List three (3) possible
explanations for this local issue.
FOCUS:
How did the field of sociology
develop?
Who are the early Sociologists?
How are these theories different?
What are some CURRENT theories?
Write these down in your
notebook
2
3
Industrial Revolution
4
Rural
Economy
Changes to
Industrial
Economy
Growth of
Cities
Housing shortages, crime, poverty, different lifestyles
5
Interactions used to be based on personal relationships
6
Impersonal nature of cities –relationships now based
on work
7
How did Sociology Develop?
• Relationships no longer
personal, less helpful,
more anonymous
• People became
frustrated, many were
poor and some were
wealthy
• Political revolutions
developed in this time
period.
• Many also questioned
religious and traditional
explanations of life
8
9
Early Sociology
I was born in
January actually, I
don’t know why
my mom named
me Auguste
Auguste Comte
• 1st to apply research to
study social life
• Focused on Social Order
and Social Change
• Society changes through
social dynamics – the
processes of social order
and social change.
I don’t know
where my hair
stops and my
beard begins?
Herbert Spencer
• Influenced by Charles
Darwin
• Social change and unrest
were natural and led to
stability and perfection
• Believed that no steps
should be taken to correct
problems – best aspects of
society would survive over
10
time.
Early Sociology
It is me, Karl. I started
Communism.
Yeah…yeah…I know. It
didn’t work out well.
Karl Marx
• Society structured by
economy
• Two classes: proletariat
(workers) and bourgeoisie
(capitalists)
• Imbalance would lead to
revolution and be primary
cause of social change
• CONFLICT THEORY
Emile Durkheim
• Saw society as interdependent
parts that maintains the system
throughout time
• Viewed these parts as functions
• FUNCTIONALISM
• Believed shared beliefs/values held
society together
• Sociologists should study features
that are observable and can be
tested.
• Suicide Study (handout)
11
Do Now: Write this focus in your notes.
Max Weber was a sociologist who was
interested in separate groups in society and the effect of
SOCIETY on the INDIVIDUAL. He believed you should go
beyond study of observations – but uncover feelings and
thoughts of individuals. Rather than looking at society with
an objective view – looking at an issue from the perspective
of those being studied.
“VERSTEHEN” –translates to “Meaningful Understanding"
putting yourself in the shoes of others to see things from
their perspective.
12
Verstehen!
Max Weber
• More interested in separate
groups in society
• Focus: effect of SOCIETY on the
INDIVIDUAL
• Should go beyond study of
observations – but uncover
feelings and thoughts of
individuals
• Principle of VERSTEHEN –
translates to Meaningful
Understanding" putting yourself
in the shoes of others to see
things from their perspective.
Early Sociologists
NO! I am not sneezing!
• See situations through the
eyes of others
• IDEAL TYPE: the essential
characteristics of a feature of
society
• Example: Construct an ideal
school, American, Work
attitude, etc.
• By examining many different
examples of each ideal type
13
Do Now:
(Hand in from yesterday)
Straight Man in a Gay World
• 1. What are the two viewpoints being
explored in this episode
• 2. Why did the Castro District become a mecca
for gay rights?
• 3. Describe a scene where one of them is
faced with experiencing the opposite
viewpoint and their reaction.
• 4. At what point do you think there was a
turning point?
• Out of all the following below, which of these
people is more likely to commit suicide?
• Explain your answers
15
Leah
Sullivan
Age 13
Julien Hug 35
Tyler Clementi
18
Justin De'Andre James, 8
Jessica Fashano , 27
Abraham Biggs, 1916
Emile Durkheim’s Suicide Study
• Wrote the first groundbreaking book
in the field of Sociology.
• French Sociologist Emile Durkheim in
1897
• Durkheim explores the differing
suicide rates among Protestants and
Catholics, arguing that stronger social
norms among Catholics results in
lower suicide rates.
• Concluded that social unity and lack
of isolation had more to do with
suicide than religious beliefs
Activity
• Current suicide statistics
• List some possible causes for these statistics
• List some possible correlations for these
statistics
• CAUSE=Direct result of an action/issue/event
• CORRELATION= Related to action/issue/event
but not necessarily a cause. Ex. You more a
probably chance of dying if you go to the
hospital.
Do Now:
• List three (3) products you use this morning
before getting to school
• List two things you bought at the mall
recently.
19
What are some Current Sociology
Theories?
20
What do sociologists look at?
• CAUSE=Direct result of an action/issue/event
• CORRELATION= Related to action/issue/event
but not necessarily a cause. Ex. You more a
probably chance of dying if you go to the
hospital.
Survey for Teachers
• http://freeonlinesurveys.com/rendersurvey.as
p?sid=2hxgfcx0d1d6kgb968868
22
Current Perspectives
Functionalist Perspective
• Comte, Spencer, Durkheim
• Society a set of interrelated
parts that work together to
produce a stable society
• Consensus
• Not all elements run smoothly
• DYSFUNCTION: negative
consequence for the lack of
stability in society
• Example: Crime – disrupts –
not stabilizes
• There are positive functions
and negative functions
• Each can be either
• MANIFEST or LATENT
• Manifest: intended
consequence
• Latent: unintended
consequence
23
Example:
A Manifest function
of a car is to provide
transportation
A Latent function
of a car is to gain
social standing
through a display
of wealth
24
What are the following used for?
Can you list things in society that have
both Manifest and Latent Functions?
In a group of three….brainstorm items, institutions,
etc. that have both Manifest and Latent Functions
26
Current Perspectives
Conflict Perspective
• Karl Marx
• People in society who
possess more power in
society control others with
less power
• Study various groups:
women and men, race,
family, employers and
employees, etc.
