ANATOLIA WATERSHED
REHABILITATION PROJECT
AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL IN
BLACKSEA
Dr. Ömer Faruk Mutlu
October 23 – 25, ANKARA
1
TURKEY

Total area 780.000 km2

Population 72 million

34 % of total population of Turkey live in rural areas.

According to year 2001 agricultural census results; 71 %
of rural population in our country have operations of
agricultural activities.
2
Agricultural Structure
Area
(million
ha)
% of
agricultural area
Total Area
66.9
Agricultural Area
21.8
Cereals
15.2
69.9
Vegetables – Flower
0.6
2.7
Permanent crops
2.4
11.0
Fallowing Lands
3.7
17.2
Irrigated Area
5.2
23.9
Natural meadow
Unused potential areas
14.6
1.9
3
STOCKBREEDING
Total Cattle
Total Poultry
NUMBER(Million) DISTRIBUTION
10.6
297
Turkey
5.9
Duck
0.8
Goose
1.3
Total Sheep
25.3
Goat
6.6
Donkey
0.3
Mule
0.1
Horse
0.2
NUMBER
< 1 year
2.6
< 2 year
2.9
> 2 year dairy
cattle
4.6
Other cattle
0.5
Broilers
238.1
Egg
58.8
Adults
12.6
Lamb
12.7
4
PROJECT AREA
5
OBJECTIVE
The Project will reduce, over the
long-term, the discharge of nutrients
(nitrogen and phosphorus) and other
agricultural pollutants into the surface
and ground waters of Turkey and the
Black Sea through integrated land and
water management and ecologically
sustainable use of natural resources.
6
OBJECTIVE
increasing the use of environmentally
friendly agricultural practices and thereby
reducing nutrient discharge particularly
from agricultural sources to the Black Sea
strengthening national policy and local
regulatory capacity to meet European
Union (EU) standards for agricultural
nutrient pollution control
7
Main Components of the Agricultural Pollution Control
in Blacksea
Manure Management
Nutrient Management
Water and Soil Quality Monitoring
Organic Farming
Nitrate Directive Implementation
8
MANURE MANAGEMENT



By October 20, 2007, a total of 126 farm type
manure storage (for more than 10 cattle) and 77
household type manure stores (for up to 5 cattle)
have been completed.
Six large central manure storage and handling
facilities, Samsun, Amasya, Tokat and in Çorum
microcatchment have been completed.
Machinery (container carriers, solid manure
spreaders, manure mixers, liquid manure
vacuum tankers and loader tractors have been
procured and are in use.
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
BIOGAS


Biogas introduction studies were
launched.
Within this scope 2 demonstration
facilities are under construction.
29
BIOGAS
30
BIOGAS
31
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Soil Analysis

