COMSATS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLGY
ISLAMIC STUDIES
For
BS(BA) BS(TN) BS(CS) BS(SE)
By
MUFTI ABDUL WAHID QAISRANI
Lecturer
DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
ATTOCK CAMPUS
NEED OF ISLAMIZATION
Secularism
Secularism is an acceptable reality of this world.
It means to design the law, economy and society according
to the secular system
Its adherents say that it is the only way to success.
Islamization
Now a day’s people call it fundamentalism.
Fundamentalism means to follow the basic principles of
governing the different spheres of life.
So Islamization is following the fundamental principles of
Islam which had been explained 1400 years ago
Why Islamization??
Mostly question arises why Islamization is needed as the
teachings of Islam are 1400 years old and were for the
people of that era.
While in the present day world the needs and wants of the
people have been changed so they are mismatched with
today’s world.
Consider the society without any secular teachings, then
following questions arise;
How they would lead their lives?
How would they govern their state?
They don’t have any principle but they use to say that
believe on
Intellect
Experience
Observation
They would then determine their needs and design their
laws depending upon their requirements
With changing situations they would change their needs
and thus adjust their laws accordingly.
Such a secular system considers the intellect, observation
and experience as the ultimate standard.
Now following question arise;
Do these standards are strong enough?
Do they guide the human beings till Day of Judgment?
Does this standard would be reliable by solely depending
on intellect, observation and experience?
Sources of Knowledge
Any system would reliable only when it has enough
knowledge supporting it as backbone.
Allah has provided the man with certain sources of
knowledge, each having its limited sphere of use beyond
which it won’t help anymore.
These sources are;
Five senses
Intellect
Revelation of Allah
Sources of Knowledge Five Senses
The foremost sources, provided to human being, to gain
knowledge are;
Eyes
Nose
Ear
Tongue
Hand
Eyes: use to gain knowledge by seeing different things and
surroundings.
Nose: use to smell the things
Hands: to gain knowledge by touching the things
Ear: helps in gaining the knowledge by listening to
different things
But each sense has its limit to be used by human being.
That is, you can only look at different things by using your
eyes but cannot use them to listen to different things.
Similarly nose can only smell the things and hand only can
be used to touch.
Ear cannot work as the replacement to eyes.
Sources of Knowledge _Intellect
When all the senses stop working and helping the human
being from there another source of knowledge takes the
birth that is, intellect.
For example;
There is a table in front of us. We can
tell its color by seeing it,
can tell about its material by touching it,
But cannot explain how it came into being. Here we use our
intellect that how the carpenter went through different
stages to build it. Because we neither had seen the process
nor had listen to it.
Jurisdiction of Intellect
Like all other five senses the jurisdiction of intellect is not
unlimited.
It is up to the certain limit and beyond this limit you cannot
use it as even if you try for it stops working there.
Sources of Knowledge_ Revelation of Allah
Limit where intellect stops working from there started
revelation of Allah.
Revelation is the heavenly knowledge from Allah Almighty.
If someone use intellect for it then it would be similar to
using the ear for looking at different things.
It doesn’t mean that intellect is useless but it is only useful
when it would be used in its jurisdiction.
Example to understand the difference among the three
sources:
Situation: Ahmed is in front of me.
Senses can tell the following:
Eye tells he is a boy.
Eye tells his color is white.
Eye tells he has a broad forehead.
Eye tells he has black hairs and so on.
But I cannot know these information just by my intellect
level without using my five senses E.g; By closing my eyes I
cannot know how exactly Ahmed looks like only by using
my intellect level.
The intellect …………
Similarly I cannot know all the information just by using
my five senses. E.g; I know Ahmed has parents, he has
creator (Allah) although I have not his parents nor have I
seen his creator (Allah) but my intellect tells me
That all human has parents
No one can be created without a creator (Allah)
But I cannot know these information by using senses
So five senses has a limit and where that limit stops the
intellect level starts working.
The Revelation
Just as five senses has limits, intellect level also has limits
for example
Why was Ahmed created (Both Senses and intellect level
cannot tell).
What are the orders of Creator (Allah) (Both Senses and
intellect level cannot tell).
What are the likes and dislikes of Allah. (Both Senses and
intellect level cannot tell).
These questions cannot be even told by the combined
efforts of 5 senses and Intellect.
To know these answers Allah Has bestowed humans
(Prophets) with the source of Revelation (wahee).
Difference between Islam and Secular System
Secular system uses the only two source of knowledge that
is;
Five senses
Intellect
They believe that there is no other third source of
knowledge
But in Islamization there is a belief that there is also a third
source of knowledge that is, revelations of Allah
Islam says that use the intellect but up to its limits because
beyond those limits it started answering wrong.
It would be similar to the computer it would work properly
only when its installed functions are utilized.
When such a command is provided which is not feed in it,
it would either not respond or started giving wrong
answers.
For this purpose Allah had sent his revelations for the
teachings of mankind. And said in Surah Nissa
 
 
 
  
    
 

We have sent down to Thee the Book In truth, that Thou
mightest judge between men, as guided by Allah. So be not
(used) As an advocate by those who betray their trust;
Only Quran is able to explain that what is right and what is
wrong. What is virtue and what is sin?
Intellect Is Decisive
Now a day’s rationalism is prevailed and everything would
be measured on the balance of intellect and then applied.
But intellect does not have any formula or the principle that
can be regarded as the universal truth.
That can be accepted by every person of this world and that
can differentiate between right and wrong.
When such decisions are dependent on intellect then history
provides the evidence that how intellect had deceived the
man.
Intellect Is Decisive – Examples
Atomic attack on Nagasaki and Hiroshima
In encyclopedia of Britannica the atomic bomb is
introduced as a weapon to save the live of 10 million
people by killing the few laces of people. So the event which
is cursed by the whole world is justified by intellect in this
way.
Answer to This Problem Is Impossible Through Intellect
When using the only intellect free of revelation or other
teachings then this would be wrong.
But if anyone considers it right then it means he is from
such a surrounding whose teachings bade him from doing
so and considers it right
Incest is now being prevailed in the western society and
considers as the part of the human urge.
Results of Being Away From Revelation
Why All This Is Happening??
It’s only because of the reason that we are using intellect
beyond its limits as this is the matter where revelation of
Allah is needed to guide the mankind.
Example of Intellect
Allama Ibn-e- Khaldoon who was the greatest philosopher
of his time wrote that the intellect provided the man by
Allah is very useful, but only when it is used in its
jurisdiction.
It would be similar to measure the gold on the weight
machine that could measure up top certain grams of gold
properly. But if you started measuring the mountain on that
weight machine it would be broken down.
No Standard Other Than Revelation
There is no standard that is universally acceptable because
every person would set his own standard.
So there would be no acceptable standard other than
revelation of Allah.
This can create limits on these fake imaginations of
mankind by providing everlasting standard.
So when anything is in Quran and question asked that I
don’t understand the reason of this order would be wrong.
Because revelation would come only when intellect stops
working.
Science and Technology According to Quran And Hadith
Now the educated people arise the questions that;
Quran and Hadith do not explain anything related to
science and technology, that is,
How the atomic bomb was made?
How the hydrogen bomb was prepared?
So the answer to this question is, the science and
technology is the field of observation and experiments by
using the human intellect which is in the hand of mankind.
And he would get only for what he works hard.
Teachings of Quran are utilized only where intellect stops
working.
Elasticity in Islamic Teachings
Islam has divided its teachings in three parts
Firstly: that Quran and Sunnah that cannot be changed
until Day of Judgment. It is basically based on the nature of
the human being. So the situations can be changed but the
nature of human being can’t be changed
Secondly: flexible Islamic teachings that can be mould
according to the situations as explained in teachings.
Thirdly: left for the experiments of the mankind that is they
would get only for which they would try hard.
Other Teaching, eg :
Pig is haram
Difference between interest and trade
Conclusion
No doubt with the passage of time new technology has been
developed and man has got the new ways to fulfill his needs
and wants.
But his nature is still the same which was 1400 years ago.
So Islamization is the only and the acceptable way towards
the success of the mankind.
What is religion?
In Urdu and Arabic the word ( ‫ )ﻣذﺏﮬ‬is used for
religion. (‫ )ﻣذﺏﮬ‬is derived from the Arabic roots (‫)ذ ﮬ ﺏ‬
which means “to go” so means” a passage”. No doubt that
religion is a passage going to destination.
Whether you pass through any part of the human
history or look at any part of the world then one thing
would be common. People would have thought about any
supernatural being for their worship and for their prayers.
People feared their rage and displeasure and acted
according to their will only. A Greek historian once said:
“ Wondering in the land you will see those cities which do
not have any walls, signs of modern science, huge palaces ,
any emperors, treasures and cinema but still you won’t find
any place without worshipping places, without prayers and
other aspects of Religion.
The idea behind the word ( ‫“ )دين‬deen” is that man, by his
nature, has to have a pattern of life based upon some
spiritual ideals or ideas which we call ‘belief’.
It appears that the word ‫ دين‬is more comprehensive than
the English word ‘’Religion’’ which puts emphasis on only
‘’Human recognition of super-human controlling power
and especially of a personal god or gods entitled to
obedience and worship, effects of such recognition or
conduct of mental attitude, particular system of faith and
worship.”
In short:
Deen is complete code of life which is only Islam and
religion means the way of worship
Definition of Religion.
The human brain has always placed an object of
worship for him which is commonly known as religion.
Apart from this religious aspect the proper definition of
religion is still un-known. Many great and intellectual
people have tried to define religion but their definitions are
always different form each other and also it does not cover
all the aspects of the religions for example:
According to Kant, “Considering every prayer as the
order of God is religion”.
According to Fried Schieler, “Considering every
individual thing as a part of the glorious thing and every
limited thing as representing unlimited is religion”.
Prof. A.N. White Head Says: “Whatever human being
loneliness is religion. “At another place he says: Religions
is the name of belief in that power which gives into not
cleanliness to human being. At another place he says
“Religion is the name of worldly loyalty”.
Professor Taylor has very simply defined religions as
“belief in
Supernatural power”. So the common working definition
is: to believe in supernatural beings and practice for their
pleasure and/or according to their will.
THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF RELIGION
There are some common elements which can be
observed in more or less all religion, they are beliefs,
practices and ethics.
Beliefs: Belief and faith is a fundamental element, without
beliefs there is no religion, therefore the people who
practiced having no faith were named manafiqeen in the
fine of prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.S) and the worst place
in Hell was announced as their reward in Hereafter. Belief
for religion is like roots for a tree.
Practices they are the second element of Religion. This
relates directly to divine relation (The revealed religions).
Practices are of utmost importance in a religion. They are
for religion like fruits for a tree, although there are trees
without fruits but of no importance, rather they are
removed to utilize the place for any other use.
Ethics: All the religions, revealed and non-revealed
teach good morality to their followers. However they are
defective in some religions and subjective in others.
The first two elements of religions deal with man’s
relationship with God while the third deals with man’s
relationship with his fellow men i.e. about the social
connections. The study of religion systems concludes that
such systems were present in other religions. They are in
many different forms in many different religions but they
are present in all. They do have some common grounds:
They are related the excelling nature.
They play the role of social norms which define that
society.
NEED FOR RELIGIONS:
It is natural that individuals feel the need of religions
in their lives because of the following facts:
They need to be in peace, to accomplish their natural needs
and requirements of life like eating, clothing living in their
houses and etc. The third purpose they need to live in
peaceful environment is to get their goals. A religion
controls its followers in the circle of good morality not to
harm anyone. The Holy Prophet (SAWS) says
:(‫“ )ﺍ ﻡﻠﺳﻤﻟ ﻦﻣ ﻡﻠﺳ ﻥﻮﻤﻠﺳﻤ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺎﺳﻠ ﻩﺩﯾﻭ‬The Muslim
is one from whose hand and tongue the other Muslims are
safe”.
When we think of this universe, we come to the conclusion
that nothing in this world has been created useless.
Everything has its own function. What is the function and
duty of human being? It can never be known without
guideline of Religion. So Religion is needed to know the
purpose of creation.
After one knows the purpose of creation, he should struggle
to fulfill that purpose. He should manage his lifetime to
achieve this goal. Religion is to guide him in this regard
and he can know the way of life.
Impacts of a Religion
Creation of good morality:
Religion creates ethics in its followers. Every religion
has good morality in its basic elements.
Duties and Rights are balance:
Religion teaches its followers to fulfill their duties
therefore there is no need to demand their rights. Because
the duties of a person are the rights of others. In this way
the duties and rights are balanced.
The fear of death is finished or minimized:
A follower knows that he will get reward in hereafter
if he spends a well disciplined life according to his faith. So
he will not fear death, because it is the only way to proceed
to Hereafter.
Unity:
Religion creates unity in its followers.
Humbleness: Religion creates humbleness in its followers.
Kinds of Religion:
There are two kinds of Religion: Revealed and NonRevealed. The revealed religions are revealed to the
Prophets which have the concept of Taw heed, Risalat,
Aakhirat and etc. like Islam, Christianity and Judaism.
Non-Revealed Religions are those which have not been
revealed but based on mankind experiences, superstitious
beliefs and meditation like Buddhism, Hinduism etc.
Concepts related to the beginning of the Religion:
There are two concepts related to the start of religion.
One is called Irtiqai concept (
) and the other is
the one given by religion itself.
Irtiqai Concept:
According to this concept, the beginning of the
humanity was dark and it was all ignorant period and with
the passage of time, human adopted religions. Some argue
that it started with the love of their ancestors and some
argue that it started due to some fear. The early man
started believing in the powers of earthquakes, storms etc.
But with the passage of time they came to know that these
things do not posses such powers.
Revealed Concept:
The religion point of view is that when God created
man and sent him on this earth, he provided him with his
material and spiritual needs, the 1st man sent on earth had
knowledge and was the Prophet of God and whenever
people got away from the right way, God sent Prophets to
guide the mankind.
Revealed Religions:
These kinds of religions started with the creation of
Aadam Alaihissalm. Allah Taala says)
[....‫يس َأبَى‬
َ ‫] َوإ ِ ْذ ُق ْلنَا ِل ْل َم َلـئِ َك ِة ا ْس ُجدُو ْا ًّالدَم َ َفسَ َجدُو ْا إ ِ َّال إ ِ ْب ِل‬
According to this verse Allah Taala sent Aadam
Alaihissalm to enforce the sovereignty of God. As the
original concepts got corrupted, Allah Taala sent Prophet
after Prophets until it was ended with the last Prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W.S)
Unity of Religions:
The fundamental message in all the revealed Religions
was same. The difference in the teachings of different
religions is the difference of rules, laws and customs due to
different times and varying circumstances.
ISLAM
Introduction of Islam
The Meaning of Islam
Difference between Islam and Iman
Islam and other Religions
Basic characteristics of Islamic Ideology
The Meaning Of Islam
The Arabic word Islam comes from the words Slim and
Salaam, which mean Peace.
Islam means submission or surrender& obedience to God.
In literal sense, it means complete surrender to the will of
God.
In simple terms, Islam means to be obedient and faithful to
the commands of God
Quran says:
‫يَا َأيُّهَا ا َّلذِينَ آ َم ُنو ْا ا ْد ُخ ُلو ْا فِي الس ِْل ِم َكآ َّفة‬
O you who believe! Enter into Islam whole-heartedly.
(2:208)
َ ‫ت َوا‬
2.
‫ض َط ْوعا َو َك ْرًا‬
ِ ‫َأ َف َغ ْي َر دِي ِن اّلل ِ يَ ْب ُغونَ َو َلهُ َأ ْس َلمَ َمن فِي ال َّس َما َوا‬
ِ ‫أل ْر‬
َ‫َوإ ِ َل ْي ِه يُ ْر َجعُون‬
Do they seek other than the religion of Allah, while to Him
submitted all creatures in the heavens and the earth,
willingly or unwillingly. And to him shall they all be
returned. (3:83)
َ ‫إ ِ َّن الدِينَ ِعندَ اّلل ِ ا ِإل ْس‬
3. ُ‫الم‬
The Religion before Allah is Islam (submission to His
Will):(3:19)
Difference between Islam & Iman
Iman mean acceptance and confirmation of something with
one’s heart.
Islam mean obedience and submission
Iman is not valid without Islam, not Islam without Iman
َ‫صالةَ َو ِم َّما َرزَ ْقنَا ًُ ْم يُن ِف ُقون‬
َّ ‫ا َّلذِينَ يُؤْ ِم ُنونَ ب ِ ْال َغ ْيبِ َويُ ِقي ُمونَ ال‬
Who believe in the Unseen, are steadfast in prayer, and
spend out of what We have provided for them; (2:3)
Differences between Islam & other Religion
Islam is a gift of God
Islam is the Last set of instructions revealed by Allah.
According to Quran it is the continuation of all revealed
religions as Quran declares: ‫َو َك َذ ِل َك َجع َ ْلنَا ُك ْم ُأ َّمة َوسَطا ِلتَ ُكو ُنو ْا ُشهَدَاء‬
‫الرسُو ُل عَ َل ْي ُك ْم َش ِهيدا‬
َّ َ‫اس َويَ ُكون‬
ِ ‫عَ َلى ال َّن‬
“We made of you an Ummah justly balanced, that you
might be witnesses over the nations and the Messenger a
witness over yourselves.”
(2:143)
It is much more different from all the other religions. Some
of the prominent differences are:
*Other Religions were for a specific place but Islam is for
the entire world.
*Other Religions were for a specific time but Islam is
forever
*Other Religions have been changed but Islam is
preserved for all times to come.
*The books of other Religions have been changed but
Quran has been preserved for all times as Quran says:
‫الذ ْك َر َوإ ِ َّنا َلهُ َل َحافِ ُظون‬
ِ ‫إ ِ َّنا نَ ْح ُن ن ََّز ْلنَا‬
“Indeed we have revealed Quran and verily we will
preserve it.” (15:9)
Basic Characteristics of Islamic Ideology
1. Revealed Religion.
Islam is a revealed religion by the Creator himself.
Islam is the only “Deen” revealed by Allah through the
messengers. Quran says:
َ ‫إ ِ َّن الدِينَ ِعندَ اّلل ِ ا ِإل ْس‬
ُ‫الم‬
Truly, the religion with Allah is Islam (submission to His
Will) (3:19)
2. A Complete Way of Life
Islam does not confine private life but is rather a complete
way of life
It covers all the fields of human existence.