Competition over scarce
resources (power, wealth)
Group gains control of it –
establish rules and procedures
to keep it
Protect their interests at
expense of other groups
Leads to social conflict – social
change – inevitable in society
27
Can you list four (4)
groups in society
that possibly
illustrate Conflict
Perspective?
Reading 1
28
Computer Lab for Sociology Project
• Monday October 17th
• Thursday October 20th
• Can create PowerPoints, calculate survey
answers, prepare presentations, etc.
• Computer Lab is in room 223.
Institutions and relationships that
are inherently in conflict
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Employee/Boss
Teacher/Student
Principal/Student
College Prof./Student
Coach/Player
Landlord/Tenant
Police/Citizen
Shopkeeper/Customer
Parent/child
Wealthy/poor
Name some relationships in
which you are in conflict with
each day – whether or not you
are the controller…or controlled.
30
Current Perspectives
Interactionist Perspective
• Functionalists and Conflict
Theorists focus on society in
general or groups
• Interactionists focus on
individuals and their
interaction with each other
• Role of symbols in life
• Symbol: anything that
represents something else
Example: objects, words,
gestures
American flag, salute, a high
five, slang
How people use symbols is
symbolic interaction
Reading 2
31
Interactionist Activity
Turn to the student nearest to you. Express
the word you were given without talking
Interactionist Activity Wrap Up
• Was it difficult to get your point across using
only “symbols”?
• Are there any symbols that you used in a
different state or country that are entirely
different here?
• Are there any symbols you use at home that
only the micro-culture of your family would
understand?
Exit Quiz
•
•
•
•
What is Manifest Function?
What is Latent Function?
What is Conflict Theory?
List three (3) relationships you have that
illustrate conflict theory
What is Conflict
Perspective?
What is Interactionist
Perspective?
Give an example of a
symbol?
35
Wrap Up
• What event started the need for sociology?
• Why?
• What did Emile Durkheim study and what were his
observations?
• What is a correlation? Give an example
• What would be a direct cause?
• What is manifest content?
• What is latent content?
• What do interactionists look at?
Why is it important to measure assumptions before accepting
them as fact?
How and when did the field of sociology start?
Who are the early Sociologists?
What is manifest? Latent?
What was Durkheim known for?
What is Functionalism?
What did Comte believe?
What did Weber believe?
What did Spencer believe
What did Marx believe?
37
Your survey must include the
following questions
• What grade are you in: 9 10 11 12
• Do you feel we have a bullying problem at
Valley Central?
• Have you ever been bullied since you began
high school?
• Have you ever been harassed online? If so,
please choose one or more of the following:
1. MySpace 2. Facebook 3. Formspring 4. Email 5. Game Forum
38
Project Grading Rubric:
1-10 points each. 50 pts. =100
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Explain your group’s topic. Why you chose that.
Short biography of all group members in your slide show
Hypothesis: What do you think the results will be of your topic (s).
What do each of your group members think?
Slide show must contain good visuals: photos, clipart, charts, graphs, etc.
Create your surveys. Give out and collect. No demeaning or insulting
stereotypes
7. Project contains data from surveys. Group used data to try and explain
the results of their issue.
8. Contains at least: One (1) pie chart/bar graph, Six (6) or more slides
explaining results.
9.
A summary explaining your perceptions of your results. Did the data
prove your expectations? Were there any surprises or obstacles you
didn’t foresee?
10. Visually pleasing, neat, creative, interesting.
Fact Finders
• http://2010.census.gov/2010census/
• http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pa
ges/index.xhtml
Sociology Mini-Project DUE OCT. 14th
• Valley Central High School Sociology Project: Due Oct. 14th
2011 Group Culture and Perceptions
• Your group will choose an issue at Valley Central High School
and explore this issue using a sociological perspective. You will
collect information from different groups to create a survey.
Make sure you DO NOT demean or make fun of ANY group –
this is Sociology Class and a certain maturity level is expected.
• Work together – you are studying groups, group interaction,
and also working together in a group. You are responsible for
making sure each member has a role and is accountable for it.
What are you looking for?
• Choose an issue as a basis for your survey. Examples:
Perceptions about North Cafeteria vs. South Cafeteria, Race
and Ethnicity, Bullying Perception, Drug Use, Perceptions
about high school experience, VC Trends, etc.
What do we do?
In your group you must define and choose five (5) different
group members to interview and how many members of
that group to survey.
• Assign a group member to an interview (s)
• Create a survey with at least ten (10) questions. Try to create
measurable questions as they are easier to tabulate and
create data from. Multiple choice, True or False, “On a scale of
1 to 5, 5 being the most and 1 being the least…” etc.
• Who will type the survey, hand out, collect and measure,
create charts, where, when, etc.
• Your group must include sociological research in reference to
their topic.
• Hand in list of group members and their assignments
• Create a PowerPoint Presentation on your Project
Every group must include the following questions in their
survey, (in addition to the 10 or more you create).
• What grade are you in: 9 10 11 12
• Do you feel we have a bullying problem at
Valley Central?
• Have you ever been bullied since you began
high school?
• Have you ever been harassed online? If so,
please choose one or more of the following:
• 1. MySpace 2. Facebook 3. Formspring 4.
Email 5. Game Forum 6.Other
_______(please list)
You MUST…
• Make sure you DO NOT demean or make fun
of ANY group – this is Sociology Class and a
certain maturity level is expected.
• Work together – you are studying groups,
group interaction, and also working together
in a group. You are responsible for making
sure each member has a role and is
accountable for it.
Homework Assignment: Test
Grade
You are a sociologist studying an
issue of your choice.
Find an article about your issue and
in a five (5) paragraph essay look at it
from one of the below viewpoints
Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Interactionist Perspective
Due: