a
Sub :- Computer Hardware and Networking
Sub code :- (17533)
Class :- EJ 5G
Marks :- 50 M (Theory)
Sub Teacher :- Mr. Rakesh Z. Vaikunthi
UNIT - 1
a
MOTHERBOARD
AND
PERIPHERALS
(14 M)
a
Lecture - 1
1. Inside a PC
CD-ROM
drive
Power
supply
Hard disk
drive
Mother
board
Floppy
disk drive
Sound/network
cards
Wires and
ribbon cables
000-209 Intro to CS. 5/Mother
4
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PC COMPONENT
1) MOTHER BOARD
3) RAM
2) PROCESSOR
4) POER SUPPLY
(SMPS)
5) HARD DISK
a
6) KEY BOARD
7) MOUSE
8) VIDEO CARD
9) SOUND CARD
PC CONFIGURATION
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF PC CONFIGURATION DEPENDS
ON TYPES OF PROCESSOR MOTHER BOARD CHIPSET
SIZE OF CACHE MEMORY PRIMARY MEMORY ETC
• AMD Processor
• INTEL Processor
AMD Processor
- AMD Athlon 64 FX
- ½ GB DDR2 667 MHz
- 160/200 GB SATA HDD
- DVD drive
- SLI Ready monitor
- 17 in TFT or CRT
- Keyboard and Mouse
a
INTEL Processor
A- Intel Core Processor Base Configuration
-Intel core to duo processor (1MB – 2.2 Ghz)
- 1/2GB Duel Channel DDR2 SDRAM (667Mhz)
- 17 inch TFT – Keyboard
-DVD drive - Mouse
- Integrated Intel Graphics Media
B- Intel Core2Duo Processor Base Configuration
- Intel Core 2 Duo Processor 2.66 GHz
-
Memory 2/3 GB DDR2
Hard Disk 200GB
Optical Blu-Ray Disk
Media reader with Bluetooth 2.0
Video card 768 MB
a
Lecture - 2
Compare Different Types of PC configuration
Processor
Speed
(MHz)
Front
Side Bus
L2 Cache
Size
Multi processing
Hyper Threading
AMD
Athlon
600- 1400
266 MHz
256 KB
Supporting
Supporting
Celeron
100-200
766 MHz
128 KB
Not Supporting
Not Supporting
Intel
Pentium
Pentium- 1
60 - 233
66
128 KB
Supporting
Supporting
Pentium -2
233 - 450
100
512 KB
Supporting
Supporting
Pentium -3
450 – 500
133 Mhz
512 KB
Supporting
Supporting
Pentium- 4
1400
533 Mhz
512 KB
Supporting
Supporting
Duel Core
2.33 to 2.6
667 Mhz
2 MB
Supporting
Supporting
Core 2 duo
2.33 to 2.8
800 Mhz
4MB
Supporting
Supporting
Chipset
Def.- A compactible set of chips that interface with CPU on the
mother Board is known as chipset.
Northbridge
- The high-speed part of a common chipset architecture in a
computer.
- The Northbridge is the controller that interconnects the CPU
to memory via the frontside bus (FSB).
- It also connects peripherals via high-speed channels such as
AGP and PCI Express.
- The Northbridge may include a display controller, obviating
the need for a separate display adapter.
Southbridge
• The Southbridge is an integrated circuit on the
motherboard that is responsible for the Hard Drive
controller,
• I/O controller and integrated hardware such as
Sound Card video card if present on the
motherboard, USB,PCI,ISD,BIOS , and Ethernet.
• The south bridge gets its name for commonly being
South of the PCI Bus.
• Below is a graphic illustration of the ASUS P5AD2-E
motherboard and some basic explanations of each of
the major portions of the motherboard including the
Southbridge.
Chipset
Intel Chipset 945 G
Intel Chipset 945 G
• Intel 645G Express chipset was release in 2005
• Chipset is the first support Intel's new Duel Core
Pentium D processor also support Pentium 4
• 945G is main Aim to increase the performance of PC
• It offers FSB (Front side Bus) speed up to 1066Mhz
• It has Support for 300MBPS serial ATA
• It Support SATA RAID.
Feature of Intel Chipset 945 G
•
•
•
•
•
•
Code Name :- Lake port
Port Number :- 82945G
Bus Speed :- 1066Mhz
Support Processor :- Pentium F, P4
Memory Type :- DDR2
Maximum Memory :- 4GB
a
Lecture - 3
BUS
• Bus is a Common path way that carries a signal
between the component with In the computer.
• When used in reference to Personal computer, the
term bus usually refers to internal bus.
• This is a bus that connects all the internal computer
components to the CPU and Main memory .
• There's also an Expansion Bus that enables
Expansion Boards to access the CPU and memory
Types Of BUS
1. ISA :- Industry standard Architecture
2. PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect
3. PCI-X :- Peripheral Component Interconnect
Extend
4. PCI-Xpress:- Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express
5. AGP :- Advance Graphics Port
6. Processor Bus:- Front Side Bus
ISA :- Industry standard Architecture
• ISA Bus was develop by IBM team in 1981
• ISA Bus has two types
1) 8- bit ISA
2) 2) 16- bit ISA
• IBM kept old 62- lines slot connectors of 8-bit ISA bus
• And address 36- wires connectors with old 62- lines
slot connectors
Features of ISA





8 more lines to bring data bus to 16-bit ISA
Four more Address line to bring data bus to 16-bit ISA
It support 16 MB of RAM
ISA 16- bit Support both 8- bit and 16-bit Cords.