Islam provides guidance in every aspect of life: social,
moral, religious, economic, political, legal, national and
international; not only has it guided the believer in his
public life but also in his private life.
Quran says:
‫يَا َأيُّهَا ا َّلذِينَ آ َم ُنو ْا ا ْد ُخ ُلو ْا فِي الس ِْل ِم َكآ َّفة‬
“O you who believe! Enter perfectly into Islam (by obeying
all the rules and regulations of the religion of Islam.”
(2:208)
No other religion has such complete course of social laws.
3. Universality and Humanism
The message of Islam is for the entire mankind.
Allah is the creator and sustainer of the whole world and
Muhammad (Saw) is His Messenger. Quran says: ‫َو َما‬
َ‫َاك إ ِ َّال َر ْح َمة ِل ْلعَا َل ِمين‬
َ ‫َأ ْرسَ ْلن‬
“And we have sent you (not) but as a mercy for all
mankind.” (21:107)
Islam enjoins equality whatever may be the color,
nationality, language or race.
On the occasion of his last pilgrimage, the Prophet (S. A.
W.) declared:
O people! Beware! You all have one God. No Arab has
preference over a non- Arab or a non –Arab over an Arab
or a white over a black or a black over a white, except from
taqwa (piety). (Ahmed)
4.
Simplicity and Practicalism
Islam is a religion without any theories and mythology.
It is clear and simple.
It is free of all superstitions and irrational beliefs.
Islam is a practical religion and we would be judged upon
by Allah on the basis of our actions.
Islam catches positive things from previous religions.
5. Balance between Individual & Society
Its unique feature is the balance between individualism and
collectivism.
It cares for individual personality of man and holds
everyone personally accountable to God.
According to the Holy Quran: ‫ْس ِل ْْلِنسَا ِن إ ِ َّال َما سَعَى‬
َ ‫َو َأن َّلي‬
Man shall have nothing but he strives for. (53:39)
And again:
‫َوفِي َأ ْم َوا ِل ِه ْم َح ٌّق ِلل َّسائِ ِل َو ْال َم ْح ُرو ِم‬
The alms seeker and the destitute have their due rights in
their wealth. (51:19)
Islam is the only true Divine religion.
First and the oldest religion:
Muslims never claim that Islam is a new religion, but
believe that it is the first and the oldest religion which was
revealed to the first man and the first Prophet, Adam (as)
who arrived on the planet earth by the order of Allah
Subhanahu taala.
Same Basic Beliefs:
Muslims believe in the basic teachings of Prophet Ibrahim
(as), Prophet Musa (as), Prophet Isa (as) and that Prophet
Muhammed was the last prophet of all prophets who
testified and completed the Divine message. i.e. all
propheFebruary 10, 20113/12/2016ts from Hazrat Adam
(as) to Hazrat Muhammad (sws ) have the same basic
beliefs.
Quran the Holy Book in Original Form:
The Holy Quran is the only Divine book which is present in
its original form and has never been changed. No other
book claimed as Divine book is available in its original
form or in the same language in which it was revealed.
Basic Beliefs and Social Laws never collide:
The basic beliefs and social laws of Islam never collide
with each other. Also, the basic beliefs and fundamental
teachings of Islam and the established facts of science show
compatibility with each other. This is not true with any
other religion of the world.
Tells Purpose of Life:
Islam tells us very clearly, from where we have come, why
we are here, and where we will ultimately go. Islam clearly
defines the aim of our creation and the purpose of our life.
All other religions do not answer these basic questions so
clearly
Monotheistic Religion:
Islam is the only true monotheistic religion which teaches
us to believe in the absolute oneness of God. Christians
claim that they believe in one God but they also believe in
trinity, i.e. they say 1+1+1 =1 which is not correct.
Similarly Hindus claim that they also believe in one God
but they worship many gods.
Other Religions are changed by Selfish People:
We shall now prove that the original teachings of Judaism,
Christianity and many other religions testify the basic
beliefs of Islam. These religions are now different because
they have been changed by the people to fulfill their selfish
demands.
FUNDAMENTAL BELIEF’S IN ISLAM
TAWHID (Oneness of ALLAH)
Introduction of Religion
Tawhid: Faith in the Unity of God
The meaning of Tawhid
Kinds of Tawhid
Effects of Tawhid on Human life
Shirk
Kinds of shirk
Tawhid: Faith in the Unity of God
The most fundamental and the most important teaching of
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) is faith in the unity of God.
This is expressed in the primary Kalimah of Islam as
"There is no deity but Allah" (La ilaha illallah).
This beautiful phrase is the bedrock of Islam,
The meaning of Tawheed
Tawheed means ‘oneness’ and ‘uniqueness’
Tawheed means that there is absolutely no one worthy of
worship other than Allah.
