is made up of many networks of these
communicating neurons. In this way, different parts of
the brain can “talk” to each other as well as work
together to send messages to the rest of the body.
 The
most complicated and mysterious systems
in the human body.
 Lots of emotional and physical issues get
blamed--rightly or wrongly on hormones.
 There is no doubt that this complicated system
can get out of balance especially when it is not
taken care of with good nutrition and lifestyle
habit.
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Exocrine glands [exo-, outside + crin, secrete] secrete
substances through a duct or tube, usually to an outside
surface. Examples are tear glands, salivary glands, and
sweat glands.
Endocrine glands [endo-, within + crin, secrete] are
"ductless glands" which secrete substances directly into
the blood stream, which carries it to target tissues or
organs where it stimulates some type of action. The
substances secreted by endocrine glands are
called hormones, from the Greek word meaning "to urge
on" or "to set in motion." Examples of endocrine glands
are the pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus,
pancreas, adrenals and the sex glands (the ovaries and
testes).
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The nervous system and glandular system are similar in
that they are "communication systems."
The nervous system uses electrical impulses and
chemicals called neurotransmitters to relay fast, short
lived messages.
The glandular system uses hormones generally secreted
directly into the bloodstream to communicate.
With both the nervous and glandular systems, the signals
created by these communications (of hormones and
electrical impulses) must be received by receptor cells.
The receptor cells receive the signal and initiate the
affected part of the body to respond to that signal,
similar to how a speaker of a radio moving in response to
the electrical signals sent to it.
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The glandular system works, along with the nervous
system, to maintain balance among all the body
systems.
Together, these systems regulate voluntary and
involuntary actions within the body, such as growth,
metabolism, digestion, elimination, menstruation, and
sleep.
These two systems are the means of communication
between cells.
In general, the glands that secrete chemicals directly
into the bloodstream are called endocrine glands, and
form the endocrine system. Other glands--such as tear
glands, saliva glands, and sweat glands--are ductless
glands that secrete their chemicals outside the
bloodstream, and form the exocrine system

Society for Neuroscience. (2012). What is
Neuroscience? Retrieved July 31, 2012, from
http://www.sfn.org/index.aspx?pagename=whatIsN
euroscience
 Society
for Neuroscience. (2012). What is
Neuroscience? Retrieved August 2, 2012,
from http://www.brainfacts.org/aboutneuroscience/what-is-neuroscience