Four more DMA channel used
PCI :- Peripheral Component Interconnect
• PCI, is a local Computer bus for attaching hardware
devices in a computer.
• PCI is the initialise for Peripheral Component
Interconnect
• The PCI bus supports the functions found on a
processor bus but in a standardized format that is
independent of any processor's bus
• The first version of conventional PCI found in desktop
computers was a 32-bit bus using a 33 MHz
• The PCI Local Bus was first implemented in IBM PC
compatibles.
• Typical PCI cards used in PCs include: network cards,
sound cards, modems.
PCI-X :- Peripheral Component Interconnect
Extend
• PCI, is a local Computer bus for attaching
hardware devices in a computer.
Feature
• It is Faster version of PCI, runs at twice the
speed from 66Mhz to 133 MHz
• The Maxim amount of data exchange Between
processor and peripheral is 1.06GB
• PCI-X bursting as normal operating Mode
• Provide Synchronous Operation.
PCI-Xpress:- Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express
• PCI Xpress is a computer Expansion card interface
format
• Most common use of PCI Express is with graphics
cards and provide large bandwidth
Feature
1. PCI Xpress is used as local interface
2. It is fast to replace between AGP And PCI
3. It runs at 2.5Ghz
4. It is a serial base technology
5. It carries 250 MB/s data simultaneous transmit
and Receive.
a
Lecture - 4
Cache Memory
• Cache memory is High speed memory buffer
that temporary store data
• Processor can retrieve data from cache faster
from main memory
• Cache holds the data and provide to processor
when they needed
• Information and data is deleted when power
supply is off
Types of cache memory
1. Internal cache (Level 1) cache 1:• Cache L1 is used to hold working set of code and data
• It built in to the processor called as internal cache
• Size of L1 cache varies from processor to process starting
from 8KB to 64KB or more
• L1 cache built in processor and can not Expanded
2. External cache (Level 2) cache 2:• L2 cache is mounted on the mother board that is external
to the processor so it is called as external cache
• It runs at motherboard speed for Access
• Size of L2 cache is 64KB to 2MB
a
3. Level 2, L3 cache :• It is connected to North bridge on M.B.
• On the newer processor the additional L3
cache is built on motherboard in between CPU
and main memory.
L1 Cache
L2 cache
Main
Memory
Secondary cache
a
Lecture - 5
Characteristics of CRT
 Resolution :- Number of dots in vertical line (x axis)
and horizontal line (y axis) known as resolution.
two types of resolution
X- axis resolution (vertical)
Y-axis resolution (horizontal)
Refresh Rate :- rate at which the electron in the
monitor address brightness of pixel on the screen .
Response Time :- response time is the maximum
time is the minimum time necessary to change a
pixel color or Brightness.
LCD monitor
Explanation of LCD monitor
• LCD liquid crystal display is an electro optical
amplitude modulator
• It is thin flat display made up of number of
color pixel arrange of light source or reflector
• Each layer of pixel on LCD consist of layer of
molecule aligned between two transparent
electrode
• LCD is completely flat screen without flicuring
• It shows more brightness and clarity of picture
• It perform limited viewing.
a
Lecture - 6
Difference between CRT and LCD
Factor
CRT
LCD
Contrast Ratio Higher Contrast Ratio
Lower Contrast
Ratio
Response
Time
Less Response Time
Greater Response
Time
Angle of View
Image may be viewed
from side Angle
Better
Limited viewing
angle to CRT
Average
Color Purity
CD ROM drive
•
a
CD ROM Disk
Data Read logic
CD ROM
Clock
CD Rom drive
motor
Timing
Control
Interface
Explanations of CD ROM drive
• The principle of CD Rom drive is base on optical
technology
• CD Rom is used for compact disk read only memory
• The disk is coated with silver material so that reflect
with laser light
• Outer is coated with hard resistance jacket
• Various component of CD Rom Drive
Drive Head
Head Actuator
Spindle Motor
Frame Assemble
Drive Engine
a
Question Bank on first unit
Question Bank
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SUB: - CHN (17533)
Branch:- EJ/EX Vth Sem
UNIT 1
2 Marks Questions:State different types of PC Configuration
Explain various types of Key Board
Difference between CRT & LCD
Define the Term:Resolution b) Refresh Rate c) Response Time
List various Component on Mother Board
4 Marks Questions:Construction & Working of Mouse
Compare different types of PC configuration
What is BUS? List of Different types of BUS.
Draw and Explain Intel 945G
What is Cache memory & Explain its types
Give Functional Block diagram of LCD monitor
Give Advantages & Disadvantages of LCD
(w-09)
(w-10)
(s-09)
(s-10)
(w-10)
(w,s-09)
(s-09,w-08)
(s-08,w-09)
(s-09)
(s-09,w10,w-09)
(w-08)
(w-08)