The comprehensive concept of Tawheed is given in the
surah Al-Ikhlas
“say: He is Allah, the One and the Only: Allah, the Eternal,
Absolute. He begets not nor is He begotten. And there is
none comparable to him”(112:1-4)
Kinds of Tawheed
There are three main types of tawhid,
1. Tawhid ar-Rububiyah (oneness of the Lordship of
Allah)
2. Tawhid al-' Auluhiyyah (oneness in Worship of Allah.
3. Tawhid al-Asmaa was-Sifaat, (oneness of the Names
and Qualities of Allah)
Tawhid ar-Rububiyah (oneness of the Lordship of Allah)
To believe that there is One Lord for all the universe
Who is its creator, the organizer, the supreme planner, the
sustainer, the Law giver, the designer, and the giver of the
security etc. that is Allah.
He is neither the father nor son of anyone. Quran says,
“Say, he is Allah the one and only, Allah the Eternal
absolute” (112:1)
“He begets not is He begotten” (112:3)
again it says:“And your Allah is one Allah, there is no got but He the
most Gracious, most Merciful” (2:163)
Allaah says:
"Allaah created all things and He is the agent on which all
things depend.
Tawhid al-' Auluhiyyah (oneness in Worship of Allah.
Allah is the creator; He is only one worthy of worship. it is
man’s primary duty and obligation to worship none, but
Allah. Man is reminded of his duty persistently in Quran.
“O you people! Worship your Lord (Allah) who created
you and those who were before you so that you may
become the pious” (2:21)
again says”
“I have only created jinns and men that they may serve
Me” (51:56)
To believe that none has the right to be worshipped (e.g.
praying invoking, asking for help from the unseen,
swearing sacrifices, giving charity, fasting, and
pilgrimage) but Allah. Quran says, “You alone we worship
and you alone we ask help from” (1:5).
Tawhid al-Asmaa was-Sifaat. The belief includes:-
We must not name or qualify Allah except with what He
and His messenger has named or qualified him.
None can be named or Qualified with the names or
Qualification of Allah e.g., Karim.and there is none like
unto Him” (112:5)
We must believe in all the qualities of Allah which he has
stated in His Book or mentioned through His messenger
Muhammad (S.A.W) without changing their meaning and
ignoring them completely or twisting the meanings
Muslim believes in the divine attributes of Allah these
qualities are only inherent in Allah and this belief is
integral part of the faith. Quran says:
Some of attributes of Allah are; Al-Khaiq, Al-Qadim, AlQadir, Al-Malik, As-Samad
"There is nothing like Him and He is hearer and seer of
all.” (42:11).
Effects of Tawhid on Human Life
Universal Outlook. A believer in this Kalimah can never be
narrow in outlook. He believes in a God who is the Creator
of the heavens and the earth, the Master of the East and the
West and Sustainer of the entire universe.
Self-respect and self esteem. This belief produces in man
the highest degree of self-respect and self esteem. The
believer knows that Allah alone is the Possessor of all
power
Modesty and humbleness.
Along with self-respect this
belief also generates in man a sense of modesty and
humbleness. It makes him simple and unpretending. A
believer never becomes proud, haughty or arrogant.
Virtuous and upright. This belief makes man virtuous
and upright. He has the conviction that there is no other
means of success and salvation for him except purity of
soul and righteousness of behavior. He has perfect faith in
God Who is above all needed, is related to none and is
absolutely just.
Patience and Trust. The believer never becomes hopeless.
He has a firm faith in God Who is Master of all the
treasures of the earth and the heavens, Whose grace and
bounty have no limit and Whose powers are infinite.
Determination and perseverance. This belief produces in
man a very strong degree of determination, patient
perseverance and trust in God. When he makes up his mind
and devotes his resources in fulfilling the Divine
Commands in order to secure God's pleasure, he is sure
that he has the support and backing of the Lord of the
universe
Bravery in man.
This declaration inspires bravery in
man. There are two things which make a man coward
(i) fear of death and love of safety, and
(ii) the idea that there is someone else besides God who
can take away life and that man, by adopting certain
devices, can ward off death.
Peace and contentment. The belief in La ilaha illallah
creates an attitude of peace and contentment, purges the
mind of jealousy, envy and greed and keeps away the
temptations of resorting to base and unfair means for
achieving success.
Obey and observe God's Law.
The most important
effect of La ilaha illallah is that it makes man obey and
observe God's Law. One who has belief in it is sure that
God knows everything hidden or open and is nearer to him
than his own jugular vein.
SHIRK
Shirk literally means partnership or sharing or associating.
In terminology of Islam it refers to assigning partners to
Allah, or ascribing divine attribute to others beside Allah
and believing is some other source of power.