Manure Analysis

Manure Application Software
32
SOIL AND MANURE ANALYSİS




Project Provincial Teams were trained related to
Soil Sampling Techniques.
All needed chemical substances for analysis in
the scope of the Project was provided to Soil and
Fertilizer Research Institute.
Soil and manure analysis was launched and 400
soil and 20 manure analysis from the project
fields had been analyzed.
Soil and manure analysis will be accelerated
according
to
application
of
manure
management.
33
Soil sampling from the fields within the Project
Scope.
34
35
36
Water and Soil Quality Monitoring
The team has developed a detailed lab
handbook for procedures so that analysis
procedures by all labs are harmonized .
The labs are provided with necessary chemicals
and supplies, instrument capacity strengthened.
Both regional and provincial labs are taking
necessary samples and conducting water and
soil analysis. The data gathered so far will be
used to develop a baseline.
37
Water and Soil Quality Monitoring
Within project microcatchments, there
are 33 points for surface water samples, 32
points for ground water sampling and 2
points from natural fountains. Water is
being analyzed monthly and quarterly for
pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen,
turbidity , suspended solids , nitrate, TN,
TP and fecal coliform.
38
Water Quality Monitoring Baseline
nitrate
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
TR833_02 TR833_04 TR833_07 TR833_08 TR833_10 TR833_11 TR833_14
Average
13,63
31,65
29,50
10,00
0,50
Max
14,2
32,5
29,5
10
0,5
Min
12,6
30,8
29,5
10
0,5
Average
Max
Min
Ground water Nitrate Pollution results for samples taken
39
from Çorum microcatchment (Values in mg/L)
Water Quality Monitoring Baseline
nitrate
5
TR
83
4_
06
TR
83
4_
07
TR
83
4_
08
TR
83
4_
09
TR
83
4_
01
0
TR
83
4_
0
TR
83
4_
0
4
90,00
80,00
70,00
60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
Average
Max
Min
Ground water Nitrate Pollution results for samples taken
40
from Amasya microcatchment (Values in mg/L)
Water Quality Monitoring Baseline
nitrate
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
TR832_02
TR832_03
TR832_04
TR832_07
TR832_08
TR832_09
TR832_10
TR832_15
Average
13,39
1,68
6,46
3,52
1,18
4,86
11,30
2,30
Max
41,2
4,14
20,6
12,5
2,34
15,8
34
4,54
Min
0,32
0,11
0,08
0,13
0,06
0,13
0,22
0,06
Average
Max
Min
Ground water Nitrate Pollution results for samples taken
41
from Turhal microcatchment (Values in mg/L)
Water Quality Monitoring Baseline
nitrate
150,00
100,00
50,00
0,00
TR831_12 TR831_13 TR831_14 TR831_15 TR831_16 TR831_17 TR831_18 TR831_19
11,31
33,68
26,47
56,50
68,20
82,80
6,86
8,64
Max
25,9
93,1
35
62,9
117
101
7,16
10,1
Min
3,52
3,66
9,8
50,1
41,5
49,4
6,56
7,17
Average
Average
Max
Min
Ground water Nitrate Pollution results for samples taken
42
from Samsun İlyaslı microcatchment (Values in mg/L)
Nitrate pollution monitoring sampling stations (surface waters /
ground
waters)
548/yer
ground
water,izlemesi
1026 surface
water
and total 1574
Nitrat (yüzey
suları
altı suları)
örnekleme
noktaları
sampling
stations.
548 yer altı,1026
yüzey, toplam 1574
43
ORGANIC FARMING
With respect to organic farming, the project organized
training for 38 farmers and 32 provincial staff from the
four project provinces in Izmir where organic fruit
production is well established.
Subsequently three training sessions were organized
for training of the trainers on organic farming.
An accredited control and certification services company
had been contracted to initially help in organizing the
organic fruit growing in the project area and later in
certification.
44
ORGANIC FARMING



3 Organic walnut field had been established in 3
different microcatchments with 10 hectare, 1 hectare and
30 hectare dimensions.
In a microcatchment, 40 hectares walnut field belong to
77 farmers, had been converted into Organic Farming.
Interest to Organic Farming and related requests to
Project Management continuously increases.
45
ORGANIC FARMING
An accredited certification company contracted for organic
46
Farming.
ORGANIC FARMING
Works after harvest
47
ORGANIC FARMING
First organic transition product
48
TRAINING





In the scope of the project, inner personnel
trainings and farmer trainings were carried out.
In Project provinces, project provincial teams
have been trained continuously.
Besides, trainings related to project were not
limited to the project provinces and
participation from other provinces was
provided.
Until now, more than 800 farmers have been
informed about the project, nitrate pollution
and manure management.
In the coming months, farmer trainings will
focus on manure and nutrient management.
49
TRAINING















Training materials
Laboratory analysis handbook
Soil analysis handbook
Nutrient Management
Nutrient Management Plan
Manure Application Software
Manure
Manure Management
Compost management
Determination and control of Agricultural Pollution
Water pollution monitoring studies
Soil sampling and evaluation of analysis results
Soil sampling and evaluation of analysis results
Biogas
Climate change
50
An instantaneous view from one of the continuous
51
farmer trainings
FINANCE AND APPLICATION HISTORY

AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL (GEF –
GRANT)
GEF (GRANT)
: 7.000.000 $
PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
: 2.560.000 $
TOTAL
: 9.560.000 $
CALENDAR
PROJECT ACTIVITIES LAUNCHED IN JANUARY
2005 AND WILL BE FINISHED BY THE END OF 2012
52
DISBURSEMENTS
GEF
Grant
(USD)
Public
contribution
(USD)
2005
475.612
176.870
652.482
2006
1.050.278
304.018
1.354.296
2007 (until
October)
Grand Total
1.004.450
354.523
1.358.973
2.530.340
835.411
3.365.751
53