It is opposite of Tauhid. Allah says:
Kinds of shirk
Shirk is also divided into three main categories:
Shirk in the existence of Allah:
To associate partner in oneness of Allah, to think that there
is more than one creator or declare that he is father or son
to anyone.
This is a denial of Tawhid ar-Rububiyah by means of
associating equal or lesser partners to Allah. For example,
Hindus worship one creator of the universe named
Brahman, but they join him in a trinity with a preserver god
named Vishnu, and a destroyer god named Shiva. Another
example can be found in Christianity, where Allah is joined
with the Prophet Isa (AS) and the 'holy spirit' (who is said
to exercise Allah's will on earth).
2. Shirk in worship:
To associate partner in worship with Allah.
This is a denial of Tawhid al-'Ibadah in which acts of
worship are directed towards others instead of Allah - this
can be praying to prophets, saints, celestial objects, idols
etc.
3. Shirk in attributes:
To ascribe the unique qualities of Allah to any other being.
To claim or believe that any other being posses the same
knowledge divine power, will or determination of Allah.
This is the denial of Tawhid al-Asmaa was-Sifaat by means
of giving divine names or attributes to any of Allah's
creations. In his book,
Everyday Examples of Shirk
There are many hidden examples of shirk
Astrology and Horoscopes. The art of telling the future
by means of comparing the relative positions of a number
of star constellations and other celestial bodies in
conjunction with the time of year that a person was born.
As I mentioned before, only Allah knows what is in the
future, and it is therefore impossible to gain an inkling of
future events by studying the stars. This is a form of Shirk
by Deification in two ways: believing in astrology gives
mankind the ability to see into the future, and gives created
objects the ability to give good or bad fortune, both
attributes which belong to Allah alone.
Fortune-Telling. Attempting to tell the future by any
means (such as reading palms, looking into a crystal ball,
etc) are forms of Shirk for the same reasons given above.
Muhammad (SAW) took this matter very seriously and
warned his followers against this on a number of
occasions. It is clear that both performing fortune-telling
yourself or visiting a fortuneteller are haram and must be
avoided
The Number 13.
Stemming from the belief that the
number thirteen is an unlucky number is a common
example of shirk, especially in the US where it is not
uncommon for tall buildings not to have a thirteenth floor.
This is shirk because it is assigning the ability to bring bad
fortune to a mere object.
Lucky or Unlucky Creatures. It has been a common custom
for certain animals to be associated with good or bad luck
for many centuries in many parts of the world. For
example, black cats have been considered unlucky because
of their supposed association with witches. one is supposed
to either greet it or spit at it in order to avert any
misfortune. Likewise, rabbits feet and horseshoes are
thought to bring good luck. All of these examples are shirk
because the ability to bring good or bad luck is being
assigned to Allah's creation.
Angels
What is the need for contact between man and creator?
God being invisible and beyond all physical
perception, it was necessary to have some means of contact
between man and God: otherwise it would not be possible
to follow the Divine will as God is the creator not only of
our bodies, but also of our souls. It is He who has given us
the moral conscience, and the means we employ to guide us
in the right path.
The human spirit is capable of both good and evil
inspirations. Among the common folk it is possible that
good people receive sometimes-evil inspirations and bad
people good inspirations. Inspirations may come from
someone other than God, which enables our reason to
distinguish between that which is celestial and worthy of
following, and that, which is diabolic and fit to be shunned.
Allah has created Angels out of light and gave them various
duties to perform.
2. They are not visible to us.
3. They do not commit any sins nor do they disobey Allah.
4. They do what Allah has ordered.
5. We do not know their exact number.
6. We know of four famous Angels. They are: Prominent Angels,
Hazrat JIBRAEEL Alayhis Salaam.
Hazrat MICHAEEL Alayhis Salaam.
Hazrat IZRAAELL Alayhis Salaam.
Hazrat ISRAFEEL Alayhis Salaam.
7. Hazrat JIBRAEEL (Alayhis-Salaam) brought Allah's
Books, Orders and messages to all the Prophets. He was
also sent to help the Prophets at times and fight against
their enemies.
8. Hazrat MICHAAEEL (A.S.) is in charge of food and
rain. Other Angels work under him who are in charge of
clouds, the seas, the rivers and the winds. He gets the order
from Allah. He then orders the others under his command.
9.Hazrat IZRAAEEL (A.S.) takes away life with the order of
Allah. He is in charge of death. Numerous Angels work
under him. Some take away the lives of good persons whilst
others looking very fearful take away the lives of sinners
and disbelievers.
10. Hazrat ISRAAFEEL (A.S.) will blow the SOOR
(TRUMPET) on the DAY OF JUDGMENT. The sound will
destroy and kill everything that is on earth and in the skies.
When he blows for the second time all will come to life with
the order of Allah.
Angels are also recorders…
11. There are two Angels that are always with every
person. One writes all his GOOD DEEDS whilst the other
enters all his BAD DEEDS. They are known as :KIRAAMAN-KAATIBEEN.
12. The MUNKAR and NAKEER question a person when
he dies.
13. Some Angels are in charge of HEAVEN, some of HELL,
some of looking after children, the old ,the weak and others
whom Allah wishes to protect.
14. From the QURAN and HADITH we come to know that
various other angels are in charge of various other duties.
Faith in the Books of God
The third article of faith is faith in the Books of God; Books
which He has sent down to mankind through His Prophets.
God had revealed His Books to His Prophets before
Muhammad and these books were sent down in the same
way as He sent down the Qur'an to Muhammad. We have
been informed of the names of some of these books: Books
of Abraham, the Torah of Moses, Zabur (Psalms) of David,
and the Injil (Gospel) of Jesus Christ. We have not been
informed of the names of Books which were given to other
Prophets.
(1) Therefore, with regard to other existing religious books,
we are not in a position to say with certainty whether they
were originally revealed books or not.
(2)But we tacitly believe that whatever Books were sent
down by God are all true.
(3)Of the Books we have been told, the Books of Abraham
are extinct and not traceable in existing world literature.
David's Zabur, the Torah and the Injil exist with the Jews
and the Christians, but the Qur'an informs us that people
have changed and added to these books, and God's words
have mixed up with texts of their own making. This
corruption and pollution of the Books has been so large
and so evident that even the Jews and the Christians they
admit that they do not possess their original texts, and have
only their translations, which have been altered over many
centuries and are still being changed
We have been commanded to believe in previously revealed
Books only in the sense of admitting that, before the
Qur'an, God had also sent down books through His
Prophets, that they were all from one and the same God,
the same God Who sent the Qur'an and that the sending of
the Qur'an as a Divine Book is not a new and strange
event, but only confirms, restates and completes those
divine instructions which people had mutilated or lost in
antiquity.(4)
Even a cursory study of the first books of the Old Testament
and the four Gospels of the New Testament reveals that
they are the productions of men and in these writings some
parts of the original Psalms of David and the Gospels of
Christ have been incorporated.
(5)The Qur'an is the last of the Divine Books sent down by
God and there are some very pertinent differences between
it and the previous Books. These differences may briefly be
stated as follows:
1. The original texts of most of the former Divine Books
were lost altogether, and only translations exist today. The
Quran, on the other hand, exists exactly as it was revealed
to the Prophet; not a word, not a syllable of it -- has been
changed. It is available in its original text and the word of
God has been preserved for all time.
2. In the former Divine Books man mixed his words with
God's, but in the Quran we find only the words of God -and in their pristine purity. This is admitted even by the
opponents of Islam.
3. In respect of no other sacred Book possessed by different
peoples can it be said on the basis of authentic historical
evidence that it really belongs to the same Prophet to whom
it is attributed. In the case of some of them it is not even
known in what age and to which Prophet they were
revealed. As for the Quran, the evidence that it was
revealed to Muhammad is so voluminous, so convincing, so
strong and so compelling that even the fiercest critics of
Islam cannot cast doubt on it.
4. The former Divine Books were sent down in languages
which died long ago. No nation or community now speaks
those languages and there are only a few people who claim
to understand them. Thus, even if the Books existed today in
their original and unadulterated form, it would be virtually
impossible in our age to correctly understand and interpret
their injunctions and put them into practice in their
required form. The language of the Quran, on the other
hand, is a living language; millions of people speak it.
5. Each one of the existing sacred Books found among
different nations of the world has been addressed to a
particular people. Each one contains a number of
commands which seem to have been meant for a particular
period of history and which meet the needs of that age only.
They are neither needed today, nor can they now be
smoothly and properly put into practice. It is evident from
this that these Books were particularly meant for that
particular people and not for the world. Furthermore, they
were not sent to be followed permanently by even the
people they were intended for; they were meant to be acted
upon only for a certain period. In contrast to this, the
Quran is addressed to all mankind; not a single injunction
of it can be suspected as having been addressed to a
particular people. In the same manner, all the commands
and injunctions in the Quran can be acted upon at any
place and in any age. This proves that the Quran is meant
for the whole world, and is an eternal code for human life.
6. There is no denying the fact that the previous divine
Books also enshrined good and virtue; they also taught the
principles of morality and truthfulness and presented the
mode of living which was to God's pleasure. But none of
them was comprehensive enough to embrace all that is
necessary for a virtuous human life. Some of them excelled
in one respect, others in some other. It is the Qur'an and
the Qur'an alone which enshrined not only all that was
good in the former Books but also perfects the way of Allah
and presents it in its entirety and outlines that code of life
which comprehends all that is necessary for man on this
earth.